• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.499-509
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• 2013

Seafarers are one of the main engines driving economic growth in the maritime sector. The International Maritime (IMO) Organization estimated that there were approximately 1.5 million seafarers around the world engaged in international trade in 2012. Data have shown that human casualties in maritime accidents around Japan have shown an increasing trend over the last ten years. One cause is human error, which is inseparable from the human element that influences mariner's decisions and actions. The Personal Identification (PIN) Safe method is one way to systematically identify substandard and unsafe actions by considering the error taxonomies associated with various scenarios for a maritime system. The results are based on analysis of the role of the human element in commonly reported unsafe actions when interacting with equipment and other systems. Furthermore, patterns of influencing shaping factors were observed on the basis of data processing; the aim of this study was to promote safety culture and provide an opportunity to improve safety at sea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2021

Logistics movement using ships has been used for many centuries, but maritime accidents are still difficult to predict and they occur on a large scale. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) made it mandatory to install Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) for safe seas, but S-57 standards applied to equipment were not updated over 30 years. In addition, it is difficult to keep the equipment up-to-date and revise standards as ships move around the world. In consideration of the limitations of S-57, the IHO developed the new standard as S-100 rather than an update of the S-57. In this study, the previously developed S-100 tool and S/W were configured as one platform and applied to the S-100 ECDIS. The platform conducts as the S-100 cycle and ecosystem from the creation of standards to release and practical use in ships. The hydrographic information standard is machine-readable as defined in S-100, and it has been validated that the latest standard can be applied using the Plug and Play (PnP) function without software system updates. It is expected that international organization such as the International Hydrographic Office (IHO) and the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) shall develop and release standards and mariners can easily apply the latest standards to equipment through the machine-readable platform.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.397-405
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• 2023

As interest in greenhouse gas reduction has increased in all sectors, the discussion of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to regulate pollution by ships is attracting attention in international shipping. At the 80th IMO MEPC held in July 2023, the 「2023 IMO Strategy for the Reduction of Green House Gases from Ships (MEPC. 377(80))」 was adopted, which included the net-zero target around 2050, and a firm intention to the decarbonization of the international shipping sector showed. In particular, energy, fuel and technology targets for zero or near-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 were added as new targets, and total greenhouse gas emission checkpoints for 2030 and 2040 were added as an indicator for achieving the 2050 target. The IMO's goal setting for 2030, which is about seven years away, will impose a lot of technical, economic, and political burden despite the decarbonization technology of international shipping, which has grown to a significant level in a short period of time. Accordingly, this paper presents the comprehensive impact of the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy on international shipping.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.204-211
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• 2021

The Maritime Domain Awareness system is a component that is necessary to enhance the awareness of all situations occurring at sea in relation to security, safety, economy, and the environment. To establish a marine situation recognition system that is currently being introduced in major maritime countries after approval by the International Maritime Organization's Maritime Safety Committee in 2010, operational measures should be established. For the purpose of establishing a technological foundation for the efficient construction of a Korean maritime situation recognition system, this study analyzed the status of each system (RADAR, VHF, and V-PASS, etc.) and proposed the application of data and communication standards.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

In this paper, advanced evacuation analysis simulation on a passenger ship is performed. Velocity based model has been implemented and used to calculate the movement of the individual passengers under the evacuation situation. The age and gender of each passenger are considered as the factors of walking speed. Flocking algorithm is applied for the passenger's group behavior. Penalty walking velocity is introduced to avoid collision between the passengers and obstacles, and to prevent the position overlap among passengers. Application of flocking algorithm and penalty walking velocity to evacuation simulation is verified through implementation of the 11 test problems in IMO (International Maritime Organization) MSC (Maritime Safety Committee) Circulation 1238.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.134-136
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• 2019

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) issued 2017 Guidelines on maritime cyber risk management. In accordance with IMO's maritime cyber risk management guidelines, each flag State is required to comply with the Safety Management System (SMS) of the International Safety Management Code (ISM) that the cyber risks should be integrated and managed before the first annual audit following January 1, 2021. In this paper, to identify cyber security management targets and risk factors in the maritime sector and to conduct vulnerability analysis, we catagorized the cyber security sector in management, technical and physical sector in maritime sector based on the industry guidelines and international standards proposed by IMO. In addition, the Risk Matrix was used to conduct a qualitative risk assessment according to risk factors by cyber security sector.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07b
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• pp.1266-1269
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• 2004

The introduction of invasive marine species into new environments by ship's ballast water, attached to ships' hulls and via other vectors has been identified as one of the four greatest threats to the world's oceans by Global Environment Facility (GEF). EMO (International Maritime Organization) is carrying out the international restriction of the effluence suppression and treatment of Ship's ballast water by Ballast Water Management Convention. In this paper, to deal with this international restriction convention and to consider economic potential of ship's ballaster treatment market near future, the equipment and technology of ship's ballaster water treatment was studied.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2008

The General Conference of International Labour Organization adopted the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 which created a single, coherent instrument embodying as far as possible all up-to-date standards of existing international maritime Conventions and Recommendations in its Ninety-fourth session on 23 February 2006. This Convention prescribes the social security for seafarers in the Regulation 4.5 in the Title 4. Regulation 4.1-Medical care on board ship and ashore and Regulation 4.2-Shipowner's liability are related to social security for seafarers. For the purpose of ratifying this Convention in our country, first of all, it is necessary to review the domestic laws and regulations concerned whether they fulfill or not the requirements of the Convention and have to make preparation insufficient sections. Therefore, this paper aims to find out different regulations between the domestic law and the Convention, as to be able to accept the requirements regarding the social security of the Convention, also suggest the solution on problems derived in this process.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.153-157
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• 2006

The General Conference of International Labour Organization adopted the Maritime Labour Convention on 23 February 2006 in Geneva, Swiss and it is. composed of four structures of Preamble and Articles, Regulations, Code A and Code B. According, in the preparation of future enforcement, amendments to the Seamen Act, etc. and relevant regulations are needed and regarding issue of the Maritime Labour Certificate and preparation of The Declaration of Labour Compliance, relevant law and regulation for Recognized Organization and training for related persons, etc. should be established.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

A review of the 2nd generation of intact stability by the International Maritime Organization is performed. The main issues with the new stability criteria are reviewed. In particular, the physical background and related mathematical formulations of the pure loss of stability and parametric roll are summarized. Based on a literature review, benchmark calculation results for 17 different types of ships are discussed, and the final results are in excellent agreement with our physical expectations. Some relatively serious design problems are found in the application of the new stability criteria to sample ships built in Korea, and possible technical solutions are proposed, which have to be improved in the coming years.