• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2019

Background: Understanding the burden of disease is important to establish cost-effective treatment strategies and to allocate healthcare resources appropriately. However, little reliable information is available regarding the overall economic burden imposed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Korea. Methods: This study is a multicenter observational research on the COPD burden in Korea. Total COPD costs were comprised of three categories: direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs. For direct medical costs, institutional investigation was performed at 13 medical facilities mainly based on the claims data. For direct non-medical and indirect costs, site-based surveys were administered to the COPD patients during routine visits. Total costs were estimated using the COPD population defined in the recent report. Results: The estimated total costs were approximately 1,245 million US dollar (1,408 billion Korean won). Direct medical costs comprised approximately 20% of the total estimated costs. Of these, formal medical costs held more than 80%. As direct non-medical costs, nursing costs made up the largest percentage (39%) of the total estimated costs. Costs for COPD-related loss of productivity formed four fifths of indirect costs, and accounted for up to 33% of the total costs. Conclusion: This study shows for the first time the direct and indirect costs of COPD in Korea. The total costs were enormous, and the costs of nursing and lost productivity comprised approximately 70% of total costs. The results provide insight for an effective allocation of healthcare resources and to inform establishment of strategies to reduce national burden of COPD.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.6-19
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• 2014

The description of preserved resources is one of the requirements in digital preservation. The description is generally created in the format of metadata records, and those records are combined to generate information packages to support the process of digital preservation. However, current strategies or models of digital preservation may not generate information packages in efficient ways. To overcome these problems, this research proposed an internal structure of information packages in digital preservation. In order to construct the internal structure, this research analyzed existing metadata standards and cataloging rules such as Dublin Core, MARC, and FRBR to extract the core elements of resource description. The extracted elements were categorized according to their semantics and functions, which resulted in three categories of core elements. These categories and core elements were manifested by using RDF syntax in order to be substantially applied to combine metadata records in digital preservation. Although the internal structure is not intended to create metadata records, it is expected to provide an alternative approach to enable combining existing metadata records in the context of digital preservation in a more flexible way.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.73-88
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of family resources, i.e. objective resources, perceived adequacy of resources, locus of control, social support, family cohesion, and family adaptability on caregiving stress for dementia elderly in homemakers. The subjects of this study were 141 married women who had cared for dementia elderly. The survey method was a questionnaire. And the data was analyzed by means of Cronbach's, factor analysis, and multiple regression. The main findings were as follows： First, Homemakers' caregiving stress was positively correlated to their academic background and monthly income, but negatively correlated to perceived adequacy of human resources, perceived adequacy of material resource, psychical support resource from relatives, and internal locus of control. Second, caregiving stress of homemakers was affected by family cohesion, monthly income, psychical support resource from relatives, perceived adequacy of human resources, and external locus of control.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2011

The taxonomy of the umbelliferous species Angelica amurensis and its allies was reviewed on the basis of molecular phylogenies derived from sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Strict consensus of six minimal length 119-step trees derived from equally weighted maximum parsimony analysis of combined nuclear rDNA ITS1 and ITS2 sequences from 29 accessions of Angelica and outgroups indicated that Angelica purpuraefolia, known to be endemic to Korea, is the same species as A. amurensis. Comparisons of sequence pairs across both spacer regions revealed identity or 1-2 bp differences between A. purpuraefolia and A. amurensis. These results indicated that the two taxa are not distinguished taxonomically. Also, nuclear rDNA ITS regions are discussed as potential barcoding loci for identifying Korean Angelica.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2016

Freshwater is a diverse and complex environment for fungi and provides several types of habitat including plant litter, sediment, and carcasses. We collected plant litter from the main stream and branch streams of Nakdong River, Sohancheon in Samcheok, and Geumoreum in Jeju. From several samples of plant litter, we isolated 8 fungal strains belonging to 4 Montagnulaceae species unrecorded in Korea: Paraconiothyrium archidendri, Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa, Paraphaeosphaeria michotii, and Paraphaeosphaeria viridescens. These fungi were identified by phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and examination of morphological characteristics. Montagnulaceae is known as one of the families in Pleosporales and includes coniothyrium-like fungi. In this study, we described phylogenetic analysis and mycological characteristics of these species, and this is the first report of these taxa in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2023

In this study, we isolated several fungal strains from filtered water and sediment collected from rivers and streams. The strains were identified by molecular phylogenetic analyses of rDNA sequences (internal transcribed spacer [ITS], large subunit of ribosomal DNA [LSU]). The morphological characteristics of the fungi were investigated using microscopy, and the culture characteristics of fungi grown on several media were examined. We identified four species previously unknown in South Korea, namely, Dissophora globulifera, Linnemannia exigua, Mortierella rishikesha and Umbelopsis autotrophica.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.401-404
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• 2014

A new recorded species of Mortierella was recovered during the investigation of fungal communities in soil samples collected from different locations of Gangwon-do, Korea. The species was identified and described as Mortierella alpina on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences and morphological characteristics. This species has not been officially reported from Korea thus far.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.565-580
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• 2013

Competition to attract customers to the increase of the golf club, but the less people enjoying golf for a variety of issues, including the economic downturn, so golf is going deepened. Therefore, the local golf club is faced with the difficulty of management. In the case of the golf club human resource is the most important factor, because it has a high labor intensive nature of the industry as a type of facilities and services on the basis of intangible human resources. In this paper, to confirm the internal marketing activities and internal service quality, basic premise is that for an external customer satisfaction, internal customer satisfaction should be preceded, and try to analyze these execution factors on job satisfaction and customer orientation, either directly or indirectly affected. The empirical results, the management support in the internal marketing activities were the factors affecting the intrinsic job satisfaction, and the internal service quality were factors affecting employees of the intrinsic job satisfaction and extrinsic job satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2022

In this study, the effect of a sudden decrease in internal humidity and a decrease in hydration level due to the tight internal structure of high-strength concrete and cement composites was investigated. To verify the change in the internal Si hydration, waste glass foam beads were used as a lightweight aggregate, and the internal unreacted hydrate reduction and hydrate formation tendency were identified over the mid- to long-term. Waste glass foam beads were mixed with 5, 10, and 20 %, and were used by pre-wetting. As the mixing rate of the waste glass foamed beads increased, the strength showed a tendency to decrease. In addition, when the mixing amount of pre-wetted waste glass foam beads increases inside through XRD analysis, TGA analysis, and Si NMR analysis, it is judged that the hydration degree of internal Si is different because moisture is supplied to the paste.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.11-16
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• 2010

The development of lifting pumps that lift minerals to a mining vessel are one of the vital parts of the commercial mining process. The purpose of this study is to investigate internal flow and its effect on the performance of a mixed flow pump in order to improve the pump's performance. Numerical analysis was performed by commercial code of ANSYS CFX-11 based on flow rate and length of flexible hose. The rated rotational speed of the impeller is 1750rpm. For taking into account the turbulence, k-$\omega$ SST model was selected to guarantee more accurate prediction of flow separation. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results and showed that its efficiency and the head of the pump are related mainly to the flow rate and the length of flexible hose. A lesser flow rate caused more secondary flow through the guide vane passage. The length of flexible hose and flow rate exert much more influence on the pump's performance than the shape of the flexible hose.