• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 2022

In this study, the operation characteristics of the internal reforming type molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) were studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis according to the steam to carbon ratio (S/C ratio), operating temperature, and gas utilization. From the simulation results, the distribution of gas composition due to the electrochemical reaction and the reforming reaction was predicted. The internal reforming type showed a lower temperature difference than the external reforming type MCFC. As the operating temperature decreased, less hydrogen was produced and the performance of the fuel cell also decreased. As the gas utilization rate decreased, more gas was injected into the same reaction area, and thus the performance of the fuel cell increased.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.337-352
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• 2000

According to the literatual study on the Infantile Vomiting since the publication of ${\ll}Hwangjenaekung{\gg}$, the results were as follows. 1. The causes of vomiting are classified into the following kind: external cause are the cold and heat, not external and internal are disorder of food and mood, internal are the dysfuntion of spleen, stomach, liver, kidney. 2. The Oriental Medical cause of Infantile Vomiting is disorder of food, intusion of outside evil, heat accumulation in the stomach, deficiency of stomach liquid, reverse flowing of Qi resulted from fear and being frightened. There are so many causes of Infantile Vomiting, but they are all related to the stomach. 3. The Western Medical cause of Infantile Vomiting are classified with the situation of stimulation, age, accompanied symptom. The main cause related with the age is inhalation of amniotic fluid, maternal blood, infectious disease, wrong lactation method, functional and organic abnormality. 4. The Infantile Vomiting is similar with the adults, but the spleen and stomach of infants is so feeble that the vomiting happens very easily. The reverse flowing of Qi resulted from fear and being frightened and disorder of food are the main cause in infants. 5. The cause of Infantile Vomiting between Oriental Medicine and Western's is so similar and both emphasized the function of spleen and stomach. But the comment on the external cause(cold, heat) and not internal & external cause(mood disorder) is a creative view of Oriental Medicine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.185-187
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• 2012

In this paper, the MR fluid damper to the application of the paramagnetic (paramagnetic) particles dispersed in the MR fluid inside the magnet current caused by the MR damper using the principles of the internal fluid delivery yield stress variation is characterized in Silky. In other words, the current strength of the MR fluid damper according to the internal friction coefficient varies phenomenon is to use. The MR fluid damper to control the MCU that you want to use Microchip's dsPIC chips, and current control in order to improve performance by using the PWM and UART communication to an external monitor to monitor the entire system was designed. In this study using MR fluid dampers and dsPIC chip dehydration process happens when a washing machine vibration and noise, vibration and noise reduction sikidorok washing machine protection systems are proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.8-13
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• 2018

A fluid-structure interaction analysis should be performed to evaluate the behavior of the internal fuel and its influence in order to confirm the structural soundness of the fuel tank against external impacts. In the past, fluid-structure interaction analyses have been limited to the obtention of numerical simulation results due to the need for considerable computational resources and excessive computation time. However, recently, computer performance has been dramatically improved, enabling complex numerical analyses such as fluid-structure interaction analysis to be conducted. Lagrangian and Euler coupling methods and Lagrangian based analysis methods are mainly used for fluid-structure interaction analysis. Since both of these methods have their advantages and disadvantages, it is necessary to select the more appropriate one when conducting a numerical analysis. In this study, a numerical analysis of a crash impact test for a fuel tank is performed using ALE. The purpose of the numerical analysis is to estimate the possibility of failure of the fuel tank mounted inside the container when it is subjected to a crash impact. As a result of the numerical analysis, the fluid behavior inside the fuel tank is investigated and the stress generated in the fuel tank and the container structure is calculated, thereby enabling the possibility of fuel tank failure and leakage of the internal fluid to be evaluated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.635-658
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• 2005

The possibility of detecting a crack in L-shaped pipes filled with fluid based on measurement of transverse natural frequencies is examined. The problem is solved by representing the crack by a massless rotational spring, simulating the out-of-plane transverse vibration only without solving the coupled torsional vibration and using the transfer matrix method for solution of the governing equation. The theoretical solutions are verified by experiments. The cracks considered are external, circumferentially oriented and have straight front. Pipes made of aluminium and mild steel are tested with water as internal fluid. Crack size to pipe thickness ratio ranging from 0.20 to 0.57 and fluid (gauge) pressure in the range of 0 to 10 atmospheres are examined. The rotational spring stiffness is obtained by an inverse vibration analysis and deflection method. The details of the two methods are given. The results by the two methods are presented graphically and show good agreement. Crack locations are also determined by the inverse analysis. The maximum absolute error in the location is 13.80%. Experimentally determined variation of rotational spring stiffness with ratio of crack size to thickness is utilized to predict the crack sizes. The maximum absolute errors in prediction of crack size are 17.24% and 16.90% for aluminium and mild steel pipes respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.873-876
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• 2002

This paper presents the effect of internal corrosion, external corrosion, material properties, operation condition, earthquake, traffic load and design thickness in pipeline on the failure prediction using a failure probability model. A nonlinear corrosion is used to represent the loss of pipe wall thickness with time. The effects of environmental, operational, and design random variables such as a pipe diameter, earthquake, fluid pressure, a corrosion rate, a material yield stress and a pipe thickness on the failure probability are systematically investigated using a failure probability model for the corrosion pipeline.

• Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.403-410
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• 2002

This paper presents the effect of internal corrosion, external corrosion, material properties, operation condition, earthquake, traffic load and design thickness in pipeline on the failure prediction using a failure probability model. A nonlinear corrosion is used to represent the loss of pipe wall thickness with time. The effects of environmental, operational, and design random variables such as a pipe diameter, earthquake, fluid pressure, a corrosion rate, a material yield stress and a pipe thickness on the failure probability are systematically investigated using a failure probability model for the corrosion pipeline.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2013

The wind-induced transient response of internal pressure following the creation of a sudden dominant opening during the occurrence of high external pressure, in low-rise residential and industrial buildings was numerically investigated. The values of the ill-defined parameters namely the flow contraction coefficient, loss coefficient and the effective slug length were calibrated by matching the analytical response with the computational fluid dynamics predictions. The effect of a sudden i.e., "instantaneously created" windward opening in the Texas Technical University (TTU) test building envelope was studied for two different envelope flexibility-leakage combinations namely: (1) a quasi-statically flexible and non-porous envelope and (2) a quasi-statically flexible and porous envelope. The responses forced by creating the openings at different time leads/lags with respect to the occurrence of the peak external pressure showed that for cases where the openings are created in close temporal proximity to the peak pressure, the transient overshoot values of internal pressure could be higher than the peak values of internal pressure in the pre-sequent or subsequent resonant response. In addition, the influence of time taken for opening creation on the level of overshoot was also investigated for the TTU building for the two different envelope characteristics. Non-dimensional overshoot factors are presented for a variety of cavity volume-opening area combinations for (1) buildings with rigid/quasi-statically flexible non-porous envelope, and (2) buildings with rigid/quasi-statically flexible and porous envelope (representing most low rise residential and industrial buildings). While the factors appear slightly on the high side due to conservative assumptions made in the analysis, a careful consideration regarding the implication of the timing and magnitude of such overshoots during strong gusts, in relation to the steady state internal pressure response in cyclonic regions, is warranted.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.298-303
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of slashpipe exercise on reducing the thickness of the left and right external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, erector spinae, and multifidus muscles. Methods: A total of 29 healthy adult men and women were included in the study. They performed trunk flexion in the supine position and trunk extension in the prone position with a slashpipe and weight bar. The external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis muscles were measured in the supine position, while the erector spinae and multifidus muscles were measured in the prone position. The data were analyzed using the SPSS ver 21.0 statistical program. The difference in thickness between the right and left sides of the trunk muscle was analyzed by repeated measures analysis. The statistical significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: The results showed that the slashpipe exercise reduced significantly the difference in thickness of the oblique internus and erector spinae muscles compared to the weight bar exercise. Conclusion: The chaotic fluidity of the fluid filled inside the slashpipe could be used as sensory feedback information on body mal-alignment, which would have positively affected the symmetrical contraction of the trunk muscles as a trigger for self-correction. Therefore, it will have a useful effect not only on the health of the general public, but also on low back patients and athletes with muscle asymmetry.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.211-221
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• 2017

Objectives : The practices of Wei-qi and Nutritive-qi are generally divided into external Mai and internal Mai. However, they are closely interrelated and practiced together. While taking these aspects into consideration, this paper attempts to make interpretations in relation with Nutritive-qi the disease pathogens that appear in Shanghanlun's disease symptoms. Methods : Using the practice and function of Nutritive-qi described in Huangdineijing, the paper shall make interpretations for the patterns of Mawhangtang, patterns of Gaejitang, and the pathologies of pain, oedema, and nosebleed as described in Shanghanlun. Results & Conclusions : The pain from the patterns of Gaejitang differ from that of the patterns of Mawhangtang. First, the pain from the the patterns of Gaejitang cannot be the main symptom. Even if there is a symptom of pain, it's severity is not serious. Second, the pain from the patterns of Gaejiang takes the form of stiffness, and not general bodily pain. The reason for this stiffness is because of the emptiness of Wei-qi that leads to the congestion of Nutritive-qi which in turn causes the lack of qi and blood flow in muscula area such as abdomins. The symptom of oedema where one's body becomes swollen comes from a number of pathogens. First, the flow of meridian becomes hindered due to external dampness, a character which tends to be adhesive when added with humidty, and this results in the blockage of water qi which then causes the coagulation of nutritive blood. Second, when toxic heat is repressed and blocked within the lesser-yang channel, lesser-yang meridian stops working, which causes nutritive blood to clog at the front and back of ears since lesser-yang channel flows through that portion of body. Third, although oedema is not specifically mentioned in the sentences, but there exists the patterns of Daechungyongtang where water lumps are formed due to the accumulation and blockage of watery dampness. The patterns of Daechungyongtang is cuased when meridian is hindered from externally discharging body fluid due to a problem with meridian that blocks the fumigated internal heat which turns into bodily fluid from being discharged externally.