• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.13-16
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 입체 영상 시스템 중 전송단에서의 영상의 입체감 분석을 위한 변이추정 방식에 대해 중점적으로 연구하였다. 변이추정은 기본적으로 MAE(mean absolute error)를 최소가 되도록 하는 동시에 변이를 각 방향에서의 경계값의 크기에 반비례한 정도로 평활화하는 반복적 블록 매칭 방식을 적용하였다. 수신단에서는 복원된 영상과 변이 정보를 이용하여 IVR(Intermediate View Reconstruction)을 수행하였으며, 보간법(interpolation)을 사용하는 동시에 occlusion 영역에서의 좌우 영상중 한 영상에서 외삽법(extrapolation)을 택하였다. 이 알고리즘으로 영상의 smooth 영역에서 일정하게 평활화된 변이를 추정하였고, 경계부분에서는 평활화방식에서 흔히 발생하는 oversmoothing 문제를 해결하였다. 또한 IVR에서는 다른 알고리즘에 비해 영상의 경계 부분을 살리며, occlusion 영역을 잘 보존하는 특성을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.55-68
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• 1994

It has been generally agreed that the city form especially in the preindustrial age resembled their own world view, either in the western or the eastern cultural sphere. So, we aimed to redefine the characteristics of oriental world views compared with the western one, in order to find the relative nature of the Korean townscapes. It is said that the both world views(of western and oriental) are composed of the contrastive binary concepts in common, but there seems to have been nearly contrary differences in these two world views. Wheareas the former was based on the passively segregational and oppositional dualism, the latter, on the dynamically harmonious and complementary dualism, called generally as 'Yin(陰) and Yang(陽)'. Thus, the oriental world view can be thought as the 'philosophy of the relationship', which aim to unify the dualism ultimately with the help of this relationship. So, we can assume a certain third and intermediate concept between these dual concepts of the world view, which can unify these two into the one holistic whole. And the focuses of the most traditional oriental philosophies were concentrated on this, so called, 'the third concept', namely Taoistic 'Tochu(道樞)', Buddhistic 'Kong(空)' or Confucian 'Chung(中)'. And this triple concept, including the third one, of the oriental world view revealed a more concrete form of the cosmological relationship, as the triple structure; 'Heaven(天), Earth(地), and Man(人)', in which the 'Man' is thought as the middle or the center of the world. In this manner, we could found this oriental 'triple world view' was revealed in the real topology of most places in the Korean traditional city and the whole townscape itself. So, in the scale of houses and the roads around them, we can construe the 'Maru(a central board-floored room)' and the 'Madang(a inner court)' as the 'third and intermediate space(中)' between the interior space(陰) and exterior space(陽) in the former, and between the private house(陰) and the public residential road(陽) in the former case, and between the dual parts(陰,陽) of the city representing the contrary social classes and the contrastive visual landscapes. So, we insist that this 'triple world view' represented in the townscape can be one of the most important characteristics of Korean traditional townscape. And this third intermediate spaces, which generate the active social contact and the harmonious relationship among the people, can be the most important cues, as the central places, in the interpretation of the Korean townscapes even in contemporary circumstance, which inherits its spatial and social frame more or less from the preceding one.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.10B
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• pp.1070-1075
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose new depth estimation and intermediate view synthesis algorithms for three-dimensional video generation. In order to improve temporal consistency of the depth map sequence, we add a temporal weighting function to the conventional matching function when we compute the matching cost for estimating the depth information. In addition, we propose a boundary noise removal method in the view synthesis operation. after finding boundary noise areas using the depth map, we replace them with corresponding texture information from the other reference image. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm improved temporal consistency of the depth sequence and reduced flickering artifacts in the virtual view. It also improved visual quality of the synthesized virtual views by removing the boundary noise.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.343-359
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• 2020

In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for three-dimensional (3D) shape recognition using local features of model views and its sparse representation. The algorithm starts with the normalization of 3D models and the extraction of 2D views from uniformly distributed viewpoints. Consequently, the 2D views are stacked over each other to from view cubes. The algorithm employs the descriptors of 3D local features in the view cubes after applying Gabor filters in various directions as the initial features for 3D shape recognition. In the training stage, we store some 3D local features to build the prototype dictionary of local features. To extract an intermediate feature vector, we measure the similarity between the local descriptors of a shape model and the local features of the prototype dictionary. We represent the intermediate feature vectors of 3D models in the sparse domain to obtain the final descriptors of the models. Finally, support vector machine classifiers are used to recognize the 3D models. Experimental results using the Princeton Shape Benchmark database showed the average recognition rate of 89.7% using 20 views. We compared the proposed approach with state-of-the-art approaches and the results showed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.6A
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• pp.610-617
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• 2002

In this paper, a new intermediate view reconstruction technique by using a disparity estimation method based-on the adaptive matching window size is proposed. In the proposed method, once the feature values are extracted from the input stereo image, then the matching window size for the intermediate view reconstruction is adaptively selected in accordance with the magnitude of this feature values. That is, coarse matching is performed in the region having smaller feature values while accurate matching is carried out in the region having larger feature values by comparing with the predetermined threshold value. Accordingly, this new approach is not only able to reduce the mismatching probability of the disparity vector mostly happened in the accurate disparity estimation with a small matching window size, but is also able to reduce the blocking effect occurred in the disparity estimation with a large matching window size. Some experimental results on the 'Parts' and 'Piano' images show that the proposed method improves the PSNR about 2.32∼4.16dB and reduces the execution time to about 39.34∼65.58% than those of the conventional matching methods.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 2007

Multi-view video has recently gained much attraction from academic and commercial fields because it can deliver the immersive viewing of natural scenes. This paper presents multi-view video processing being composed of intermediate view reconstruction (IVR), graphics composition, and multi-view video viewer. First we generate virtual views between multi-view cameras using depth and texture images of the input videos. Then we mix graphic objects to the generated view images. The multi-view video viewer is developed to examine the reconstructed images and composite images. As well, it can provide users with some special effects of multi-view video. We present experimental results that validate our proposed method and show that graphic objects could become the inalienable part of the multi-view video.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.2175-2190
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• 2011

This paper presents the effects of depth map quantization for multiview intermediate image generation using depth image-based rendering (DIBR). DIBR synthesizes multiple virtual views of a 3D scene from a 2D image and its associated depth map. However, it needs precise depth information in order to generate reliable and accurate intermediate view images for use in multiview 3D display systems. Previous work has extensively studied the pre-processing of the depth map, but little is known about depth map quantization. In this paper, we conduct an experiment to estimate the depth map quantization that affords acceptable image quality to generate DIBR-based multiview intermediate images. The experiment uses computer-generated 3D scenes, in which the multiview images captured directly from the scene are compared to the multiview intermediate images constructed by DIBR with a number of quantized depth maps. The results showed that there was no significant effect on depth map quantization from 16-bit to 7-bit (and more specifically 96-scale) on DIBR. Hence, a depth map above 7-bit is needed to maintain sufficient image quality for a DIBR-based multiview 3D system.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.38-44
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• 2004

In this paper, a server and client simulator for the web-based multi-view 3D image communication system is implemented by using the IEEE 1394 digital cameras, Intel Xeon server computer and Microsoft's DirectShow programming library. In the proposed system, two-view image is initially captured by using the IEEE 1394 stereo camera and then, this data is compressed through extraction of its disparity information in the Intel Xeon server computer and transmitted to the client system, in which multi-view images are generated through the intermediate views reconstruction method and finally display on the 3D display monitor. Through some experiments it is found that the proposed system can display 8-view image having a grey level of 8 bits with a frame rate of 15 fps.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.2295-2298
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• 2003

The correspondence problem for stereo image matching plays an important role in expanding view points as multi view video applications become more popular. The conventional disparity estimation algorithms have limitation to find exact disparities because they consider not image features but similiar intensity points. Thus we propose an efficient disparity estimation algorithm considering features of stereo image pairs. As simulation results, our proposed method confirms better intermediate views than the existing block-matching methods.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-92
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• 2024

Mathematical argument has been given much attention in the research literature as a mediating construct between reasoning and proof. However, there have been relatively less efforts made in the research that examined the nature of empirical arguments represented in textbooks and how students perceive them as proofs. Cases of point include Intermediate Value Theorem [IVT] and Maximum-Minimum theorem [MMT] in grade 11 in Korea. In this study, using Toulmin's framework (1958), the author analyzed the substance of the empirical arguments provided for both MMT and IVT to draw comparisons between the nature of datum, claims, and warrants among empirical arguments offered in textbooks. Also, an online survey was administered to learn about how students view as proofs the empirical arguments provided for MMT and IVT. Results indicate that nearly half of students tended to accept the empirical arguments as proofs. Implications are discussed to suggest alternative approaches for teaching MMT and IVT.