• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

The road sign is one of street furnitures functioning to guide directions for drivers. The road sign should be employed and designed to help drivers find their destinations easily and accurately. It is obvious that the road sign is one of the main components that enhance efficiency and safety of driving environments. The current way of guiding strategy at road signs in Korea is a system for mainly guiding 'points' although a new system guiding 'road names' and 'street numbers' with the introduction of new address system is now being introduced on urban areas. When the regional territory management offices and local governments try to employ current road sign systems, they are supposed to follow the sign regulations which contains standard project processes, selection methods of guiding points, character size and design, and location selection for each road sign. However, the current road sign regulations are very complex to understand and unclear for a person in charge to do tasks described above. Especially, selection process and criteria of guiding points are cumbersome and controversial. Furthermore, non sufficient ways of selecting guiding points considering road functions and geographic characteristics decrease the connectivity of guiding points. This study develops enhanced ways of increasing connectivity of successive guiding points through three case studies. Developed ways will help highway agencies and officials understand how to improve the connectivity of road signs.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.281-292
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• 2008

In Korea-LTPP(Long Tenn Pavement Performance) project, the full depth asphalt pavement test sections are constructed on the national highway to evaluate the structural capacity of asphalt pavement reinforced with glass fiber. Truck loading test and FWD test were performed to measure the structural capacity of test sections. Test results showed that the reinforcement of glass fiber installed at between surface and intermediate asphalt layer decreased the strain at the bottom of surface layer and moved up the stress neutral axis in asphalt layer. As a result, the tensile stress was developed at the bottom of intermediate asphalt layer of reinforced asphalt pavement, while the compressive stress was developed at the bottom of intermediate asphalt layer of unreinforced asphalt pavement. On the other hand, the tensile strain at the bottom of asphalt base layer didn't show a difference between glass fiber reinforced and unreinforced pavements. From the FWD test, it was shown that the surface deflection of asphalt pavement reinforced with glass fiber decreased 24 percents comparing to that of unreinforced asphalt pavement. This shows that the reinforcement with glass fiber appears to improve the rutting resistance of asphalt pavement.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.78-90
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• 2016

This report is to introduce detail processes during the restoration/revision project for the Korean Standard Methods for Marine Environment. The processes are composed of 3 steps: questionaries, QA/QC confirming step by CRM(Certified Reference Materials), and advisory council by specialists. The questionaries required four main topics to be included to the restoration/revision protocol: 1. the guidelines to sampling, transportation, storage, and pre-analytical procedures for the marine specimens, 2. the unified analytical method, especially for the organic compounds, 3. the QA/QC test requirement for CRM, 4. introduction of diverse analytical instruments, 5. the customer- friendly express of the protocol. Based on these new protocol, we expect two most important effects: 1, increased insurance of international credibility and equivalence by the QA/QC procedures, 2. increased conformability and representatively from wide-spread use of the protocol. Finally we suggested several residual topics remained to the inter-government cooperation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.232-239
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• 2001

Young Jong Grand Bridge is approach traffic road of New Inchon International Airport which covers hub airport function in northeast asia. The total span length of this bridge is $4,420{\cal}m$ and this main bridge type is, the first in the world, Double Deck Self Anchored Suspension Bridge, designed as double deck systems to be arranged by road and railroad. Approach bridges to be connected with main span also are composed double deck steel truss and steel box girder to consider a continuity with this span. Our company erected $1,375{\cal}m$(about 60,000tons) of double deck steel truss bridge type which is composed by 6 traffic lane on upper deck and 4 traffic lane and Double track railroad on lower deck. The original installation method of this bridge was planed to install about 75 meters bridge blocks to use floating crane, after temporary bent was constructed between permanent piers. But this method which had to construct many temporary bents in the sea had the matter that construction periods can become lengthen and construction cost can be risen. To overcome the uncertainty to ensure high qualify of bridge and economic project execution, our company developed new bridge erection method to assure both quality control and economic construction work. The new erection method which was developed by us was one that could transport and install long bridge block, $120{\cal}m$ unit at a time and that temporary bent was not required. We hope that this paper is used as technical data which will erect bridge in the western sea and others marine region.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.140-147
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• 2012

Climate changes caused by fossil fuel energy usages have led to serious environmental damages and resource scarcity. Ever-increasing demand for energy causes harsh competition in international energy markets. Nuclear power, which once was regarded as a desirable clean energy, began to face public oppositions after the Japanese nuclear disaster in 2011. In this context, wind power is now considered to be an ever-more important recyclable energy source. Thus, this study intended to identify critical success factors for wind power construction projects. After a thorough literature review, two focus group interview sessions were conducted. A questionnaire-based survey, coupled with the two previous methods, resulted in the extraction of important factors for the success of wind power projects. Experts, including those working as constructors, designers, and owners, were paid a direct visit for the interview and survey. The critical success factors were categorized into feasibility study, right policies, equipment selection, and project financing issues. The proposed critical success factors are expected to be an effective guideline for future investors in wind powers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2020

Background: The burden of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease (PD) is increasing globally. To understand the treatment outcomes and prognosis of NTM-PD, a unified registry is needed. In this project, we aim to construct a multicenter prospective observational cohort with NTM-PD in South Korea (NTM-KOREA). Methods: The primary objective of this study is to analyze treatment outcomes according to the species. In addition, recurrence rate, adverse events, the impact of each drug on treatment outcomes as well as the impact of characteristics of mycobacteriology will be analyzed. The inclusion criteria for the study are as follows: fulfilling the criteria for NTM-PD having one of the following etiologic organisms: Mycobacterium avium complex, M. abscessus subspecies abscessus, M. abscessus subspecies massiliense, or M. kansasii; receiving the first treatment for NTM-PD after enrollment; age >20 years; and consenting to participate in the study. Seven institutions will participate in patient enrollment and about 500 patients are expected to be enrolled. Participants will be recruited from 1 March 2020 until 19 March 2024 and will be observed through 19 March 2029. During the follow-up period, participants' clinical course will be tracked and their clinical data as well as NTM isolates will be collected. Conclusion: NTM-KOREA will be the first nationwide observational cohort for NTM-PD in South Korea. It will provide the information to optimize treatment modalities and will contribute to deeper understanding of the treatment outcomes and long-term prognosis of patients with NTM-PD in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.387-397
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• 2015

In this paper, the determinants of the number of job changes in the SMEs (small and medium enterprises) youth-intern project is analysed, utilizing SMEs youth-intern DB and employment insurance DB. Since the number of job changes are count data which take integer values other than negative values, general linear regression analysis becomes inappropriate. Therefore, four models such as Poisson regression model, zero inflated Poisson regression model, negative binomial regression model and zero inflated negative binomial regression model are tried to fit count data. A zero inflated negative binomial regression model is selected to be the best model. Major results are the followings. First, the number of job changes is shown to be significantly smaller in the treatment group than in the control group. Second, the number of job changes turns out to be significantly smaller in the young-age group than in the old-age group. Third, it is also shown that the number of job changes of man is significantly greater than that of woman. Lastly, the number of job changes in the bigger firm is shown to be significantly less than that of the smaller firm.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.97-118
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• 1999

Ever since China adopted a free market economy, it has been basking in unprecedented economic growth. It has now emerged as one of the most promising markets in the world for the near future. The purpose of this study was to investigate of Chinese and Korea college female students's cognitive body type and to suggest basic informations for high quality clothing merchandising for china export. The subjects in this study were 430 college female students, aged from 18 to 24 living in Beijing(215) and Seoul(215). The survey were taken from June to July, 1999. SAS(Statistical Analysis System) is used for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, χ²-test. The results of this study are as follows. The 90% of Chinese collge female students has under 4000 yuan for monthly income, and they consume less than 1000 yuan for clothing purchasing for one year. About 42% chinese students are interested in controlling of physical body shape. The Korean college female students has from 1,000,000 won to 10,000,000 won for monthly income, and the 84% of them consume less than 1,000,000 for clothing purchasing for one year. It represents of economical difference between China and Korea. Examination on the Korean and Chinese self-perception on obesity of the body as a whole showed that both groups perceived themselves as normal or slightly overweight. More Korean respondents regarded their weight as normal than the Chinese did. The Chinese female college students perceived themselves rather overweight, and held a lower satisfaction level about their physical construction. While the Korean female college students showed low satisfaction level about specific bodily parts, they held a normal level of satisfaction about their physical construction as a whole. It is noteworthy that more Chinese respondents generally held lower satisfaction impressions about their physical construction than their Korean counterparts. It is needed to different merchandising project for export clothing in China.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.71-96
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• 2010

This article firstly reviewed Permanent Established(PE) concept of OECD and UN model tax treaty and compared it with that of Korean Corporate Income Tax Law(CITL). The various factors regarding profit like ways of deciding the local source profit, scope and calculation method which will be imputed to PE were also reviewed. Based on above, standard PE judgement basis and calculation method of local source profit were also studied by using actual cases in foreign corporation which performs plant construction & sales in Korea. Accordingly to properly solve the conflict regarding international tax and to protect the tax authority against the foreign corporation in Korea, by standing on equality, I now propose followings for the better concept of PE in Korea. Firstly, the article that a building site or construction or installation project constitutes a PE only if it lasts more than 6 months should be modified to reflect OECD model convention's criteria of 12 months. Second, the scope of 'subordinate attorney' which is regarded as PE under CITL is now including 'holding-delivery attorney', 'order attorney', and 'assurance attorney' as well as 'contract attorney'. This is overly limit the activities of foreign corporation. It had better be loosened only to include 'contract attorney' as OECD provisions. Third, the CITL limits the cases of preparatory and/or auxiliary place which is not regarded as PE, thus limit the foreign corporations' business by expanding the concept of PE. This had better be eased. Fourth, in deciding the amount of local source profits, the CITL stipulates to split the profits by the relevant contribution of transaction parties through 'profit split method'. To solve the conflict, the ways of profit split must be better clarified through providing object and detailed standard and basis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.446-457
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• 2012

Recently, BIM(Building Information Modeling),which has been an issue in construction work, has been focused on as a new alternative of building industry for way out of crisis by slowing down and decreasing of orders in construction industry. Research for introducing BIM to the architectural field is already proceeding actively at home and abroad. However, civil engineering is so nonrecurring, horizontal, and different from regular construction works that it a large amount of information occurs because of wide range of project, which causes construction firms and design engineers to have some questions whether their initial investment cost would work or not and feel uncomfortable with the cost. In this study, technology level in engineering firms were surveyed for adapting BIM to domestic civil engineering. Development direction of BIM standard information model was drawn through awareness change analysis of BIM in civil engineering, as well. Deduced development direction is composed of guide development, system development, deliverable check and international standard proposal. The outcome will be employed as preliminary data for the study on development of infrastructure BIM standard and deliverable check system in civil engineering.