• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.143-174
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• 2024

This paper empirically examines the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of Korean manufacturing firms and the servicification of domestic employment using a firm-level panel data. In this study, considering the issue of low productivity in the Korean service sector, we categorize service employment into core and non-core services and investigate their relationship with OFDI using the firm-fixed effects model. The empirical results show that the share of core service employment exhibits a positive correlation with the extensive OFDI. On the other hand, the share of non-core service employment, which is expected to generate relatively low value-added, does not show a significant relationship with the extensive OFDI. When we divide the samples based on host countries and the type of subsidiaries, the impact on servicification varies depending on the technological capabilities of host countries and their participation in global value chains. Our study suggests that Korean manufacturing firm's internationalization strategies may facilitate a transition from labor-intensive employment, like the cases in advanced countries, to technology-intensive employment through OFDI and other means.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.183-214
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• 2009

We identify key theoretical approaches, constructs, and primary variables of interest that exist in the foreign market entry mode articles. This provides fertile ground for continued development in our foreign market entry mode research. Using the integrated framework, this paper examines the determinants of foreign market entry mode choice by Korean firms and the impact of the entry mode choice on performance in a unified model. Using a database of KIS-VALUE in Korea from 2003 to 2005, we find that the hypothesized effects of related factors on entry modes are partially supported.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2004

While the bilateral trade volume between China and U.S. has been growing rapidly, the trade deficits of U.S. to China has also been expanding. This growing trade deficit of U.S. to China has several reasons: the increase of foreign direct investment to China, the transfer of trade deficit origins, the intervention of U.S. domestic politics to China-U.S. trade relations, and U.S. direct control on export to China. However, the increased U.S. trade deficit to China does not mean that U.S. is in a disadvantaged position in its economic relations with China, or its international competitiveness is deteriorating. When U.S. surplus in service trade to China is included, the picture would be very different. Also, as internationalization progresses and China's industrial structure adjusts, the trade deficit of U.S. to China would narrow.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2018

The concept of soft power presents both theoretical and practical difficulties for researchers and policy makers. This essay examines the practical use of soft power and argues that soft power resources in education are important for attracting individuals to migrate between countries and assimilate to the new language and culture of the new location. Japan's attempts to utilize soft power resources in its educational system have provided mixed results dependent on the target population. Japan has successfully attracted individuals into fields related to higher education much more so than skilled labor programs. This essay discusses the importance of educational soft power resources in Japanese strategy to increase educated working population that is assimilated to Japanese language and culture. After reviewing the literature on soft power in Asia, and Japanese cultural integration policies, the essay examines three cases of Japanese educational soft power - the JET Programme, the caregiver-training program, and internationalization of university programs. In addition, the essay shows that Japan is more successful attracting higher educated individuals seeking higher paying employment rather than skilled labor through these programs.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.417-437
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• 2008

Korean firms have had a short history of foreign direct investment and export in China market entry. This present study empirically analyzed determinants of the choice of foreign market entry modes, Particularly forcusing on the China market entry on Korean manufacture firms. This study developed a research model to determinant factor in the China market entry and collected 77 survey responses from the Korean manufacture firms. This study model construct in the third factor, China market character, company character and product character. In China market character, the variance are China trade barrier, culture different, competition power. The variance in company character are internationalization experience, enterprise rage and entry motivation. Also the variance in product character are product different, customer service and cost advantage. It is researcher's main interest that which type of China market entry format brought most positive evaluation form the Korean manufacture firms. therefor, these research results turned out to be different a little both export and direct investment in China market of Korean manufacture firms.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.365-386
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 문헌정보학 분야 주요 4개 학회(한국도서관·정보학회, 한국문헌정보학회, 한국비블리아학회, 한국정보관리학회)에 소속된 학회원들을 대상으로 학회에서 발간, 운영하는 학술지와 학술행사에 대한 인식을 조사하여 발전방안을 도출하는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 문헌정보학 전반을 다루는 학술지의 품질, 종수, 심사, 출판·유통, 독자층, 현장성, 학제성, 국제화, 차별화를 비롯하여 학술행사에 대한 참여·불참 이유, 목적 달성 정도, 학술행사 간 차별화, 공동학술대회 활성화 방안 등에 대한 학회원 대상 설문조사를 실시하였다. 총 197명의 학회원이 설문 응답을 완료하였다. 설문조사 결과, 4개 학술지의 전반적인 품질은 양호하나, 심사, 출판·유통, 독자층 확대, 현장성 강화, 국제화 등에 대한 개선이 필요하며 학술지 간 차별화 전략이 필요한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 학술행사를 활성화하기 위해서는 학술적 및 사회적 측면을 두루 갖춘 대규모 공동학술대회를 기획하여 많은 연구자와 실무자의 참여를 유도해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 온라인 설문조사 연구 방법의 결과 보고를 중심으로 하고 있지만, 해외 학회 운영사례 조사결과와 2022년 12월에 개최된 공동학술대회에서 학회원들의 의견을 수렴하여 문헌정보학 학술지와 학술행사의 발전방안을 종합적으로 제시한 것에 의의가 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to seek various plans to maintain the advancement of the overseas and domestic employment scenario through a case analysis of the Japanese industry, which maintains domestic employment while promoting the overseas advancement of companies despite having a similar industrial structure as Korea. The study further intends to derive insightful implications for Japanese manufacturing companies and government policies. Research design, data, and methodology - We selected four companies from the Japanese manufacturing industry. Being companies that were successful in increasing the domestic employment scenario while advancing in overseas markets. We utilized several secondary data sources including Japanese newspapers and report literature. Results - Previous studies have shown a negative relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or offshoring and domestic employment. However, our results showed this relationship with respect to the Japanese manufacturing industry as follows: 1. FDI for developing overseas markets does not decrease domestic production. If Japanese companies change their strategy from exports to overseas production, there will be a consequent decrease in domestic employment of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). However, the local production that plans the sales expansion of a foreign market does not substitute domestic production. 2. Several case studies illustrate that, as the production of final goods is expanded in foreign countries, there is a corresponding increase in the export of intermediary goods from Japan. In this case, if the production process of Japanese companies is promoted in foreign markets, the amount of exported material and parts from Japan will consequently increase. 3. It is difficult to consider that the establishment of subsidiary companies in foreign countries by manufacturing companies for wholesale, retail, and services decreases domestic employment. This is because the international development of these industries needs expatriates, expatriate training organizations, and research and development (R&D) activities. 4. When there is overseas demand, the growth of local management activities is expected to increase the work of the overseas business department in the head office in Japan, if competitiveness can be secured for better localization and management speed. 5. The conversion of the domestic manufacturing industry into high value-added production is necessary. The relocation of domestic production to foreign markets decreases domestic employment. To prevent this, the upgradation of domestic production bases, including high value-added production, and R&D capability need to be strengthened. Technology-based companies must develop new technology, patents, processes, and so forth, which require extensive human resources for R&D. Conclusions - Domestic medium-sized companies that are capable of consistently supplying high value-added products should be actively encouraged to deploy into and develop overseas markets. Further, this paper considers the necessity of a guidance policy that provides suggestions for overseas deployment, by the initiation of the government, to companies that cannot do so due to the lack of foreign experience or decisions by the CEO, despite having the relevant capability and technologies to supply high value-added products.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2013

It is commonplace to refer to the Nordic countries of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland as a distinctive and homogenous welfare regime. As far as social housing is concerned, however, the institutional heritage of the respective countries significantly frames the ways in which social housing is understood, regulated and subsidized, and, in turn, how housing regimes respond to the general challenges to the national welfare states. The paper presents a historical institutionalist approach to understanding the diversity of regime responses in the modern era characterized by increasing marketization, welfare criticism and internationalization. The aim is to provide outside readers a theoretically guided empirical insight into Scandinavian social housing policy. The paper first lines up the core of the inbuilt argument of historical institutionalism in housing policy. Secondly, it briefly introduces the distinctive ideal typical features of the five housing regimes, which reveals the first internal distinction between the universal policies of Sweden and Denmark selective policies of Iceland and Finland. The Norwegian case constitutes a transitional model from general to selective during the past quarter of a decade. The third section then concentrates on the differences between Denmark, Sweden and Norway in which social housing is, our was originally, embedded in a universal welfare policy targeting the general level of housing quality for the entire population. Differences stand out, however, between finance, ownership, regulation and governance. The historical institutional argument is, that these differences frame the way in which actors operating on the respective policy arenas can and do respond to challenges. Here, in this section we lose Norway, which de facto has come to operate in a residual manner, due to contemporary effects of the long historical heritage of home ownership. The fourth section then discusses the recent challenges of welfare criticism, internationalization and marketization to the universal models in Denmark and Sweden. Here, it is argued that the institutional differences between the Swedish model of municipal ownership and the Danish model of independent cooperative social housing associations provides different sources of resistance to the prospective dismantlement of social housing as we know it. The fifth section presents the recent Danish reform of the governance model of social housing policy in which the housing associations are conceived of as 'dialogue partners' in the local housing policy, expected to create solutions to, rather than produce problems in social housing areas. The reform testifies to the strategic ability of the Danish social housing associations to employ their historically grounded institutional relative independence of the public system.

• 비교교육연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.83-106
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• 2018

본 연구는 영국 대학들의 고등교육 프랜차이즈 운영 및 질 관리 실태를 분석할 목적으로 수행되었다. 영국의 중부랭카셔대학, 리버풀존무어스대학, 런던메트로폴리탄대학의 사례를 프로그램 운영 배경, 협력 내용 및 운영형태, 추진체계 및 절차, 품질관리라는 4개 영역을 토대로 분석한 결과, 주요 특징은 다음과 같이 밝혀졌다. 첫째, 영국 대학들의 프랜차이즈 방식 교육과정 공동운영은 학생 자원과 재정의 확보라는 영국 대학의 관심과 국제화 및 위상 제고라는 파트너 대학의 관심이 호혜적으로 반영된 것이다. 둘째, 협력 분야는 영국 대학의 강점 분야와 파트너 대학의 필요에 따라 결정되었으며 영국 대학의 자율성에 힘입어 운영 형태와 학위수여 방식은 다양화되어 있다. 셋째, 프랜차이즈 운영의 투명성과 타당성 확보를 위한 추진체계가 중층적으로 구성되어 있으며, 프로그램 도입 단계에서 대학 본부의 지원이 체계적으로 제공된다. 넷째, 영국 대학들은 본교와 동일한 품질의 교육서비스를 파트너 대학에 제공하기 위해 엄격한 자체 품질관리를 시행하고 있으며 그 과정에서 고등교육질보장청(QAA)은 중요한 안내 역할을 수행한다. 이상 연구 결과를 토대로 고등교육 프랜차이즈에 관심을 가진 우리나라 대학들과 정부가 해외진출 시 유념할 시사점을 도출하여 제시하였다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2008

2012 여수세계박람회의 개최 확정으로 여수, 순천, 그리고 광양을 포함한 광양만권이 지역경제 발전이라는 새로운 희망을 안게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 여수세계박람회가 광양만권 지역경제에 미치는 긍정적 효과들을 분석해보고, 이들 효과를 지역차원에서 극대화할 수 있는 실천적 방안들을 제시하였다. 먼저 여수세계박람회가 광양만권에 미칠 수 있는 직접적인 경제효과로서 총 12조673억원의 지역 내 GDP 증가와 9만7,842명의 고용창출 효과를 들 수 있으며, 사회간접자본 확충과 이에 따른 광양만권경제자유구역 활성화 및 광양항 물동량 증가 등의 파급효과를 기대할 수 있다. 아울러 여수세계박람회를 통해 광양만권 개발이 가속화될 뿐만 아니라 지역이미지 개선에 따른 도시국제화가 촉진됨으로써 장기적으로 지역경제가 크게 발전될 것으로 예상된다. 이와 같은 세계박람회의 다양한 경제적 효과들을 극대화하기 위해 본 연구는 지역차원에서 실천 가능한 전략적 방안들을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 먼저 박람회의 차별화 된 주제를 실현할 수 있도록 지역특유의 차별적 문화유산 개발 등과 같은 다양한 아이디어를 창출하고 실행해야 한다. 그리고 지역발전과 함께 도시국제화를 폭진시킬 수 있는 가장 효과적 항법 중의 하나인 외국인 및 외국기업 유치 활성화를 위한 정주인프라 구축이 필요하다. 아울러 박람회와 자연관광을 연계한 체험 위주의 관광프로그램을 전략적으로 개발하여 국내외 관광객을 성공적으로 유치해야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 박람회의 성공적 개최를 위해 대중매체 외 비대중매체인 해외 문화공연과 봉사활동 등 다양한 홍보전략을 지방자치단체 차원에서 계획적으로 수립할 필요가 있다.