• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2023

Welded hollow spherical joints are commonly used joints in space grid structures. An internal stiffener is generally adopted to strengthen the joints when large hollow spheres are used. To further strengthen it, external stiffeners can be used at the same time. In this study, axial compression tests are conducted on four full-scale 550 mm spherical joints. The failure modes and strengths of the tested joints are investigated. It shows that the external stiffeners are able to increase the strength of the joint up to 25%. A numerical model for large spherical joints with stiffeners is established and verified against the experimental results. Parametric studies are executed considering six main design factors using the verified model. It is found that the strength of the spherical joint increases as the thickness, height and number of the external stiffeners increase, and the hollow sphere's diameter has a neglectable effect on the enhancement caused by the external stiffeners. Based on the experimental and numerical results, a practical formula for the compressive bearing capacity of large welded hollow spherical joints with both internal and external stiffeners is proposed. The proposed formula gives a conservative prediction on the compressive capacity of large welded hollow spherical joints with both internal and external stiffeners.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.117-136
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• 2013

A field study of wind-induced internal pressures in a flexible and porous industrial warehouse with a single dominant opening, of various sizes for a range of moderate wind speeds and directions, is reported in this paper. Comparatively weak resonance of internal pressure for oblique windward opening situations, and hardly discernible at other wind directions, is attributed to the inherent leakage and flexibility in the envelope of the building in addition to the moderate wind speeds encountered during the tests. The measured internal pressures agree well with the theoretical predictions obtained by numerically simulating the analytical model of internal pressure for a porous and flexible building with a dominant opening. Ratios of the RMS and peak internal to opening external pressures obtained in the study are presented in a non-dimensional format along with other published full scale measurements and compared with the non-dimensional design equation proposed in recent literature.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2019

The non-linear equations governing wind-induced internal pressures for a two-compartment building with background leakage are linearized based on some reasonable assumptions. The explicit admittance functions for both building compartments are derived, and the equivalent damping coefficients of the coupling internal pressure system are iteratively obtained. The RMS values of the internal pressure coefficients calculated from the non-linear equations and linearized equations are compared. Results indicate that the linearized equations generally have good calculation precision when the porosity ratio is less than 20%. Parameters are analyzed on the explicit admittance functions. Results show that the peaks of the internal pressure in the compartment without an external opening (Compartment 2) are higher than that in the compartment with an external opening (Compartment 1) at lower Helmholtz frequency. By contrast, the resonance peak of the internal pressure in compartment 2 is lower than that in compartment 1 at higher Helmholtz frequencies.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.563-582
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• 2016

The failure mechanism and maximum collapse load of masonry structures may change significantly under static and dynamic excitations depending on their internal arrangement and material properties. Hence, it is important to understand correctly the nonlinear behavior of masonry structures in order to adequately assess their safety and propose efficient strengthening measures, especially for historical constructions. The discrete element method (DEM) can play an important role in these studies. This paper discusses possible collapse mechanisms and provides a set of parametric analyses by considering the influence of material properties and cross section morphologies on the out of plane strength of masonry walls. Detailed modeling of masonry structures may affect their mechanical strength and displacement capacity. In particular, the structural behavior of stacked and rubble masonry walls, portal frames, simple combinations of masonry piers and arches, and a real structure is discussed using DEM. It is further demonstrated that this structural analysis tool allows obtaining excellent results in the description of the nonlinear behavior of masonry structures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.935-941
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• 1997

저자들은 흉통을 주소로 내원한 53세 남자 환자에서 특발성 종격동 섬유증 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 소음진동
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2001

In this research, piezoelectric smart structures are applied for SEA(Statistical Energy Analysis), which is well known approach for high frequency analysis. A new input power measurement based on piezoelectric electrical power measurement is proposed and compared with the conventional method in SEA. As an example, a simple aluminum beam on which piezoelectric actuator is attached is considered. By measuring the electrical impedance and electrical current of the piezoelectric actuator, the electrical power given on the actuator is found and this is In turn converted into the mechanical energy. From the measured value of the stored energy of the beam, the Internal loss factor is calculated and this value shows a good agreement with that given by the conventional method as well as the theoretical value. To compare the coupling loss factor, L-shape beam system which consists of a aluminum beam subsystem and a steel beam subsystem coupled by three pin is taken as second example. The input power and stored energy of each subsystem are found by the proposed approach. The coupling loss factor found by the electrical input power obtained from the piezoelectric actuator exhibits similar trend to the value found by the conventional method as well as the theoretical value. In conclusion, the use of SEA for high frequency application of piezoelectric smart structures is Possible. Especially, the input power that is essential for SEA can be found accurately by measuring the electrical input power of the piezoelectric actuator.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2005년도 제25회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.46-55
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• 2005

For the sea-level performance test of rocket motor designed to operate in the upper atmosphere, ejectors with no induced secondary flow are generally used, which serves dual purposes of evacuating the test cell and performing as a supersonic exhaust diffuser (SED). The main concern of this research is to simulate starting transients in order to visualize evolution of internal shock structures in SED with different initial cell (vacuum chamber) pressures. RANS code with low Reynolds $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model was employed for these computations. Numerical results were compared with the pressure measurements previously performed [Proceedings of 2004 Annual Conference, KIMST], and showed good agreements with pressure-time history of measured data. In the case of low vacuum chamber pressure, abrupt impingement of the under-expanded supersonic jet from the nozzle onto the diffuser wall was observed, whereas initial impingement point was located downstream and moved slowly upstream in the case of non-vacuum chamber pressure. In spite of initially dissimilar evolution of shock structures, iso-mach contour revealed that the steady shock structures had little difference except the location of flow separation and normal shock.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 유연 외팔 구조물의 내부에 유체를 흐르게 함으로써 구조물의 진동을 억제시키는 방법을 제안한다. 안정성 해석과 동적 응답은 유한 요소법에 기초를 두었다. 근 궤적 선도에 있어서 플러터 한계와 최적 안정화 유속을 결정하였다. 진동의 감쇠를 관찰하기 위하여 모드 중첩법이 사용되었다. 시스템의 내부 흐름에 의한 안정화 효과는 구조물의 내부 감쇠를 무시한 경우와 포함한 경우의 임펄스 응답을 통하여 분석하였다. 내부 흐름은 기체의 경우보다도 액체의 경우가 더 큰 안정화 효과가 있다는 결론을 얻어냈다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2002

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in the genus Tricholoma was analyzed, including for its primary nucleotide sequence and secondary structural characterization. The secondary structures of the ITS2 region in the genus Tricholoma were identified for use in bioinformatic processes to study molecular evolution and compare secondary structures. Ten newly sequenced ITS regions were added to the analysis and submitted to the GenBank database. The resulting structure from a minimum energy algorithm indicated the four-domain model, as previously suggested by others. The conserved secondary structure of the ITS2 sequences of the genus Tricholoma exhibited certain unique features, including pyrimidine tracts in the loops of domain A and a complete structure containing four domains, with motifs identified in other ITS2 secondary structures. A phylogenetic tree was derived from sequence alignment based on the secondary structures. From the resulting maximum parsimonious tree, it was found that the species in the genus Tricholoma had evolved monophyletically and were composed of four groups, as supported by the bootstrapping values and pileus color.

• Composites Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2015

본 연구는 도로시설물에 적용될 수 있는 복합재료 지주구조에 대하여 실차 차량 충돌 시뮬레이션을 통한 동적 특성을 다룬다. 다양한 차량 충돌 속도에 대한 서로 다른 복합재료 물성의 영향을 LS-DYNA 유한요소 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 LS-DYNA 프로그램을 적용하여 기존의 강재 지주구조에 대한 유한 요소해석을 다양한 복합재료로 구성된 지주구조로 확장하여 적용하였다. 탑승자 안전성 평가를 기반으로 다양한 매개변수에 대한 수치해석 결과는 지주와 차량에서 발생하는 내부에너지를 비교 분석하여 규명하였다.