• 천문학회보
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.67.2-67.2
• /
• 2010

We present results of searching for the Very Low Luminosity Objects (VeLLOs; internal luminosity : $L_{int}$ < $0.1(d/140pc)^2\;L\odot$) in the Gould's Belt clouds using observations from 3.6 to 70 micron by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The clouds are California, Chamaeleon I, III, Musca, Lupus V, VI, Scorpius, Serpens, Corona Australis, Cepheus, and IC 5146 having the properties of active low-mass star-forming such as the Taurus cloud. The observing sensitivity of the Spitzer data is estimated to be about $L_{int}\;\geq\;5\times10^{-3}(d/140pc)^2\;L\odot$, a factor of 20 better than that of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS). The observing data were processed by the c2d Legacy pipeline. As the criteria to select the VeLLOs, we slightly modified previous ones by Dunham et al. The most important criterion is a flux density at 70 micron that is directly converted to the internal luminosity. Also, we used additional criteria to remove the contamination of evolved stars and extragalaxies which have colors or SEDs very similar to YSOs. We identified a total of 64 new embedded VeLLO candidates with $L_{int}$ < $0.1(d/140pc)^2\;L\odot$, consisting of 8 in California, 15 in Chamaeleon-Musca, 13 in Scorpius-Lupus, 20 in Serpens, 3 in Corona Australis, 3 in Cepheus, and 2 in IC 5146. The classification of the spectral index (${\alpha}$) fitted to the shape of the Ks-24 micron SEDs shows most of VeLLO candidates (89%) are in types of Class I and Flat spectrum. We plot various diagrams based on their 2MASS-Spitzer bands colors and magnitudes to discuss properties of the VeLLOs. This search will lead us new adventure toward a future systematic study of the VeLLOs.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제17권7호
• /
• pp.1653-1659
• /
• 2013

본 논문은 Verilog HDL이나 VHDL로 설계된 디지털 회로의 구조를 효율적으로 분석하고 디버깅 할 수 있는 ECAD 소프트웨어를 제안한다. 이 소프트웨어는 HDL 코드를 파싱하여 내부 구조에 대한 정보를 추출한 후 여러 가지 종류의 그래픽 도우미 예를 들면, 배치배선 알고리즘을 적용하여 생성된 계층구조의 논리회로도, 각 모듈을 구성하는 요소들을 나타내는 객체 나무 그래픽, 인스턴스들의 계층구조를 나타내는 인스턴스 나무 그래픽, 내부 시그널 간의 관계를 나타내는 시그널 관계도(SPD, signal propagation diagram) 등으로 표현된다. 디버깅에 가장 중요한 기능은 여러 가지 다른 관점의 설계 정보(HDL 코드, 객체 나무, 인스턴스 나무, SPD, 파형 등)에서 임의의 객체로부터 출발하여 동일한 설계 정보를 찾아내는 기능이다. 이러한 기능들은 설계자가 수작업으로 HDL 코드를 분석하고 버그를 찾아내는 기능을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있도록 돕는다.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2006

We conducted an analysis of a selected region from the FCRAO $^{12}CO$ Outer Galaxy Survey. The selected region is located between galactic longitude $117^{\circ}$ and $124^{\circ}$ with the velocity of -23 km $s^{-1}. Molecular clouds in this region show a peculiar velocity field, protruding from the Local Arm population. The selected region is divided into 7 clouds by spatial location. Though we were not able to identify the direct driving source for peculiar velocity of our target region, we find that there are several internal YSOs or star forming activities; there are many associated sources like an outflows, a high-mass protostellar candidate and $H_2O$ maser sources. We attribute the driving energy source to older generation of episodic star formation. Masses of main clouds(cloud 1-4) estimated using a conversion factor from $^{12}CO$ luminosity are larger than $10^4M_{\odot}$. Other components have a small mass as about $10^3M_{\odot}$. Among main clouds, cloud 2 and 4 seem to be marginally gravitational bound systems as their ratio of $M_{CO}$ to $M_{VIR}$ is about $2{\sim}3$, and the internal velocity dispersion is larger than the centroid velocity dispersion. Total mass estimated using a conversion factor from $^{12}CO$ luminosity is $7.9{\times}10^4M_{\odot}$.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2020

Background: Stretch-oriented home exercise programs are often used as treatments for patients with adhesive capsulitis; however, there is lack of research on home exercise programs to strengthen rotator cuffs. Objects: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening on pain, range of motion (ROM), disability level, and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods: Twenty-two patients with adhesive capsulitis volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 11) and control group (n = 11). For the experimental group, manual therapy and home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening were applied for 6 weeks; for the control group, only manual therapy was applied for 6 weeks. Shoulder pain (quadruple visual analogue scale, QVAS), ROM, disability (shoulder pain and disability index-Korean version, SPADI), and quality of life (world health organization quality of life scale-Korean version, WHOQOL-BREF) were evaluated at baseline, after 3 weeks, and after 6 weeks of intervention. The changes in the measurement variables were analyzed by using repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: Significant differences were observed between the experimental group and control group in the QVAS; SPADI-pain scores; SPADI-disability scores; SPADI-total scores; flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint; and WHOQOL-BREF total, overall, physical health, and psychological scores. All groups displayed statistically significant improvements as observed in the QVAS, SPADI, flexion, abduction, external and internal rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint, and WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusion: Home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening had a positive impact on shoulder pain, shoulder ROM, disability level, and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Therefore, we propose the use of home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening in the exercise rehabilitation of patients with adhesive capsulitis.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.315-322
• /
• 2008

발전소 밸브는 장시간 동안 고온고압하의 기혹한 조건으로 운전됨에 따라 밸브 시트(seat)면의 이물질 삽입, 시트의 균열, 스템(stem) 패킹(parking) 또는 용접부위 결함 및 피로균열 둥에 의해 누설손상이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 밸브 내부누설 상태를 정밀하게 진단하고 평가하기 위해서는 음향방출기술의 적용이 필요하며, 본 논문은 현장적용이 가능한 연구를 수행하고 그 결과를 소개하고자 한다. 또한 실제 발전소에서 운전되는 다양한 밸브 조건을 토대로 실험실 실험에 의해 주변잡음, 밸브누설시의 음향레벨 및 스펙트럼 특성을 분석하고, 발전소 현장실험 결과와의 비교분석을 통하여, 밸브 누설상태에 따른 주변잡음, 음향신호 및 측정 가능한 최소 누설검출량 등의 평가방법에 대해 고찰하였다. 실험실 실험 및 현장적용 연구결과로부터 밸브누설 여부를 포함한 상태 평가와 최소 측정가능 누설검출량 평가가 가능하였으며, 향후 본 연구는 발전설비 안전운전과 밸브누설로 인한 에너지 손실 예방에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.186-193
• /
• 2021

Background: While the formal test has been used to provide a quantitative measurement of core stability, studies have reported inconsistent results regarding its test-retest and intraobserver reliabilities. Furthermore, the validity of the formal test has never been established. Objects: This study aimed to establish the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the formal test. Methods: Twenty-two young adults with and without core instability (23.1 ± 2.0 years) were recruited. Concurrent validity was determined by comparing the muscle thickness changes of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominal muscle to changes in core stability pressure during the formal test using ultrasound (US) imaging and pressure biofeedback, respectively. For the test-retest reliability, muscle thickness and pressure changes were repeatedly measured approximately 24 hours apart. Electromyography (EMG) was used to monitor trunk muscle activity during the formal test. Results: The Pearson's correlation analysis showed an excellent correlation between transverse abdominal thickness and pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) pressure as well as internal oblique thickness and PBU pressure, ranging from r = 0.856-0.980, p < 0.05. The test-retest reliability was good, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1,2) = 0.876 for the core stability pressure measure and ICC1,2 = 0.939 to 0.989 for the abdominal muscle thickness measure. Conclusion: Our results provide clinical evidence that the formal test is valid and reliable, when concurrently incorporated into EMG and US measurements.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권1호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2023

Air ingress incidents are major safety accidents in very-high-temperature reactors (VHTRs). Air containing a high volume fraction of oxygen may cause severe oxidation of core components at the VHTR, especially for the significantly thin alloy tube wall in the intermediate heat exchanger (IHE). The research objects of this study are Inconel 617 and Incoloy 800H, two candidate alloys for IHE in VHTR. The air ingress accident scenario is simulated with high-temperature air flow at 950 ℃. A continuous oxide scale was formed on the surfaces of both the alloys after the experiment. Because the oxide scale of Inconel 617 has a loose structure, whereas that of Incoloy 800H is denser, Inconel 617 exhibited significantly more severe internal oxidation than Incoloy 800H. Further, Inconel 617 showed a significant decrease in ultimate tensile strength and plasticity after aging for 200 h, whereas Incoloy 800H maintained its tensile properties satisfactorily. Through control experiment under vacuum, we preliminarily concluded that serious internal oxidation is the primary reason for the decline in the tensile properties of Inconel 617.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.565-573
• /
• 1998

연구배경: 악성 흉막 삼출증은 폐암에 합병되는 경우가 가장 흔하지만 그 외에 유방암, 난소암, 위암등에서도 호발하며 조직학적 아형에 따라 나누면 선암이 가장 흔하며 편평상피세포암이 악성 흉막 삼출을 일으키는 경우는 매우 드물다고 보고되어왔다. 연자들은 악성 흉막 삼출증의 조직학적 아형에 따른 빈도와 흉수의 특징을 분석하였다. 방 법: 1992년 1월부터 1997년 5월까지 서울대학교 병원에서 흉수의 세포진 검사나 경피적 혹은 흉강경을 이용한 흉막 조직 검사 결과 악성 흉막삼출증로 확인된 84예의 환자를 대상으로 하여 조직 표본과 의무기록을 통해 조직학적 아형을 구분하고 임상적 양상과 생화학적 지표 등을 조사하고 생존기간을 분석하였다. 결 과: 총 84명의 대상 환자 중 남자 52명, 여자 32명으로 남녀 성비는 1.6:1이었고 연령의 중앙값은 56세였다. 환자의 주 증상은 호흡곤란이 42명으로 가장 흔했고 기침과 객담, 흉막성 흉통 등의 순서였으며 평균 생존 기간은 6.4개월이었다. 그 중 혈성 흉수의 빈도는 66%. 림프구 우위성은 39%, 삼출성 흉수는 93%였고 조직학적 아형은 선암 54예(33예가 폐암), 편평상피세포암 10예 (8예가 폐암), 악성림프종 10예, 소세포암 8예 그리고 악성 중피종과 백혈병이 각각 1예였고 각각의 혈성 흉수, 림프구 우위성, 삼출성 흉수의 빈도는 별다른 차이가 없었으며 생화학적 수치의 차이도 관찰되지 않았다. 악성 흉막 삼출을 일으킨 원인 질환은 폐암이 49예로 가장 많았고 그외 원발 부위 불명확 악성 종양 7예, 위암, 유방암이 각각 5예, 담관암이 3예 그리고 난소암, 급성 백혈병, 악성 중피종이 각각 1예 씩 이었고 각각의 혈성 흉수, 림프구 우위성, 삼출성 흉수의 빈도, 생화학적 지표의 차이도 역시 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론: 같은 시기의 서울대학교병원의 폐암의 조직학적 아형의 빈도가 편평상피세포암 47%, 선암 33%, 소세포암 12%, 대세포암 2%인 것과 비교해보면 선암에서 악성 흉악 삼출증이 호발하며 편평 상피 세포암에서는 상대적으로 드물다는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 악성 흉막 삼출증 환자를 조직학적 아형이나 원발 악성 질환에 따라 분류하였을 때 혈성 흉수, 림프구 우위성, 삼출성 흉수의 빈도의 차이는 없었다.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.177-179
• /
• 2012

We present Spitzer IRS spectroscopy of $CO_2$ ice toward 19 young stellar objects (YSOs) with luminosity lower than $1L_{\odot}$. Pure $CO_2$ ice forms only at elevated temperatures, T > 20 K, and thus at higher luminosities. Current internal luminosities of YSOs with L < $1L_{\odot}$ do not provide such conditions out to radii of typical envelopes. Significant amounts of pure $CO_2$ ice would signify a higher past luminosity. We analyze $15.2{\mu}m$ $CO_2$ ice bending mode absorption lines in comparison to the laboratory data. We decompose pure $CO_2$ ice from 12 out of 19 young low luminosity sources. The presence of the pure $CO_2$ ice component indicates high dust temperature and hence high luminosity in the past. The sum of all the ice components (total $CO_2$ ice amount) can be explained by a long period of low luminosity stage between episodic accretion bursts as predicted in an episodic accretion scenario. Chemical modeling shows that the episodic accretion scenario explains the observed total $CO_2$ ice amount best.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.391-394
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we present an approach that is able to reconstruct 3 dimensional metric models from un-calibrated images acquired by a freely moved camera system. If nothing is known of the calibration of either camera, nor the arrangement of one camera which respect to the other, then the projective reconstruction will have projective distortion which expressed by an arbitrary projective transformation. The distortion on the reconstruction is removed from projection to metric through self-calibration. The self-calibration requires no information about the camera matrices, or information about the scene geometry. Self-calibration is the process of determining internal camera parameters directly from multiply un-calibrated images. Self-calibration avoids the onerous task of calibrating cameras which needs to use special calibration objects. The root of the method is setting a uniquely fixed conic(absolute quadric) in 3D space. And it can make possible to figure out some way from the images. Once absolute quadric is identified, the metric geometry can be computed. We compared reconstruction image from calibrated images with the result by self-calibration method.