• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2013

In the commercial space, the modern consumers want to consume not only product but also culture. Thus, the modern commercial space tries to induce the customer's concern and purchase to the differentiated design. The introduction of this 'the natural element' delivers the pleasure and stability to the consumer buying process and availability is enlarged. Therefore, the purpose of study is gain that expression and characteristic method of the natural element in the commercial space. The detailed study method are as follows. First, the study looks into the natural element expression tendency in the modern space. Second, the expression type of the natural element was classified as 'Reappearance', 'Transformation', and 'Fuse' based on the preceding research. And according to the content of the expression type, subdivided method of 'Inclusion' and 'Replication' of 'Reappearance' and method of 'Imitation' and 'Association' of 'Transformation' and method of 'Juxtaposition' and 'Combine' of 'Fuse'. Third, the result of analyze the characteristic of expression of the natural element of the besides the commercial space case 20 place is as follows. First, 'Inclusion' of 'Reappearance' introduced the external scenery or planned garden as the inside through the opening. 'Replication' is used for decorative purposes or functional purposes as the natural element. 'Imitation' of 'Transformation' imitated the form, pattern, and color of the natural element and was mainly expressed in the wall and objet. The method of 'Association' expressed the concept of the natural element for the whole of the space and a portion of the wall and objet repetitively. As for 'Juxtaposition', mixture of 'Reappearance' had a good visual effect, because it can be obtained the external-internal nature. As for 'Combine', mixture of 'Replication' and 'Imitation' was the most common method. Thus, the study results are expected to be utilized as base date in designing the commercial with development of the natural element application method.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.431-436
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• 2005

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was validated for quantitation of nadolol in human plasma. Nadolol and internal standard, pindolol, were extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether after addition of 10 M sodium hydroxide solution. The analytes were separated on a reverse phased C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M ammonium phosphate monobasic buffer, acetonitrile and methanol (81: 17:2 v/v/v) and detected using a fluorescence detector (excitation wavelength 230 nm, emission wavelength 294 nm). The method was specific and sensitive enough to detect as low as 3 ng/mL of nadolol in human plasma. Linear calibration range was 3-150 ng/mL with correlation coefficient greater than 0.999. The overall accuracy was in the range of 96.8 to 103% and precision C.V.(%) 7.30 to 12.2%. The recovery was approximately 100% and stability was confirmed during storage and sample preparation. The present HPLC method was successfully applied to study bioavailability after oral administration of 80 mg of nadolol in healthy Korean subjects. The mean $AUC_{t}$ was $1968{\pm}397\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$ and $C_{max}$ of $186{\pm}79.3\;ng/mL$ was reached at $3.5{\pm}0.76\;hr$. The mean $t_{1/2}$ of nadolol was $17.3{\pm}2.59\;hr$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2003

This paper presents a robust slewing control of a flexible space structure based on sliding surface design. A sliding surface is designed for a single-axis rest-to-rest slewing in view of target angle, target angular velocity, and root monent of the flexible appendage. In comparison with the Lypunov control law, both controllers guarantee the stability and command tracking capabilities for nominal system. It is also shown that the designed control law provides further robustness to internal/external uncertainties. Extending the results of a single-axis maneuver, a sliding mode control law was sought for an arbitrary three-axis maneuver. Quaternion was used to determine the attitude of a space structure and sliding surfaces were designed for each axis, thereby a robust control law was derived considering the coupling effects between each rotational axis during the maneuver. Several numerical examples were demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the designed control law.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

Elastic-plastic structural analysis for regenerative cooling chamber of liquid rocket thrust chamber is performed. Uniaxial tension test is also conducted for the copper alloy in order to get material data necessary for the structure analysis. The results of uniaxial tension test reveal that copper alloy become ductile after brazing process and flow stress becomes lower as temperature becomes higher. As a result of structural analysis using the material data, the deformation of cooling channel is more increased by thermal load than by internal pressure of cooling fluid. Therefore, the results of analysis show that structural stability and cooling performance of combustion thrust chamber which is designed to endure mechanical load and minimized a channel thickness are improved by decreased thermal load as possible.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.12
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• pp.1651-1658
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• 2002

Recently power cable used generally in Korea, because installation is very simple and it has high stability. It confirms to the requirements of IEEE std. 404-1993 by factory testing, but many problems of insulated cable systems are caused by internal defects of the joint part which have to be mounted ensile. Especially, fault rates are arise from impurities or voids. A suitable solution for a monitoring of power cable during the after-laying test and service is partial discharge detection. The artificial defects between cable joint(EPR) and insulator(XLPE) interface are considered in this research to investigating the partial discharge characteristics. ${\varphi}$-q-n properties were detected using data acquisition system and Maximum charge($q_{max}$), repetition rate(${\={n}$), average charge(${\={q}$), Unbalance rate of ${\={n}$ and ${\={q}$ are calculated in order to analysis partial discharge properties quantitatively from this statistic value.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9621-9625
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• 2014

XRCC (X-ray cross-complementing group) genes contribute to important DNA repair mechanisms that play roles in the repair of single strand breaks (SSBs) induced by a variety of external and internal factors, including ionizing radiation, alkylating agents and reactive oxygen species. These repair genes have a pivotal role in maintaining genomic stability through different pathways of base excision repair (BER). The aim of this study was to investigate the XRCC3 Thr241Met gene polymorphism in colorectal cancer (CRC) in Kashmir. We investigated the genotype distribution of XRCC3 gene in 120 CRC cases in comparison with 150 healthy subjects and found a significant association between XRCC3 genotypes and CRC ($p{\leq}0.05$). Both heterozygous genotype (Thr/Met) as well as homozygous variant genotype (Met/Met) were moderately associated with elevated risk of CRC [OR=2.53; OR=2.29 respectively]. Also, Thr/Met and Met/Met genotypes demonstrated a significant association with the risk of CRC (p = 0.003). This study displayed a significantly elevated risk for CRC in individuals with XRCC3 Thr/Met and Met/Met Genotype of about 2.5 times that with the Thr/Thr wild genotype.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.375-381
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• 2005

A rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of prostaglandin $E_{1}\;(PGE_{1})$ and prostaglandin $E_{1}$ ethyl ester $(PGE_{1}-EE)$ in hairless mouse skin homogenate. The sample treatment procedure involved deproteination and precipitation by acetonitrile. $PGE_{1}$ and $PGE_{1}-EE$ in supernatant were separated in a reversed-phase C18 column without being interfered by other components present in hairless mouse skin homogenate. 9-Anthracenecarboxylic acid was used as an internal standard. The retention times of $PGE_{1}$, 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid and $PGE_{1}-EE$ were, 4.5, 9.5 and 18.0 min, respectively. The assay showed linearity from 1 to $40\;{\mu}g/ml$ for both $PGE_{1}$ and $PGE_{1}-EE$. Precision expressed as RSD ranged from 2.3 to 14.1 % for $PGE_{1}$ and 1.6 to 11.0% for $PGE_{1}-EE$. Accuracy ranged from 100.5 to 119.6 % for $PGE_{1}$ and from 98.0 to 103.7% for $PGE_{1}-EE$. This method was employed successfully to follow the time course of concentrations of $PGE_{1}$ and $PGE_{1}-EE$ in hairless mouse skin homogenate for stability study.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.803-813
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• 2015

The growth of Irpex lacteus F17 and manganese peroxidase (MnP) production in a selfdesigned tray bioreactor, operating in solid-state conditions at a laboratory scale, were studied. The bioreactor was divided into three layers by three perforated trays. Agroindustrial residues were used both as the carrier of bound mycelia and as a nutrient medium for the growth of I. lacteus F17. The maximum biomass production in the bioreactor was detected at 60 h of fermentation, which was consistent with the CO₂ releasing rate by the fungus. During the stationary phase of fungal growth, the maximum MnP activity was observed, reaching 950 U/l at 84 h. Scanning electron microscopy images clearly showed the growth situation of mycelia on the support matrix. Furthermore, the MnP produced by I. lacteus F17 in the bioreactor was isolated and purified, and the internal peptide sequences were also identified with mass spectrometry. The optimal activity of the enzyme was detected at pH 7 and 25℃, with a long half-life time of 9 days. In addition, the MnP exhibited significant stability within a broad pH range of 4-7 and at temperature up to 55℃. Besides this, the MnP showed the ability to decolorize the polymeric model dye Poly R-478 in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2004

Liquid crystalline phases were formed from acylglutamate; polyglyceryl-10 myristate and glycerine mixture and they were used as a base material for preparing an O/W emulsion. When an oil phase is added into the liquid crystalline phases, it was inserted into the dispersed liquid crystal droplets rather than stayed outside the liquid crystals, which can be known by the fact that the size of liquid crystal droplets increases with the increasing oil phase content. Along with the increase in the droplet size, the complex modulus increases from 100 to 350 pascals and the loss angle decreases from 60 to 24 degrees, from which it can be known that the increase in the internal phase volume results in the increase in the elastic property of oil in liquid crystalline-phases (O/LC). When the water phase was lastly added into the O/LC phase, the emulsification occurred to form a O/W emulsion and the averaged particle size of the O/W emulsion changes from 22.5nm to 538nm with the addition of water phase. The results from the droplet size measurements and stability tests under accelerated conditions such as high temperature show that the obtained O/W emulsion is very consistent with time.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

Based on the sentence "The number of my family member and relatives reached around 200, but since the first year of Geonan(建安) era, two thirds of them died and seven out of ten died of cold damage in less than ten years" in Sanghanjapbyeongron(Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases), which is allegedly known to be written by Jangnunggyeong(張仲景), we analyzed the sentence by three factors of time, location and people. These factors are used in the investigation of the disease outbreak, and through this analysis, following conclusions were made. 1. Approximate 10 year crude mortality rate since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa(長沙) province was 67 out of 100 in the population. Approximate 10 year disease-specific mortality rate of cold damage since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa(長沙) province was 47 out of 100 in the population. Regardless of age, gender or other demographic variables, approximate 10 year proportionate mortality ratio since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa province was 70.2%, which lead to the assumption that 70% of death is cold-damage related. 2. Increased disease-specific mortality rate by cold damage in Jangsa(長沙) province for about 10 years since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era), and followed increased crude mortality rate in the population, threatened the stability of nation or local government. This is due to the repeated war in late Han Dynasty with political chaos and repeated flood caused by geographical disadvantage in Jangsa province.