• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2012

기업을 둘러싼 경제 환경의 급속한 변화에 대응하여 기업들은 전사적 자원관리시스템인 ERP 시스템을 적극적으로 활용하고 있다. ERP 시스템이 기업에 성공적으로 정착하기 위해서는 ERP 시스템 도입요인이 경영성과에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 내부적 성과의 조절효과에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 독립변수인 경영환경요인, 조직요인, 정보시스템요인 및 인식요인이 종속변수인 경영성과 간의 관계에서 조절변수인 내부적 성과가 조절효과를 갖는 가를 분석하기 위하여 조절회귀분석을 실시하였다. 경영환경요인과 경영성과 간 내부적 성과가 조절효과가 있는지를 분석한 결과 내부적 성과가 기업의 경영성과에 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 내부적 성과와 조직요인인 분권화 집중도, 업무의 표준화, 내부적 성과 및 상호작용항을 투입하여 분석한 결과 경영성과는 분권화 집중도, 업무의 표준화 및 부서 간 상호의존성과 함께 내부적 성과에 영향을 미쳤다. 내부적 성과와 함께 독립변수로 정보시스템요인을 투입하여 분석한 결과 내부적 성과가 정보시스템요인과 함께 경영성과에 조절효과를 나타내었다. 내부적 성과를 조절변수로 인식요인인 운영자 인식행태와 최고경영자 인식행태를 독립변수로 하여 경영성과에 대한 조절효과를 분석한 결과 내부적 성과는 인식요인과 경영성과 사이의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

연구 목적: 지금까지 성공적인 임플란트 치료를 위해 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔으며, 임플란트 주변 골 흡수 현상에 대한 연구는 매우 관심이 높은 분야 중 하나이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 삼차원 유한요소응력분석을 이용하여 변연골 흡수가 내측연결 임플란트 매식체의 기계적 안정성에 미치는 영향을 간접적으로 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 악골에 식립된 내측연결 형태의 임플란트 매식체에 티타늄 소재의 임플란트 지대주를 지대주 나사로 연결하고 상부에 금합금관을 장착하는 삼차원 유한요소모형을 설계하였다. 0, 1, 2, 3 mm의 변연골 흡수 상태를 적용하고, 교합면 중심에서부터 3 mm 편측에 300 N의 수직 하중을 가하여 임플란트 매식체에 발생하는 최대 주 응력을 계산하였다. 결과: 유한요소분석결과 변연골 흡수에 따른 임플란트 매식체의 최대 주응력 분포는 유사한 양상을 보였으며, 임플란트 매식체 상단에서 가장 높은 응력 집중이 나타났다. 최대 주응력은 처음 1 mm 변연골 흡수를 가정하였을 때 가장 크게 증가하였고, 이후 변연골 흡수가 증가할수록 응력은 증가하였지만 응력 증가의 폭은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 결론: 이러한 결과로부터 내측연결 임플란트에서 매식체 두께가 얇은 경부의 노출은 변연골 흡수로 인한 응력 증가에 가장 큰 원인임을 알 수 있었으며, 매식체의 변형, 균열 및 파절 등의 기계적 실패를 감소시키기 위해서는 이에 대한 외과적, 보철적 고려가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2013

국내 영재교육 판별에 교사관찰추천제가 적용되고 있다. 교사관찰 결과의 타당성을 확보하기 위해서는 추정 영재성을 가려낼 수 있는 양적 질적 판별방법에 대한 연구가 선행 조건이다. 이 연구는 음악(국악)영재성 선별을 위한 양적 검사도구로서의 교사관찰정보지(2차, OSTG-2) 문항을 수렴하고 그 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 탐색적 요인분석 및 확인적 요인분석을 실행하였고, 내적일관성 신뢰도를 추정하였다. 그 결과, OSTG-2의 최종 22 문항을 수렴할 수 있었고, 교사관찰 시 평가준거로 설정 가능한 음악(국악)영재성의 심리학적 구인을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 OSTG-2에 대한 내적일관성 신뢰도 추정 결과, 높은 신뢰도 수준(음악성 문항 r=.852, 창의성 문항 r=.894, 과제집착력 문항 r=.924)을 확보할 수 있었다. 이 연구의 타당화 결과는 교사관찰정보지(2차, OSTG-2)가 영재판별 현장에 즉시 투입 가능한 음악(국악)영재성 선별용 검사도구임을 반영해준다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2017

Background: X-ray imaging detectors for the nondestructive cargo container inspection using MeV-energy X-rays should accurately portray the internal structure of the irradiated container. Internal and external factors can cause noise, affecting image quality, and scattered radiation is the greatest source of noise. To obtain a high-performance transmission image, the influence of scattered radiation must be minimized, and this can be accomplished through several methods. The scatter rejection method using an anti-scatter grid is the preferred method to reduce the impact of scattered radiation. In this paper, we present an evaluation the characteristics of the signal and noise according to physical and material changes in the anti-scatter grid of the imaging detector used in cargo container scanners. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the characteristics of the signal and noise according to changes in the grid ratio and the material of the anti-scatter grid in an X-ray image detector using MCNP6. The grid was composed of iron, lead, or tungsten, and the grid ratio was set to 2.5, 12.5, 25, or 37.5. X-ray spectrum sources for simulation were generated by 6- and 9-MeV electron impacts on the tungsten target using MCNP6. The object in the simulation was designed using metallic material of various thicknesses inside the steel container. Using the results of the computational simulation, we calculated the change in the scatter-to-primary ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio improvement factor according to the grid ratio and the grid material, respectively. Results and Discussion: Changing the grid ratios of the anti-scatter grid and the grid material decreased the scatter linearly, affecting the signal-to-noise ratio. Conclusion: The grid ratio and material of the anti-scatter grid affected the response characteristics of a container scanner using high-energy X-rays, but to a minimal extent; thus, it may not be practically effective to incorporate anti-scatter grids into container scanners.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.49-97
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• 2014

This study is about the availability of Chinese internal arbitration institutions by Korean invested companies. Generally, Chinese internal arbitration institutions lack independence from government. However, because parties seeking an arbitration award have ways to get neutrality from internal arbitration institutions that guarantee party autonomy, these Korean companies can use Chinese internal arbitration institutions to resolve disputes in China. Special attention should be given to the following. First, because Korean companies invested in China are legally in the same position as Chinese companies, unless foreign-related factors intervene, when disputes occur with Chinese companies or individuals, the disputes correspond to internal dispute, and when it comes to choosing the arbitration institution, these Korean companies must choose either a Chinese internal arbitration institution or foreign-related arbitration institution. Second, most Chinese internal arbitration institutions still lack independence from government, which can influence the fairness of arbitration in the future. Therefore, Korean companies invested in China should think about alternative ways to get a minimum impartiality in arbitration cases. Third, the parties are allowed to choose arbitration rules freely in Beijing, Xian, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Hangzhou arbitration commissions. Therefore, in arbitration cases, the parties can get impartiality by choosing arbitrators according to the arbitration rules which they agree on, or by choosing partially modified arbitration rules of those arbitration commissions. Fourth, in order to get an impartial arbitration award from Chinese internal arbitration institutions in China, it is important for Korean lawyers or arbitration experts -- fluent in Chinese -- to be registered in the List of Arbitrators of Chinese internal arbitration institution by way of signing a MOU between the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board, or the Korean Association of Arbitration Studies and arbitration commissions such as those of Beijing, Xian, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Hangzhou which comparatively do guarantee party autonomy. Fifth, because application of the preservation of property before application of arbitration is not approved in China, in practice, in order to preserve property before application of arbitration, it is best to file another suit in China based on other legal issue (e.g., tort) independent from the contract which an arbitration agreement is applied to. Sixth, in arbitration commissions which allow different agreement regarding arbitration procedures or arbitration rules, it is possible to choose a neutral arbitrator from a third country as a presiding arbitrator via UNCITRAL arbitration rules or ICC arbitration rules. Seventh, in the case of Chinese internal arbitral award, because the court reviews the substantive matters to decide the refusal of compulsory execution, the execution rate could be relatively lower than that of foreign-related cases. Therefore, when Korean companies invested in China use Chinese internal arbitration institution, they should endure low rate of execution. Eighth, considering the operational experiences of public policy on foreign-related arbitration awards so far, in cases of Chinese internal arbitration award, the possibility of cancellation of arbitral award or the possibility to refuse to execute the award due to public policy is thought to be higher than that of foreign arbitral awards. Ninth, even though a treaty on judicial assistance in civil and commercial matters has been signed between Korea and China, and it includes a provision on acknowledgement and enforcement of arbitral award, when trying to resolve disputes through Chinese internal arbitration institution, the treaty would not be a big help to resolve the disputes, because the disputes between Korean companies invested in China and the party in China are not subject to the treaty. Tenth, considering recent tendency of conciliation by the arbitral tribunal in China and the voluntary execution rate of the parties, the system of conciliation by the arbitral tribunal is expected to affect as a positive factor the Korean companies that use Chinese internal arbitration institution. Finally, when using online arbitration, arbitration fees can be reduced, and if the arbitration commissions guaranteeing party autonomy have online arbitration system, the possibility of getting impartial arbitration award through them is higher. Therefore, the use of online arbitration system is recommended.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-50
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• 2014

The ubiquitous accessibility of information through mobile devices has led to an increased mobility of workers from their fixed workplaces. Market researchers estimate that by 2016, 350 million workers will be using their smartphones for business purposes, and the use of smartphones will offer new business benefits. Enterprises are now adopting mobile technologies for numerous applications to increase their operational efficiency, improve their responsiveness and competitiveness, and cultivate their innovativeness. For these reasons, various organizational aspects concerning "mobile work" have received a great deal of recent attention. Moreover, many CIOs plan to allocate a considerable amount of their budgets mobile work environments. In particular, with the consumerization of information technology, enterprise mobile applications (EMA) have played a significant role in the explosive growth of mobile computing in the workplace, and even in improving sales for firms in this field. EMA can be defined as mobile technologies and role-based applications, as companies design them for specific roles and functions in organizations. Technically, EMA can be defined as business enterprise systems, including critical business functions that enable users to access enterprise systems via wireless mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets. Specifically, EMA enables employees to have greater access to real-time information, and provides them with simple features and functionalities that are easy for them to complete specific tasks. While the impact of EMA on organizational workers' productivity has been given considerable attention in various literatures, relatively little research effort has been made to examine how EMA actually lead to users' job performance. In particular, we have a limited understanding of what the key antecedents are of such an EMA usage outcome. In this paper, we focus on employees' perceived job performance as the outcome of EMA use, which indicates the successful role of EMA with regard to employees' tasks. Thus, to develop a deeper understanding of the relationship among EMA, its environment, and employees' perceived job performance, we develop a comprehensive model that considers the perceived-fit between EMA and employees' tasks, satisfaction on EMA, and the organizational environment. With this model, we try to examine EMA to explain how job performance through EMA is revealed from both the task-technology fit for EMA and satisfaction on EMA, while also considering the antecedent factors for these constructs. The objectives of this study are to address the following research questions: (1) How can employees successfully manage EMA in order to enhance their perceived job performance? (2) What internal and/or external factors are important antecedents in increasing EMA users' satisfaction on MES and task-technology fit for EMA? (3) What are the impacts of organizational (e.g. organizational agility), and task-related antecedents (e.g., task mobility) on task-technology fit for EMA? (4) What are the impacts of internal (e.g., self-efficacy) and external antecedents (e.g., system reputation) for the habitual use of EMA? Based on a survey from 254 actual employees who use EMA in their workplace across industries, our results indicate that task-technology fit for EMA and satisfaction on EMA are positively associated with job performance. We also identify task mobility, organizational agility, and system accessibility that are found to be positively associated with task-technology fit for EMA. Further, we find that external factor, such as the reputation of EMA, and internal factor, such as self-efficacy for EMA that are found to be positively associated with the satisfaction of EMA. The present findings enable researchers and practitioners to understand the role of EMA, which facilitates organizational workers' efficient work processes, as well as the importance of task-technology fit for EMA. Our model provides a new set of antecedents and consequence variables for a TAM involving mobile applications. The research model also provides empirical evidence that EMA are important mobile services that positively influence individuals' performance. Our findings suggest that perceived organizational agility and task mobility do have a significant influence on task-technology fit for EMA usage through positive beliefs about EMA, that self-efficacy and system reputation can also influence individuals' satisfaction on EMA, and that these factors are important contingent factors for the impact of system satisfaction and perceived job performance. Our findings can help managers gauge the impact of EMA in terms of its contribution to job performance. Our results provide an explanation as to why many firms have recently adopted EMA for efficient business processes and productivity support. Our findings additionally suggest that the cognitive fit between task and technology can be an important requirement for the productivity support of EMA. Further, our study findings can help managers in formulating their strategies and building organizational culture that can affect employees perceived job performance. Managers, thus, can tailor their dependence on EMA as high or low, depending on their task's characteristics, to maximize the job performance in the workplace. Overall, this study strengthens our knowledge regarding the impact of mobile applications in organizational contexts, technology acceptance and the role of task characteristics. To conclude, we hope that our research inspires future studies exploring digital productivity in the workplace and/or taking the role of EMA into account for employee job performance.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.101-118
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• 2017

Purpose : This paper explores the extent to which ZangFu diagrams made after Northern Song Dynasty were influenced by ZangFu diagrams made before Northern Song Dynasty, and how diagrams of the whole body and heart originated from MingTangZangFuTu and affected each other when quoted in books published after Northern Song Dynasty. Method : The author used four form factors including heart shape, internal curved lines, cylinder-like structures above heart, and wuzangxi (五臟系) which resembles a lotus flower which has not yet bloomed, to analyze and compare different ZangFu diagrams before and after the Northern Song Dynasty. Results : Two form factors, the shape of heart and wuzangxi, are described in ZangFu diagrams before Northern Song, and may have influenced ZangFu diagrams after Northern Song. However, the other two form factors (internal curved lines and cylinder-like structures above the heart) did not influence ZangFu diagrams after Northern Song. All form factors of heart found in WuCangLiuFuZhiTu (within the whole body) and diagram of heart in ZhenJiuJuYing (鍼灸聚英) were most similar, but the two paintings became less similar as they were cited in several books. With the exception of the form factor with structures above heart, the three other form factors are almost identical between two paintings produced after Northern Song dynasty, as displayed in the same book. Conclusion : ZangFu diagrams of the heart produced after Northern Song Dynasty, were not completely based on ZangFu diagrams made before Northern Song Dynasty. Diagrams of whole body and those of the heart were changed, while influencing each other after Northern Song.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2011

본 연구는 급식업체 소비자를 대상으로 만족과 사후행동에 관한 연관관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 선행연구를 통해 도출된 14개의 속성을 바탕으로 요인분석과 회귀분석을 통해 만족을 규정하였다. 급식업체 소비자를 대상으로 총 281개의 응답을 확보하였고, SPSS 18.0 ver을 활용하였다. 요인분석결과 베리맥스 회전방식을 채택하였으며, KMO값은 0.634, $x^2$=610.084, 유의확률 p<0.001, 총분산 설명력은 61.685%로 나타났다. 5개의 요인이 도출되었고, 각각 재료 음식, 메뉴, 관리, 대부환경으로 명명하였다. 타당성을 나타내는 크롬바하 알파계수는 0.703으로 나타났다. 설명력 16.3%에 만족에는 재료, 관리, 내적환경이 만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사후행동에 미치는 영향에는 유의수준이 p<0.001로 나타났지만, 다른 산업분야에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 한계는 대학의 급식업체 소비자를 대상으로 하여 일반화의 한계점을 갖고 있으며, 후속연구가 지속적으로 필요하다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.187-205
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• 2012

In this study, 150 previous studies of young children's challenging behavior, conducted over the past 10 years, from 2003 to 2012, were selected. These studies were in relation to young children both with and without disabilities, and they were thus used for the purposes of comparative analysis. The major findings are as follows. First, research on challenging behavior not only of young children with disabilities but also of those without disabilities has been an increasing trend from 2008. While most studies of those without disabilities were based on observations by parents or teachers using a variety of tools, studies regarding those with disabilities mainly used single-subject research methods using an operational definition. Second, the bulk of the studies of young children without disabilities were focused on interaction between various children's internal variables and a variety of parent-related variables related to the occurrence of challenging behavior. In comparison, studies of young children with disabilities were focused excessively on direct intervention after the occurrence of problems. Regarding those without disabilities, the interaction between children's temperament, internal variables, and their mothers' parenting behavior, external variables were the main areas of interest for these researchers. There is clearly a growing need for more active research aimed at the prevention of challenging behavior. Challenging behavior in early childhood has an influence not only on each child's present and future academic achievement levels and their quality of life but also on the quality of instruction in classroom available to all children.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6519-6522
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• 2013

Background: Genetic polymorphisms of TP63 have been suggested to influence susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma development in East Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between common polymorphisms in the TP63 gene and the risk of lung adenocarcinoma, as well as interactions of the polymorphisms with environmental risk factors in Chinese non-smoking females. Methods: A case-control study of 260 cases and 318 controls was conducted. Data concerning demographic and risk factors were obtained for each subject. The genetic polymorphisms were determined by Taqman real-time PCR and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results: For 10937405, carriers of the CT genotype or at least one T allele (CT/TT) had lower risks of lung adenocarcinoma compared with the homozygous wild CC genotype in Chinese nonsmoking females (adjusted ORs were 0.68 and 0.69, 95%CIs were 0.48-0.97 and 0.50-0.97, P values were 0.033 and 0.030, respectively). Allele comparison showed that the T allele of rs10937405 was associated with a decreased risk of lung adenocarcinoma with an OR of 0.78 (95%CI=0.60-1.01, P=0.059). Our results showed that exposure to cooking oil fumes was associated with increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma in Chinese nonsmoking females (adjusted OR=1.58, 95%CI=1.11-2.25, P=0.011). However, we did not observe a significant interaction of cooking oil fumes and TP63 polymorphisms. Conclusion: TP63 polymorphism might be a genetic susceptibility factor for lung adenocarcinoma in Chinese non-smoking females, but no significant interaction was found with cooking oil fume exposure.