• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2023

Background: This study comparatively evaluated the effects of equipment-based pilates exercises (EPE) and lumbar stability exercises (LSE) in patients with chronic low back pain in terms of their Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), and abdominal muscle thickness. Methods: A total of 30 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the EPE or the LSE. The VAS, ODI, and abdominal muscle thicknesses of the participants were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The EPE were more effective in terms of the duration of a sustained reduction in VAS scores. post hoc test revealed that EPE were more efficacious in terms of a sustained improvement in ODI scores. With respect to changes in abdominal muscle thickness, there was a significant difference in the thickness of internal oblique muscles(IO) and the external oblique muscles(EO) between the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, both types of exercise interventions resulted in improvements in the VAS, ODI scores, and abdominal muscle thickness in patients with chronic low back pain. However, EPE were found to be more effective than LPE in terms of longer sustained improvements in VAS and ODI scores. Also, with respect to abdominal muscle thickness, the thickness of EO and IO improved only in the EPE group.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.461-473
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• 2022

Energy-saving block and invisible multiribbed frame composite wall (EBIMFCW) is an important shear wall, which is composed of energy-saving blocks, steel bars and concrete. This paper conducted seismic performance tests on six 1/2-scale EBIMFCW specimens, analyzed their failure process under horizontal reciprocating load, and studied the effect of axial compression ratio on the wall's hysteresis curve and skeleton curve, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation, bearing capacity degradation. A formula for calculating the peak bearing capacity of such walls was proposed. Results showed that the EBIMFCW had experienced a long time deformation from cracking to failure and exhibited signs of failure. The three seismic fortification lines of the energy-saving block, internal multiribbed frame, and outer multiribbed frame sequentially played important roles. With the increase in axial compression ratio, the peak bearing capacity and ductility of the wall increased, whereas the initial stiffness decreased. The change in axial compression ratio had a small effect on the energy dissipation capacity of the wall. In the early stage of loading, the influence of axial compression ratio on wall stiffness and strength degradation was unremarkable. In the later stage of loading, the stiffness and strength degradation of walls with high axial compression ratio were low. The displacement ductility coefficients of the wall under vertical pressure were more than 3.0 indicating that this wall type has good deformation ability. The limit values of elastic displacement angle under weak earthquake and elastic-plastic displacement angle under strong earthquake of the EBIMFCW were1/800 and 1/80, respectively.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.381-392
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 산화 그래핀 나노플레이트릿(Oxidized graphene nanoplatelet, GO)와 유공유리분말(Hollow glass powder, HGP)를 활용한 초고강도 콘크리트의 역학특성을 검토하였으며 이를 위해 작업성, 강도(압축, 인장), 수밀성, 내부조직을 검토하였다. 그 결과 HGP 소량 투입으로 작업성능을 획기적으로 회복시킬 수 있었고 강도특성 및 수밀성도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. cGO(C사의 GO) 와 HGP는 응집현상 없이 분산이 잘 되어 있는 것으로 확인되었고 공극량은 20% 이상 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. cGO와 HGP가 실리카 흄(Silica fume, SF)을 대체할 수 있는지에 대해서도 검토하였다. cGO와 HGP의 사용으로 SF 없이도 쉽게 작업성을 확보할 수 있었고 역학특성도 향상되는 것으로 나타났으며 신재료의 사용으로 콘크리트 제조방법의 변화가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권6A호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2009

이 논문은 원전 격납건물의 극한내압능력 평가와 비선형해석을 수행하기 위하여 개발된 해석프로그램인 9절점 퇴화 쉘 유한요소에 대하여 기술하였다. 개발된 쉘 유한요소는 퇴화 고체기법과 구조물에서 발생하는 횡전단변형도를 고려하기 위하여 Reissner-Mindlin(RM)가정을 도입하였다. 콘크리트의 재료모델은 등가응력-등가변형률의 관계를 이용하여 콘크리트의 응력과 변형률의 수준을 결정하고, 콘크리트에 균열이 발생하면 부착응력을 고려하는 인장강성모델과 균열면에서의 전단전달 메카니즘 그리고 균열면에서 압축강도 감소모델 등으로 재료적 거동을 나타내었다. 또한 균열발생기준으로 압축-인장영역에는 Niwa가 제안한 응력포락선을 도입하였고, 인장-인장영역에는 Aoyagi-Yamada가 제안한 응력포락선을 사용하였다. 개발된 프로그램의 성능은 다양한 수치예제를 통하여 검증하였다. 검증예제 결과로부터 개발된 쉘 유한요소를 이용한 해석결과는 실험결과 또는 다른 해석결과와 유사한 결과를 도출하였다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.301-313
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• 2024

Objective: The current body of evidence lacks clarity regarding the comparative efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) as minimally invasive treatments for benign thyroid nodules. The primary objective of this study is to clarify these concerns. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Europe PMC, and Medline databases until October 10th, 2023, using a combination of relevant keywords. This study incorporated literature that compared RFA and MWA for benign thyroid nodules. The primary outcome was the volume reduction ratio (VRR) from baseline to follow-up. Secondary outcomes were symptom score, cosmetic score, ablation time, major complications rate, hemorrhage, hoarseness, skin burn, cough, and sympathetic nerve injury. We used Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. We employed random effects models to analyze the standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio for the presentation of outcomes. Results: Nine studies with 2707 nodules were included. The results of our meta-analysis indicated similar efficacy between RFA and MWA in terms of VRR during the 1 (SMD 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.13 to 0.26; P = 0.52) and 3 (SMD 0.11; 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.25; P = 0.12) months of follow-up. VRR was significantly higher in RFA than in MWA at the 6 (SMD 0.25; 95% CI: 0.06-0.43; P = 0.008) and 12 month of follow-up (SMD 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.59; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between RFA and MWA in symptom scores, cosmetic scores, or the incidence of complications, including hemorrhage, hoarseness, skin burn, cough, and sympathetic nerve injury. Conclusion: RFA showed a higher VRR than MWA at 6 and 12-month follow-ups, with a comparable safety profile.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2024

Background: Gunshot-related fractures near the elbow are challenging, and available data to guide the practitioner are lacking. This report analyzes injury patterns and treatment strategies in a case series from a high-volume urban trauma center. Methods: All periarticular gunshot fractures near the elbow treated at a level 1 trauma center from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Fracture location, patient demographics, concomitant injuries, treatment modalities, and complications were analyzed. Results: Twenty-four patients were identified. All patients received prophylactic antibiotics upon admission and underwent urgent surgical debridement. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was performed with initial debridement in 22 of 24 patients. Seven patients sustained distal humerus fractures, 10 patients sustained isolated proximal ulna or proximal radius fractures, and seven had combined fracture patterns. Eleven patients presented with nerve palsy, and two had transected nerves. Two patients had vascular injury requiring repair. One patient required a temporary elbow-spanning external fixator and underwent staged debridement followed by ORIF. One patient with a grade IIIC fracture developed a deep infection that precluded ORIF. One patient required revision ORIF due to fracture displacement. Conclusions: This investigation reports on management of ballistic fractures near the elbow at a busy urban level I trauma center. Our management centered on rapid debridement, early definitive fixation, and intravenous antibiotic administration. We report on associated neurovascular injury, bone loss, and other challenges in this patient population. Level of evidence: IV.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2024

최근 환경규제가 강화되고 고유가 문제로 인하여 전기차 시장이 점차 커지고 있으며 또한 내연기관 자동차에서도 엔진의 Noise, Vibration, Harshness(NVH) 관련 소음이 저감되고 외부에서 유입되는 소음의 차폐 기술이 발전됨에 따라 Buzz, Squeak, Rattle(BSR) 이음의 민감도가 증가하는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 자동차의 Panoramic Curved Display(PCD)에서 발생하는 Stick-slip 이음과 고분자 플라스틱의 표면에너지 및 극성 성분과의 상관관계에 대하여 분석하였다. 극성 고분자 소재인 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(ABS)와 PolyCarbonate-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(PC-ABS)를 대상으로 컴파운드 소재를 제작하여 평가하였다. 결과적으로 고분자 플라스틱의 극성성분이 3.86 mN/m 이상일 때 Stick-slip 거동이 발생하였으며, 시간에 따른 마찰 거동에서 absolute transition slope가 증가할수록 Stick-slip의 이음 가능성이 증가하고 마찰계수의 값 차이가 클수록 Stick-slip 이음의 세기가 증가하였다.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2024

Purpose: The prognosis of total hip replacement (THR) after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) versus THR following non-operative treatment of acetabular fractures is unclear. Few studies have been conducted in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to perform an assessment and compare the functional outcomes for study subjects in the ORIF and non-ORIF groups during the follow-up period compared to baseline. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal comparative study, which included 40 patients who underwent THR for either posttraumatic arthritis after fixation of an acetabular fracture or arthritis following conservative management of a fracture, was conducted for 60 months. Twenty-four patients had undergone ORIF, and 16 patients had undergone nonoperative/conservative management for acetabular fractures. Following THR, the patients were followed up for monitoring of functional outcomes for the Harris hip score (HHS) and comparison between the ORIF and non-ORIF groups was performed. Results: The HHS showed significant improvement in both ORIF and non-ORIF groups. At the end of the mean follow-up period, no significant variation in scores was observed between the groups, i.e., ORIF group (91.61±6.64) compared to non-ORIF group (85.74±11.56). A significantly higher number of re-interventions were required for medial wall fractures and combined fractures compared to posterior fractures (P <0.05). Conclusion: THR resulted in improved functional outcome during follow-up in both the groups; however, the ORIF group was observed to have better functional outcome. Re-intervention was not required for any of the posterior fractures at the end of the mean follow-up period.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.558-563
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• 2022

Background/Aims: Bispectral index (BIS) monitors process and display electroencephalographic data are used to assess the depth of anesthesia. This study retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of BIS monitoring during endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Methods: This study included 725 consecutive patients who underwent EUS under sedation with propofol. BIS monitoring was used in 364 patients and was not used in 361. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) median dose of propofol; (2) respiratory and circulatory depression; (3) occurrence of body movements; (4) awakening score >8 at the time; and (5) awakening score 2 hours after leaving the endoscopy room. Results: The BIS group received a significantly lower median dose of propofol than the non-BIS group (159.2 mg vs. 167.5 mg; p=0.015) in all age groups. For patients aged ≥75 years, the reduction in heart rate was significantly lower in the BIS group than in the non-BIS group (1.2% vs. 9.1%; p=0.023). Moreover, the occurrence of body movements was markedly lower in the BIS group than in the non-BIS group (8.5% vs. 39.4%; p<0.001). Conclusions: During EUS examination, BIS monitoring is useful for maintaining a constant depth of anesthesia, especially in patients 75 years of age or older.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2022

Fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) and fragility fractures of the sacrum (FFS), which are emerging in the geriatric population, exhibit characteristics that differ from those of pelvic ring disruptions occurring in the younger population. Treatment of FFP/FFS by a multidisciplinary team can be helpful in reducing morbidity and mortality with the goal of reducing pain, regaining early mobility, and restoring independence for activities of daily living. Conservative treatment, including bed rest, pain therapy, and mobilization as tolerated, is indicated for treatment of FFP type I and type II as loss of stability is limited with these fractures. Operative treatment is indicated for FFP type II when conservative treatment has failed and for FFP type III and type IV, which are displaced fractures associated with intense pain and increased instability. Minimally invasive stabilization techniques, such as percutaneous fixation, are favored over open reduction internal fixation. There is little evidence regarding outcomes of patients with FFP/FFS and more literature is needed for determination of optimal management. The aim of this article is to provide a concise review of the current literature and a discussion of the latest recommendations for orthopedic treatment and management of FFP/FFS.