• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.169-174
• /
• 1992

This experiment was carried out to investigate the possibility of practical use of intermittent soaking system(ISS) in hydroponicaly growing tomato. There were four treatments which were NFT, Aeroponics, and ISS with 10 and 15 minute soaking intervals. 1. Plant height is highest in NFT, but main root length is longest in ISS. While stem diameter and leaf number were not significantly difference. 2. Fresh and dry weight were heavier in NFT than those of other systems at early growth stage, but the heavier in ISS system, the growth more develop. 3. In 43 days after treatment, the number of flowerlet was largest in aeroponics, and then ISS and NFT in order. Fruit weight per plant was also heaviest in aeroponics. 4. Average yield per plant were 1929.1g in aeroponics, 1475.2g in ISS with 10 minute soaking interval, 1276.2g in NFT and 1084.8g in ISS with 15 minute soaking interval. 5. Average fruit number per plant were 11.0 in aeroponics, 9.7 in NFT, 8.3 in ISS with 15 minute soaking interval, and 7.7 in ISS with 10 minute soaking interval. Average fruit weight were 192.9g in aeroponics, 172.4g in ISS with 10 minute soaking interval, 134.0g in NFT and 126.0g in ISS with 15 minute soaking interval. 6. Average fruit length was longer in aeroponics and ISS with 10 minute soaking interval than in the NFT and ISS with 15 minute soaking interval. Average fruit width was similarly wider in NFT, aeroponics and ISS with 10 minute soaking interval than in ISS with 15 minute soaking interval.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2019

Currently many companies are interested in reduction of the carbon emissions associated with their supply chain activities such as transportation and operations. Operational decisions, such as modifications in order quantities could an effective way in reducing carbon emissions in the supply chain. Cap-and-trade regulation, sometimes called emissions trading, is a market-based tool to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Under cap-and-trade regulation, emission credits are allocated to the firms and the firms trades emissions under cap-and-trade schemes. In this paper, we propose a single-manufacturer single-buyer two-echelon supply chain problem under the cap-and-trade mechanism incorporating the carbon emissions caused by transportation and warehousing activities where a single manufacturer produces a family of items in order to deliver a family of items to a single buyer at a fixed interval of time for effective implementation of Just-In-Time (JIT) Purchasing. An integrated multi-product lot-splitting model of facilitating multiple shipments in small lots between buyer and manufacturer is developed in a JIT Purchasing environment. Also, an iterative heuristic algorithm is developed to derive the common order interval, the number of intervals for each product and the number of shipments between the buyer and the manufacturer during the common interval. A numerical example is given to illustrate the savings in reduction of total cost and carbon emissions by the inventory model incorporating cap-and-trade mechanism compared to the classical inventory model. The proposed inventory model could be useful for the practical solution of two-echelon supply chain inventory problem under cap-and-trade mechanism.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.627-634
• /
• 2001

Under contamination, Bahadur representations with a strong remainder term are derived for random central order statistics with a prescribed limiting rank, and asymptotic normalities for these statistics of truncated and contaminated data are proved, with a suitable limiting rank. From these results, an application to the fixed-width confidence interval problem is available.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 1989

This experiment was carried out to determine the value of turfgrass clippings as a source of protein for animal feed. Levels of crude protein(CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(JVDMD) were determined for Korean lawngrass (Zoysia Japonica Steud.) under three levels of nitrogen fertilizer ( 0 , 350 and 700kg ha year and three levels of mowing interval between cuts (lO, 20, and 30 days). Sampling was done on the three-year old turffield on which nitrogen and mowing treatments were Imposed. Clippings were collected after mowing, and CP levels were calculated from a measurement of total N(CP = N >< 6.25) l)y Auto-analyser system-2 procedure and IVDMD by Maeng's method which was partly modified with Tilley and Terry's procedure. With the increased nitrogen legime the CP content of leaf clippings varied from 6.6 to 13.6% and that Of stem clippings from 4 to 10.3%. The CP levels of clippings were directly proportional to the N fertilization rate. The highest CP content was recorded in early July when it was 14.1% at 35OkgN ha -and I 18.l%kgN ha-1 with 10-wcek mowing interval. Mowing interval had little effect on the CP content in both leaf and stem clippings. The level of IVDMD in the Korean lawngrass clippings varied with mowing interval. The highest level measured was 47%, hut this varied during the growing season and occurred in the following order : early summer > summer > fall. This experiment has shown that Korean lawngrass clippings can he helpful source of protein for use in some animal feeds and that a high concentration of CP can occur depending upon N fertllizer and that of I VDM I) upon mowing practices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.445-450
• /
• 2008

In order to analyze the reliabilities of the fuzzy systems, the reliabilities of the components in the fuzzy systems are represented by real values between zero and one, fuzzy numbers, intervals of confidence, vague sets, interval valued fuzzy sets, etc in the conventional researches. In this paper, we propose a method to represent and analyze the reliabilities of the fuzzy systems based on the interval valued vague sets defined in the universe of discourse [0, 1]. In the interval valued vague sets, the upper bounds and the lower bounds of the conventional vague sets[12, 14] are represented as the intervals. Therefore, it can allow the reliabilities of a fuzzy system to represent and analyze in a more flexible manner. Because the proposed method uses the simplified arithmetic operations of the fuzzy triangular numbers rather than the complicated of the fuzzy trapezoidal numbers mentioned by Kumar[14], the execution of the proposed method is faster than the one.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2014

We provide a simple basic method to find bounds for higher order moments of unimodal distributions in terms of lower order moments when the random variable takes value in a given finite real interval. The bounds for moments in terms of the geometric mean of the distribution are also derived. Both continuous and discrete cases are considered. The bounds for the ratio and difference of moments are obtained. The special cases provide refinements of several well-known inequalities, such as Kantorovich inequality and Krasnosel'skii and Krein inequality.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 1999

Using a noninformative prior and an inverted gamma prior, the Bayesian predictive density and the prediction intervals for a future observation or the p - th order statistic of n' future observations from the censord Pareto model have been obtained. In additions, numerical examples are given in order to illustrate the proposed predictive procedure.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.23 no.1_2
• /
• pp.479-488
• /
• 2007

A sequential procedure is proposed in order to construct one-sided confidence intervals for a normal mean with guaranteed coverage probability and ${\beta}-protection$ when the normal mean and variance are identical. First-order asymptotic properties on the sequential sample size are found. The derived results hold with uniformity in the total parameter space or its subsets.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.662-668
• /
• 2011

This paper presents an analysis of a 4th order LCLC resonant converter with a capacitive output filter using the state-space approach. The analysis of the converter shows that there are four intervals in a half period. In each interval, the state-space equations are obtained. Due to the soft switching of the converter, an exact equation for the Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) time and the maximum dead time of the inverter switches are presented. The simulation and experimental results obtained from a 10kv, 370w prototype confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.367-376
• /
• 1997

Consider the accelerated sequential procedure of Hall(1983). Second order asymptotic expression of well behaved functions of the stopping variable. The results is demonstrated by working out several point and interval estimation problems.