• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2021

Identifying which international maritime legal instruments are mandatory or recommendatory is complicated task even for maritime regulatory bodies. Although International Maritime Organization (IMO) had tried to ease the complexity by adopting guidelines on uniform wordings for making reference to other instruments in IMO parent conventions, there has still been some confusion identifying the mandatory status of IMO instruments. The aim of this study was to map out a step-based guideline to resolve the complexity of the mandatory status of IMO instruments to the maximum extent possible. This study reviewed the history of IMO rule-making process to find the root cause of the problem, then analyzed the approaches of regulatory enforcement bodies to check the practices. In conclusion, readers are directed to find such information as to legal status of IMO instruments and an improvement is proposed to enhance the transparency of information sharing for maritime industry to make better informed decisions.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2024

In this paper, we survey recent trends of International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) organizations such as the International Committee on GNSS (ICG), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Maritime Organization (IMO), and International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and investigate their impact on the maritime and aviation sectors. Each international organization promotes international cooperation, improvement of service quality, assurance of security, compliance with international regulations, and technological innovation and development. ICG develops a variety of satellite navigation enhancement systems. ICAO establishes international aviation regulations and standards to enhance aviation safety and security. IMO establishes international shipping conventions and rules to protect and regulate the shipping environment. Lastly, ITU establishes international communication regulations and standards. Investigation of such international organizations plays an important role in increasing the efficiency and reliability of GNSS systems. Each international organization promotes international cooperation, improvement of service quality, assurance of security, compliance with international regulations, and technological innovation and development. In the future, interoperability and compatibility with new satellite navigation systems and other GNSS and satellite navigation enhancement systems must be secured, so and thus investigation of international organizations must be conducted first.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2022

The targets of cyber-attacks are not limited to the websites and internal IT systems of shipping agencies. Ships and ports have become important targets for cyber attackers. This paper examines the current state of ship network security, introduces the International Maritime Organization's resolution on ship network security management, and summarizing the cyber-attacks in maritime so the readers can have a general understanding of maritime environment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2017

The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (hereafter "BWM Convention") will be enforced beginning on September 8, 2017. Even though the STCW Convention (International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers) and other international instruments require all ship personnel be qualified under certain competencies and standards, the International Maritime Organization (hereafter "IMO") has no unified requirements for training ship personnel on ballast water management. When the BWM Convention enters into force, all officers and crew on board ships should be intimately familiar with the guidelines and procedures outlined by the BWM Convention, regarding, among other topics, proper record keeping techniques and measures, the layout of the ballast control system, methods of ballast water exchange, and inspections by the port state control. To ensure that officers and crew members are adequately familiar, this paper proposes new competency requirements for ballast water management training and education to be added to the STCW Code. To support the introduction of these new competency requirements, this paper explores the evolution of the BWM Convention and examines how international regulations will be used to implement it.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.192-194
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• 2019

The number of women seafarers around the world is 2%, and about 30% of women in the shipping industry. International organizations are making efforts in various ways to advance women in the maritime industry. This study provides recent information about the International Maritime Organization(IMO)'s new programme as IMO focuses on women in maritime during 2019, under the World Maritime Day theme "Empowering Women in the Maritime Community".

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제2권S1호
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• pp.53-73
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• 1996

Almost of all the impediments to enchancing ship safety and preventing vessel-source marine pollution arise from the interaction between direct and indirect factors. The direct factors come from human errores and failure in complince with the international convention standards for the operation of vessels. The indirect factors derive from the will and attitudes of the countries taking little responsibilities with appropriate seriousness for policing their fleets. By focusing in these aspects, this paper intends to propose a new international regime to improve the implementation capability of national maritime administration of each member government of IMO(International Maritime Organization).

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2017년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.55-55
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• 2017

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2016

해양안전 및 환경보호를 목적으로 하는 국제해사기구(IMO)의 결의서와 협약은 우리나라의 조선업과 해운업에 직접적인 영향을 끼쳐왔기 때문에 산 학 관 협업으로 IMO 의제를 다루기 위한 전문 기관을 설립할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 기존의 관련 조직과 기능을 새로운 조직으로 통합함으로써 연구원 40명 규모의 '국제해사협력센터'를 설립하고 한국해양수산개발원에 위탁 운영하는 방안을 제시하였다. 조직 운영에 필요한 예산 규모를 산출하고 민간과 공공부문으로부터 재정확보를 위한 현실성 있는 방안 제시와 함께 조직의 영속성 확보를 위해 해사안전법 개정을 제안하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 Asia Navigation Conference
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• pp.166-175
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• 2006

Since many years ago and in spite of the existence of national regulations and international conventions ratified by the countries that are conformed the Central American Region (CAR), the seagoing maritime sector of this Region, has developed its activity without any type of safety measures. Therefore, a large number of people are known to die, disappear and suffer from serious injuries each year. These maritime casualties devastate the families affected by these events, and severely impact the local social and economic well-being. While all these accidents occurred in this Region, non government or any other official records are available recording these casualties Due to the lack of any historical written reports about maritime casualties occurred in this Region, the compilation of this type of accidents information and data was carried out directly by the researchers in the field. Also, all the information about the CAR Maritime Organization Components was too compiled by the authors from the respective National Maritimes Authorities. From the compiled information was elaborated the CAR maritime casualties data base and from the analysis of the above data base were determined the main causes of the maritime accidents occurred in the CAR. The lack of safety measures onboard and the ignorance of the presence and influence of atmospheric phenomena were among main factors that had been caused the maritime casualties in this Region. By other hand, from the analysis of the CAR maritime organization components, the existence of one level of organization very similar among them was determinate. The objective of this research was to analyze the role of the CAR maritime organization in the prevention of the occurrence of maritime casualties. The results of this study provides general understanding of the causes of this type of accidents in the CAR and basis for support in improving safety navigation system and measures so that the number of fatalities and maritime accidents may be reduced in the future.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.362-368
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• 2016

최근 국제해사기구(International Maritime Organization, 이하 IMO) 해사안전위원회(Maritime Safety Committee, 이하 MSC) 제 93차 회의에서 ICS(International Chamber of Shipping) 및 IPTA(International Parcel Tankers Association)는 저유황유 수요 증가에 따른 연료유내 희석제의 사용량 증가 문제, 저인화점 연료유 사용 시 기관실내 연료유 기화에 의한 점화 문제, 선박 엔진 손상을 일으키는 연료유 등에 대해 보고하였다. 연료유 품질 문제와 관련하여 IMO 사무국에서는 전 세계에 공급되는 선박용 연료유 품질 모니터링 기관을 지정하였고 공급된 연료유가 MARPOL Annex VI regulation 14.8 (황분함유량이 0.5 % 이하)에 만족하는지 결정하기 위한 통신작업반 (Correspondence group)을 구성하여 연료유 품질 문제에 대응하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 선박용 연료유의 품질 문제 제기 및 이에 대한 대응을 위해 국내외에서 이루어지는 연구에 도움을 줄 수 있는 기초연구를 수행하였다. 기초연구를 위해 싱가포르 항구에서 수급되는 실제 선박용 연료유(잔사유)의 기본품질 데이터를 수집하였으며, 기본품질 데이터를 통해 연료유의 품질기준 (ISO 8217:2012) 미달 비율, 밀도분포 경향, 총발열량 및 연료유 내 성분 간 상관관계 등을 포함한 분석들을 수행하였다.