• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 1998

The forest vegetation of Mt. Odae based on the interspecific relationship was classified into 4 groups : Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis and Patrinia saniculaefolia. Thirty-one species of Quercus mongolica group including Quercus mongolica and Acer mone, 12 species of Pinus densiflora group comprising Pinus densiflora and Spodiopogon sibiricus, 6 species of Quercus variabilis group and 4 species of Patrinia saniculaefolia were positively correlated. in the results of species ordination by principal component analysis, 7 clusters by the humidity and acidity of soil, 4 clusters by the humidity and light intensity and 7 clusters by the acidity and light intensity were formed. The plot ordination showed that the distribution of species based on the humidity, soil acidity and total organic matters was in the order of Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica groups, and based on the light intensity was in the order of Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica groups.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.121-136
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• 1995

The forest vegetation on Mt. Ch’ongnyang was investigated for phytosociological analysis of the vegetation types and interspecific association. The forest was classified into seven vegetation units; A: Quercus Mongolica community, A-1: Group of Quercus variabilis, A-1-a: Subgroup of Pinus densiflora, A-1-b: Typical subgroup, A-2: Group of Aconitum trilobum, A-3: Group of Quercus dentata, B: Zelkova serrata communty. The group of Quercus variabilis was distributed on southeast- and southwest-facing slopes in 400~830 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 3.36~4.67％. The group of Aconitum trilobum was distributed on northeast- and northwest-facing slopes in 650~830 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 7.18％. The group of Quercus dentata was distributed on southwest-facing solpes in the vicinity of 810 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 9.7％. The Zelkova serrata community was distributed in the vicinity of ravines, and organic matter in the soil was 7.6％. The contents of Mg and Ca, and electric conductivity in the Zelkova serrata community were relatively high, 11.82 me/100mg, and 11.27 me/100mg, 102.2 μ mos/cm, respectively. In the results of polar ordination, environmental gradient of axis Ⅰ and axis Ⅱwere correlated with moisture, inclination and azimuth, respectively. Group of Quercus variabilis has occurred in xeric, group of Aconitum trilobum in submesic, and the Zelrova serrata community in mesic sites. In the meantime the interspecific association analysis based on chi-square yielded three species groupings with high positive affinity(p<0.01), i.e.group Ⅰ consisted of 18 species, including Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Ansliaea acerifolia, Aconitum trilobum and group Ⅲ consisted of 19 species, in cluding Zelrova serrata, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Acer truncatum var. barbinerve, respectively.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제106권2호
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• pp.169-185
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• 2017

산림식생은 분류방법에 따라 식생유형의 결과가 다를 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 세 종류의 식생분류 방법론을 적용하여 결과를 비교하기 위해 충남 오서산 산림식생을 대상으로 2016년 9월부터 10월까지 총 80개소의 식생조사를 수행하였다. 얻어진 자료를 토대로 상관우점종에 의한 군락유형분류, 종조성에 따른 군락유형분류, 종간연관 분석을 실시하였다. 상관우점종에 의한 군락유형분류를 실시한 결과, 소나무군락, 신갈나무군락, 느티나무군락, 상수리나무군락, 층층나무군락, 졸참나무군락, 일본잎갈나무군락, 리기다소나무군락, 밤나무군락, 백합나무군락의 총 10개의 군락유형으로 구분되었다. 종조성에 따른 유형분류를 실시한 결과, 총 4개의 식생단위와 8개의 종군 유형으로 분류되었다. 종조성 체계의 최상위 수준에서 비목나무군락군으로 대표되어졌으며, 비목나무군락군은 진달래군락(진달래전형군, 쪽동백나무군), 느티나무군락(일본잎갈나무군, 큰개별꽃군)으로 분류되어, 1개 군락군 2개 군락 2개 군의 분류체계를 나타냈다. 종간연관 분석 결과는 크게 두 개의 그룹으로 나누어졌으며, 종조성에 의한 군락유형과 종간연관에 의한 유형은 지형적인 영향이 크게 작용하는 것으로 판단되었다. 조사지의 산림식생은 상관우점종에 의해 10개의 군락유형, 종조성에 의해 8개의 종군단위와 4개의 식생단위, 종간연관에 의해 2개의 유형으로 분류되어, 상관우점종, 종조성(종군유형${\rightarrow}$식생단위), 종간연관 순으로 식생단위가 단순화되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 산림식생은 분류방법론에 따라 다양한 식생유형이 분류되었고 또한 많은 환경요인들의 영향이 작용하고 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2010

Stand structure and spatial associations of the dominant tree species in Quercus mongolica stands were investigated to understand interspecific relationships and the persistent dominance of Q. mongolica. We examined the species composition, DBH (diameter at breast height) distribution, and spatial distribution of trees (${\geq}\;2.5\;cm$ DBH) in two permanent $100\;m\;{\times}\;100\;m$ plots in Q. mongolica-dominant stands on the western part of Mt. Jiri. Ripley's K-function was used to characterize the spatial patterns and associations of dominant tree species. Q. mongolica showed a continuous and reverse-J shaped DBH distribution with clumped spatial distribution in both study sites. Q. mongolica and Abies koreana exhibited a negative association implying potential interspecific competition. The positive spatial association between Q. mongolica and Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica and Fraxinus sieboldiana were affected by site characteristics: limited habitat conditions with a large proportion of rock surface. Our results suggest that interactions among species were complex and ranged from positive to negative. Differences in stand and site characteristics and regeneration mechanisms among the species play an important role in regulating their spatial distribution patterns, while competition between individuals also contributes to spatial patterning of these communities. The high density and the early developmental stage of spatial distribution and structural characteristics of Q. mongolica and the relatively low importance values of other species in the stands imply that Q. mongolica will remain dominant in the study sites in the near future.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1985

The processes of vegetation development and interspecific association were studied as a part of a successional study in the sand bars at the Nadgdong River estuary in Korea. The major pioneer plant species in the sand bars were Salsola komarovi, Carex pumila and Cynodon dactylon. In embryonic sand bars, Namusitdeung and Galmaegideung, the processes of vegetation development after colonization by pioneer species were closely interdependent with the development of the sand dune. The vegetation types of embryonic sand bars were divided into two groups: sand dune plants, and annual and perennial forbs. Those of old sand bars, Baeghapdeung and Ogryudeung, were also divided into tow groups: sand dune plants, and salt marsh plants. The results of interspecific association coincided well with the actual distribution of plant communities in the sand bars. The degree of vegetation development in each sand bar agreed with the order of successional stage observed in this study area.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Objectives : The consumption of licorice is large in Korea, but domestic production is insufficient due to the lack of adaptability. This study aimed to provide a morphological basis for adding interspecific hybrid licorice with improved adaptability to pharmacopoeia. Methods : This study was to establish identification criteria for the original plants, external and internal morphology of the authentic herbal medicines (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra and G. inflata), market products and artificially interspecific hybrid forms of licorice. For this purpose, previous studies were investigated and visual and histological observations were carried out. We focused on the internal morphology by microscopic observation for securing objectivity. Finally, we proposed the identification keys for precise classification of each part. Results : 1) Original plant : Licorice species in the compendium were distinguished by the number of leaflets, presence of hair on the fruit, curvature and swelling of the fruit. 2) External morphology : Licorice species were distinguished by degree of powderiness, tearing gap, radial structure in the cross section and existence of protrusion of outer epidermis. 3) Internal morphology : Licorice species were distinguished by the degree of development of phloem fiber bundle, development of obliterated sieve, whether the secondary medullary ray are branched. In the case of interspecific hybrids, the characteristics of both species used for hybridization were mixed in all observation methods. Conclusions : These results suggest that the interspecific crossbred licorice is suitable for the pharmacopoeial standard. Therefore, it can be applied as a herbal medicine through additional supplementary study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.434-440
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• 1998

Seven hybrid lines of Leucaena leucocephala $\times$ L. diversifolia and two control lines of L. leucocephala were compared for their adaptation to acid-soils and tolerance to damage by the psyllid, Heteropsyla cubana, at four locations over two years in Peninsular Malaysia. Primary data on leaf composition and in vitro digestibility (nutrition variables) and secondary data on plant height, stem girth and psyllid damage (agronomy variables) were the measures of performance. Cluster solutions of the nine lines were different within locations, between locations and between years for nutrition and agronomy variables. Controls and hybrids did not cluster separately. Principal component scores of the nine lines gave rank orders which were different by location and by year. No performance trend could be detected between hybrids and controls. The conclusion is that nutritional and agronomic characteristics in Leucaena are independent, soil composition and weather did not consistently affect performance, and evidence is inconclusive as to the benefits of interspecific crossing with L. diversifolia.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제21권1_4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1978

광농의 야초지 식생에 100개의 방형구를 설치하여 출현종을 조사한 결과 96종이 기록되었으나, 5개의 방형구 미만에서 출현한 종은 제외시키고, 40종만을 대상으로 삼았으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 중간의 유연관계를 Agnew의 방법으로 처리하여 식물군집을 Group I, II, III 와 3 group으로 나눌 수 있었다. 2) Goodall의 제층분류법에 의해 Group A,B,C,D,E,F 인 6개의 식물군집을 얻었다. 3) (1)에서 얻은 Group I,II,III 을 (2)의 A,B,C,D,E,F 와 대응시켜 빈도의 총합을 비교하였으나, 뚜렷한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권4호
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• pp.379-391
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 문수산 옥석산 일대의 현존 산림식생을 대상으로 2008년 5월부터 9월까지 식물사회학적으로 조사하고, 식물군락의 종조성과 구조적 특성, 입지요인 및 종간 상관관계를 구명하여 산림식생의 생태적 정보의 축적과 동시에 합리적이고 과학적인 산림자원관리를 위한 기초자료의 제공목적에 바탕을 두었다. 이를 위하여 문수산 옥석산 일대에 총 105개소의 산림식생조사자료를 토대로 Z-M 식물사회학적방법에 의해 식생유형분류를 수행하였던 바 총 10개의 식생단위로 분류되었으며, 최상위 수준에서 신갈나무군락군이 분류되었고, 군락단위에서는 금강소나무군락, 산수국군락, 갯버들군락, 잣나무군락, 일본잎갈나무군락이 분류되었다. 금강소나무군락은 군단위에서 꼬리진달래군, 굴참나무군, 금강소나무전형군의 3개 군이 세분되었고, 산수국군락은 곰취군, 물참대군의 2개 군으로 세분되었으며, 물참대군은 다시 가래나무소군, 개벚지나무소군, 작살나무소군의 3개 소군으로 세분되었다. 또한 각 식생단위는 해발고와 지형에 높은 상관관계를 가지고 있었으며, 종의 연관관계에 의하여 3개 유형으로 구분되었고, 이는 식생단위의 식별종 및 표징종과 일치하는 경향이었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.106-127
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• 2010

최근 생태환경 조성을 위한 다층구조 식재는 식생복원 등 환경사업뿐만 아니라 군락식재의 방법으로서 활용이 확산되고 있으나, 실제 조경 식재 설계에 있어 다층식재 기법을 활용하는 데에는 어려움이 있었다. 본 연구는 서울지역의 숲 구조를 분석하여 다층식재 시 활용 가능한 기초적 다층 식재모델 개발을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 생태분석프로그램인 PC ORD 4.0(MjM Soft, 2002) 프로그램을 활용, ISA(Indicator Species Analysis) 분석을 통한 적정 군집수를 설정하여 군집분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 상수리나무군락, 신갈나무-팔배나무군락, 소나무-리기다소나무군락, 신갈나무-진달래군락, 선갈나무-노간주나무군락, 소나무-진달래군락, 선갈나무-철쭉나무군락 등의 7개의 자연 식생군락으로 분석되었다. 그리고 대상지에 출현한 빈도 10% 이상의 식물종간의 종간친화력 검정을 통하여, 자연식생에서의 수반종과 함께 수급 및 유통이 가능한 대체 유사종을 제시함으로써 활용도를 높였다. 위의 결과를 종합한 7개 자연식생군락을 기초로 하여, 군락 내 종간 친화력이 있는 식물종을 재선정하여 조경 식재 설계 시 활용할 수 있는 다층식재 모델을 제안하였다. 개발된 다층식재 모델은 변환우점도 값의 평균값을 기준으로 하여 평균 목표피도를 제시함으로써 식재설계 시 폭넓게 응용할 수 있도록 하였다.