• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.253-269
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• 2020

This study aims to develop items to diagnose pre-service physics teachers' understanding of the conceptual knowledge of modern physics, based on the achievement criteria presented in the 2015 revised national science curriculum, and to identify the validity and reliability of the newly developed items. Data were collected from 467 pre-service physics teachers in the Physical Education Department or Science Education Department (Physics Education Major) of 15 universities across the nation. In this study the content validity, substantive validity, the internal structure validity, generalization validity, and the external validity proposed by Messick (1995) were examined by various statistical tests. The results of the MNSQ analysis showed that there was no nonconformity in the 23 items. The internal structure validity was confirmed by the standardized residual variance analysis, which shows that the 22 items was unidimensional. The generalization validity was confirmed by differential item functioning (DIF) analysis about groups lectured or not modern physics/quantum mechanics. In addition, item analysis and test analysis based on classical test theory were performed. The mean item difficulty is 0.66, mean item discrimination is 0.47 and mean point biserial coefficient obtained was 0.41. These results for item parameters satisfied the criteria respectively. The reliability of the internal consistency of the KR-20 is 0.77 and the Ferguson's delta obtained was δ = 0.972. By Rasch model analysis, the item difficulty (item measures) was discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.99-106
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• 2015

The biggest change in modern society because we will transition to a ubiquitous environment. Changes in the environment has become a crucial instrument that finally opens the era of convergence management through integrating the various fields in their own business. The desire of consumers to new innovative products appears to be a constant thing companies are constantly trying to respond to these changes, there may not be a problem for the convergence of sustainability management company in the end. In this study, based on the convergence of corporate management need to be a fusion component of corporate management to examine whether any impact on the quality of innovation. Results showed that the fusion management components that affect both internal factors and external factors, core factors quality improvement. Internal factors detailed in the convergence management leadership, risk management factors showed a positive external factors affecting appeared to affect positively the knowledge-sharing factors, infrastructure factors. Finally, core factor is technology factors, educational learning factors showed a positive impact. This results suggest that be a big impact factors of competitiveness of enterprises through convergence management in the future and will serve as the strategic basis for the convergence of future corporate management.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.509-519
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• 2013

Through the study on judgment of Body form and settle Energy flow(立形定氣) before diagnose the patients, the results are as follows. The observation of the body form is to determine prosperity and deficiency of each internal organ. It is necessary to distinguish Body form loss(形脫) and Body form fullness(形充). Fat man(肥人), Thin man(瘦人), Creamy man(膏人), Muscular man(肉人), Small Fat man(脂人) are discriminated by fat distribution, fat content, and muscle mass. The observation of the body form means the observation of structure disorder, color change, develop part at body, head and face. The observation of the body form that is to determine prosperity and deficiency of each internal organ is from the limited knowledge of the anatomy. The observation of face color is considered by blood perfusion, blood oxygenation and accumulation of carotinoid, bilirubin and change of melanin in the facial skin. The prosperity and the deficiency of energy flow is considered by symptom combined with growth (<40 years) and aging (>40 years). The prosperity of energy flow includes the anger, anxious emotion and the deficiency of energy flow includes the fear, depressive emotion. The breathing type is expiratory exhalation like asthma patients in the prosperity of energy flow. The deficiency of energy flow is weakness to overcome the disease. The prosperity and the deficiency of energy flow are considered by body metabolic ratios (Basal metabolic Rate: BMR, Resting metabolic rate: RMR, Physical activity ratios: PASs). Development of subcutaneous fat is good in the person of prosperous energy flow. The person of prosperous energy flow is hard to overcome to heat weather than cold weather. The person of deficiency of energy flow has tendencies of low blood pressure, insufficiency of blood flow in the peripheral and being shocked. The person of deficiency of energy flow has tendencies of chronic fatigue syndrome or automatic nerve disorder. If the patient who has deficiency of energy flow has severe weight loss should be checked for the presence of disease. The observation of small and large of bone is to check the development and disorder of bone growth and aging. The observation of thickness and weakness of muscle is to check the development of muscle, particularly biceps, gastrocnemius, and rectus abdominal muscle. The observation of thickness and weakness of skin is to check the ability of regulating body temperature by sweating.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.317-328
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to measure the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the self-efficacy for restorative care activity (K-SERCA) scale and the outcome expectations for restorative care activity (K-OERCA) scale. Psychometric testing was given to 187 nurses who have worked in 69 long-term care facilities in South Korea via post service and personal visit. Data were collected via structured-questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 22.0. Content, construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), criterion validity and internal consistency reliability were conducted. The K-SERCA scale had factor loading of the 10 items ranged from .74 to .87, and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=.96, NFI=.94, RMSEA=.10). The K-SERCA scale was also a significantly positive correlation with 'Job satisfaction' (r=.32, p<.001). There was a reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.94$. The K-OERCA scale had factor loading of the 9 items ranging from .38 to .95, and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=.98, NFI=.96, RMSEA=.09). The K-OERCA scale was also a positive correlation with 'Knowledge (r=.26, p<.001)', and 'Job satisfaction (r=.30, p<.001)'. There was a reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.89$. The results demonstrate that the K-SERCA and K-OERCA scales had satisfactory validity and reliability to measure self-efficacy and outcome expectations for restorative care activities among nurses who have worked in long-term care facilities in South Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.333-338
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• 2013

We investigated the prevalence of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) in stray and household cats in different regions of Seoul, Republic of Korea. Blood samples were collected from a total of 200 cats (100 stray cats and 100 household cats) and examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall prevalence of FPV was 2%. Among test-positive cats, 3% (3/100) were stray cats and 1% (1/100) was a household cat. The incidence of FPV was higher in juvenile cats (< 1 year, 1.5%) than in adult cats (> 1-year-old, 0.5%). The FPV-positive rates of healthy infected cats and sick cats were 1.9% (3/156) and 2.2% (1/44), respectively. We found the positive rate of vaccinated and unvaccinated cats to be 1.3% (1/77) and 2.4% (3/123), respectively. Unlike antibody tests, FPV antigen tests detected current infections in stray and household cats. Therefore, these tests can help in disease diagnosis and treatment. To our knowledge, our study is the first to survey the prevalence of FPV in different cat populations across Seoul. We found a high prevalence of FPV infection in stray and juvenile cats. Therefore, proper vaccination and surveillance are important to prevent FPV outbreaks.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.258-261
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• 2011

An 8-year-old spayed female, Yorkshire terrier dog was presented with a urinary incontinence. Unaware urine dribbling during sleeping was observed eight months after spaying. Polyuria and polydipsia were also reported. Physical examination revealed obesity and hypertension. Characteristic laboratory findings in this dog were polycythemia, hyperlipidemia and elevated hepatic enzyme. Other causes of the urinary incontinence were ruled out through further diagnostic tests and spay-related urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) was made as a presumptive diagnosis. In addition, the dog was also diagnosed with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Both conditions can cause urinary incontinence in dogs; therefore, definite diagnosis was made through a therapeutic approach. The synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbesterol, was initially administered and successfully managed the urinary incontinence in this dog. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first case report describing the clinical and laboratory features of spay-related USMI concurrent with hyperadrenocorticism and treatment outcomes in our country.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims to contribute to developing new pattern identification based on searches regarding pattern identification of low back pain, which is used in thesis both in Korea and China. Methods : First of all, we searched thesis concerning pattern identification of low back pain from RISS, OASIS, Korean traditional knowledge portal, CNKI. Results : 1. There were overall 34 thesis, consist of 18 Korean thesis(13 clinical papers and 5 analytical papers) and 9 Chinese thesis(7 clinical papers and 9 analytical papers). 2. 10 of 11 Korean thesis used more than 9 patterns for pattern identification, 9 of 14 Chinese thesis used less than 4 patterns for pattern identification of low back pain. 3. Patterns, which were repeatedly used in Korea, were 腎虛腰痛(Kidney deficiency low back pain), 濕熱腰痛(Dampness-heat low back pain), 寒濕腰痛(Cold-dampness low back pain), 痰飮腰痛(Phlegm-fluid retention low back pain), 風腰痛(Wind low back pain), 食積腰痛(Food accumulation low back pain), 濕腰痛(Dampness low back pain), 挫閃腰痛(Sprain low back pain), 瘀血腰痛(Static blood low back pain), 氣腰痛(Qi low back pain). 4. Patterns, which were repeatedly used in China, were 腎虛腰痛(Kidney deficiency low back pain), 濕熱腰痛(Dampness-heat low back pain), 寒濕腰痛(Cold-dampness low back pain), 氣滯血瘀腰痛(Blood stasis due to qi stagnation low back pain). Conclusions : Based on these results, it is considered that an advanced type of pattern identification of low back pain should be made or existing type needs to be practically and objectively improved.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.41-56
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• 2015

Objectives : This research is aimed to compare the visceral figures published during the Song Dynasty, and to reveal the differences between anatomical and physiological knowledge in the presence of Taoist theoretical background and in its absence. It is also aimed to discuss the theoretical differences among existing medicines. Methods : First, we will find the commonalities and the differences in the drawings describing the internal organs of a human body in the two publications, and study what made such commonalities and differences and how they affected medical theories. Secondly, we will analyze and update the internal organ data specified in the two publications as it relates to the five viscera and six bowls. Finally, we will analyze the commonalities and the differences, and study the background and the significance of medical theories. Results & Conclusions : 1. The positions of the liver and the spleen in the drawing of the Yanluozi's and Huatuo's visceral figures are inverted in the drawing of the Huatuo's visceral figures. The positions of other internal organs are similar. 2. The section of the five viscera in the Yanluozi's and Huatuo's visceral figures describes the Taoist gods necessary to build up discipline by the means of meditation. 3. In the Zhutidian's visceral theory, a belly button is recognized as a very important organ for the activity of life. 4. In the Huatuo's visceral figures, the 'Zangzhen' generated from foods is described as the energy source for the vitality of the five viscera. 5. The Huatuo's visceral figures mentioned the functionality of a gall bladder and an Tripple Energizer, which was not mentioned in the Yanluozi's and Huatuo's visceral figures. 6. Both the "Yanluozi's and Huatuo's visceral figures" and the "Huatuo's visceral figures" specify that the moisture filtered through small intestines turns into urine.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.345-356
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate the safety competency of perioperative nurses and to examine its validity and reliability. The research process included the development of preliminary items through literature reviews and the construct validity examination of the conceptual framework for the preliminary scale. The content validity of the identified items was evaluated by experts, resulting in 30 preliminary items. The participants involved in testing the validity and reliability of the preliminary scale were 377 perioperative nurses. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, parallel analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency. To verify the construction factor of the preliminary scale, exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis were performed, resulting in 3 factors and 27 items. The internal structure of the scale was schematized using confirmatory factor analysis and the goodness of fit of the final research model was very appropriate, as shown by the values of TLI=.90, CFI=.91, RMSEA=.07, and SRMR=.07. The final scale consisted of 27 items and 3 factors including knowledge (6 items), skill (13 items), and attitude (8 items). Cronbach' ${\alpha}$ for the final scale was .94, showing good internal consistency. This safety competency scale can be used for assessing the competency of perioperative nurses regarding patient safety, for developing patient safety studies and for the career development of perioperative nurses.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2022

In this study, the surface protection film based on organic-inorganic composite is manufactured for suppressing lithium dendrite growth, and the film is applied on the surface of Li metal negative electrode for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). The film is consist of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymeric binder which has good mechanical strength and high electrochemical stability, and carbon black (Super-P) which has outstanding electrical conductivity as the inorganic compound. First, in order to confirm the suppression of the internal short circuit by the lithium dendrite, the time required for the short circuit is measured while a constant current is continuously applied. As a result, the internal short circuit is delayed in proportion to the carbon black content of the film, and it is significantly delayed than bare Li metal electrode which does not use protection film. The cycle performance of the thick protection film (8 ㎛), is worse than that of the thin film (4 ㎛). However, as the carbon black content of the film increased, the cycle performance is improved. Thus, the surface protection film based on carbon black/PVDF composite can delay the internal short circuit, and has low overvoltage during the cycle. However, more stable cycle performance needs to be built through further improvements.