• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.329-336
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• 2003

Objective : We evaluated the therapeutic effect of Banwhasasimtang dry extract powder on gastrointestinal symptoms and its side effects in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods : Patients with functional dyspepsia, defined as discomfort in the epigastrium. A total 45 patients participated in this study. Dyspeptic symptoms ratio was obtained by patients, total point of symptom score/total 21 points x 100(%). On each of symptom after 4 weeks administration of Banwhasashim-tang was made by variation of symptom score: If symptoms score of posttreatment is lower than that of pretreatment, it is improved ; Otherwise aggravated, and if there is no change between them, unchangeable. When a full health condition of normal control is assumed 100%, relative health condition of dyspeptic patient could be calculated from 'full health condition-dyspeptic symptoms ratio'. Therefore a whole satisfaction rate on symptom improvement was presented with variation of a relative health condition to dyspepsia between pretreatment and post. Results : Banwhasashimtang significantly improved symptoms in patients. The significance was shown in both all seven items(p<0.01, respectively) and 19.2% (p<0.01) of increase of a whole satisfaction rate on symptom improvement. There is no remarkable side-effect in all laboratory test, excepting 1 case of abdominal pain and another one case of recurred pain of chronic prostatitis. Conclusion : Banwhasashimtang extract provides symptomatic relief in functional dyspepsia and is no remarkable side-effect drug.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.572-589
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examines the effect of Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang on Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI). Methods: RCTs were included that tested the effect of Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang on BPPV. A study of the literature in the CNKI was performed for papers published from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2021. Results: A total of eight RCTs met the inclusion criteria. All studies identified the effect of Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang in the treatment of BPPV. The effectiveness of treatment was higher in the intervention group than in the control group, as shown through evaluation indicators, including the total effective rate, dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), and blood lipids. Conclusion: Treatment with Banhabaakchulcheonma-tang was found to be effective in treating BPPV. However, due to the low quality of available studies, the significance of this conclusion is somewhat limited. Further clinical studies are needed on the development of diagnosis and treatment methods for BPPV based on Korean medicine.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.675-702
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• 2023

Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of using Yijung-tang to treat chronic gastritis through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: The search was conducted using keywords such as "gastritis", "Lizhong", "Yijung", and "Chronic gastritis" on July 31, 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted according to outcome measurements, such as total effective rate (TER), Traditional chinese medicine symptom score (TSS), gastric hormones, and symptom relief time, using the Review Manager website. Results: A total of 11 RCT studies were selected. The treatment group (Yijung-tang-gagam or Yijung-tang-gagam+Western medicine) showed significant improvement effects in terms of TER, TSS, serum gastrointestinal hormones (motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), and somatostatin (SS)), and symptom relief time compared to the control group (Western medicine). TER-RR : 1.20, 95% CI : 1.11 to 1.30, P≤0.00001, RR : 1.21, 95% CI : 1.14 to 1.28, P≤0.00001; MTL-MD : 35.99, 95% CI : 30.79 to 41.20, P≤0.00001); GAS-MD : 103.33, 95% CI : 97.62 to 109.04, P≤0.00001); SS : MD : -37.19, 95% CI : -41.75 to -32.64, P≤0.00001; symptom relief time (nausea)-MD : -1.96, 95% CI : -2.47 to -1.45, P≤0.00001; symptom relief time (colic)-MD : -1.75, 95% CI : -2.31 to -1.18, P≤0.00001. Conclusion: This study suggests that Yijung-tang is effective against chronic gastritis. However, the number of studies was insufficient, and the diagnosis and evaluation criteria were not standardized. Furthermore, because of the low quality of the included studies, more clinical studies need to be conducted to increase the possibility of clinical use.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.79-90
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• 2003

Internal metering policy(IMP) is a control strategy to improve the quality of traffic flow within a network by avoiding queue spillback or intersection blockage. It is a more aggressive control strategy than the current control strategy employed in COSMOS. A preliminary study was made to incorporate the IMP logic within the COSMOS system to improve its' functionality at oversaturated conditions. From the study results, a set of guideline for real implementation was recommended : traffic conditions, detector configurations, and control procedures, etc. A simulation study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed guidelines. It was shown that the occurrence of queue spillback was minimized. and overall network performance was also improved by applying IMP logic as compared to COSMOS control onl.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.267-276
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• 2001

Background: P wave dispersion(PWD) is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimal P wave duration in any of the 12 leads of the surface ECG. The prolongation of atrial conduction time and the inhomogeneous propagation of sinus impulse are known electrophysiologic features in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(PAF). The purpose of this study was to determine the role of P wave dispersion for the prediction of PAF and to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic antiarrhythmic therapy. Materials and Methods: The study population included 20 patients with a history of idiopathic PAF and 20 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. We measured the maximum P wave duration(P maximum) and P wave dispersion from 12 lead ECG. Results: P maximum and P dispersion in idiopathic PAF were significantly higher than normal control group($97.2{\pm}12$, $48.5{\pm}9$ msec vs, $76.5{\pm}11$, $21{\pm}8$ msec, respectively p<0.001, <0.001). After 12-month follow up period P maximum and P dispersion were significantly reduced than those of initial state($77.2{\pm}13$, $26.4{\pm}9$ msec vs. $97.2{\pm}12$, $48.5{\pm}9$ msec, respectively p<0.001,<0.001). Conclusion: P dispersion and P maximum were significantly different between patients with idiopathic PAF and healthy control group. Those are easily accessible, non-invasive simple electrocadiographic markers that could be used for the prediction and prognostic factors of idiopathic PAF.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.564-570
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• 2005

This paper provides a basis for investigating 'The Origin of Artificial Species,' as a robot can be considered as an artificial creature. To design an artificial creature, its general internal architecture is presented and its artificial chromosomes are proposed as its essential components. Rity as an artificial creature is developed in a virtual world of PC to test the world's first robotic 'chromosomes,' which are a set of computerized DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) codes for creating robots (artificial creatures) that can have their own personality, and can ultimately reproduce their kind, or even evolve as a distinct species. The effectiveness of the artificial chromosomes is demonstrated by implanting the genetic code into two Ritys living in a virtual world, in order to define their personality.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1071-1084
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• 1992

In this paper, the method for navigation and obstacle avoidance of the autonomous mobile robot is proposed. The proposed algorithms are based on the fuzzy inference system which is able to deal with imprecise and uncertain information. The self-tuning algorithm, which adopts the simplex method, modifies the parameters of membership functions of the input-output linguistic variables by changing the support of these fuzzy sets according to the integral of absolute error(IAE) of the system response. The wall-follwing navigation and obstacle avoidance of the mobile robot are based on range data measured from the internal sensors(encoder) and the outer sensors(sonar sensor). In addition, the algorithm for the obstacle detection proposed in this paper is based on the expert's experience. Finally, the effectiveness of navigation and obstacle avoidance algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experiment.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.290-298
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• 1991

In the paper, the bilinear transformation method is applied to the design of servo system adopting the use of the internal model principle and the pole assignment method in a specified region. The pole assignment problem for the augmented system has been solved by using Tustin's function. The properties of Tustin's function have been shown in relation to the s-plane and z-planes, and the feedback law relationship between the original system and the transformed system has been cleared. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is proved via application for the cart system and the designed cart system is implemented by digital control with microcomputer and A-D/D-A converter.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.2046-2048
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• 2003

In this paper, a neural disturbance observer(NDO) is developed and its application to the control of a nonlinear system with the internal and/or external disturbances is presented. To construct the NDO, a parameter tuning method is proposed and shown to be useful in adjusting the parameters of the NDO. The tuning method employes the disturbance observation error to guarantee that the NDO monitors unknown disturbances. Each of the nodes of the hidden layer in the NDO network is a radial basis function(RBF). In addition, the relationships between the suggested NDO-based control and the conventional adaptive controls reported in the previous literatures are discussed. And it is shown in a rigorous manner that the disturbance observation error converges to a region of which size can be kept arbitrarily small. Finally, an example and some computer simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and the applicability of the NDO.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1434-1447
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• 2018

The control design of inductive power transfer (IPT) systems has attracted a lot of attention in the field of wireless power transmission. Due to the high-order resonant networks and multiple loads in IPT systems, a simplified model of an IPT system is preferred for analysis and control design, and a controller with strong robustness is required. Hence, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for IPT systems is proposed in this paper. To realize the employment of ADRC, firstly a small-signal model of an LC series-compensative IPT system is derived based on generalized state-space averaging (GSSA), then the ADRC is implemented in the designed IPT system. The ADRC not only provides superior robustness to unknown internal and external disturbances, but also requires few knowledge of the IPT system. Due to the convenient realization of ADRC, the designed IPT system retains its simple structure without any additional circuits. Finally, a frequency domain analysis and experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the employed ADRC, especially its robustness in the presence of frequency drifts and other common disturbances.