• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.375-391
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• 2022

Improving public awareness of wood is crucial for expanding the use of wood and establishing a wood culture. In this study, the environment and trends of the public's wood utilization were analyzed using a questionnaire survey and online text mining at a time when eco-friendly practices are gaining popularity. As a result of reducing climatic and environmental concerns and its positive physical and psychological effects, the use of wood is predicted to rise in areas intimately connected to everyday living, such as wood furniture, wooden structures, and interior materials. Nonetheless, there was a negative awareness that wood was expensive, difficult to maintain, and associated with deforestation. The correlations between wood-related search terms on major Korean portal sites were analyzed and categorized into five groups: Wooden architecture, cultural education, woodworking, wood industry, and wood policy. As a building material, wood was seen as more traditional and friendly than reinforced concrete and stone. Eighty-six percent of respondents expected to utilize wood as a building material in the future, regardless of whether the wood is domestically produced or imported. Sixty-five percent responded favorably about the effects of wood on the health of wooden home inhabitants. It is believed that both active publicity and quantifiable value analysis of human and environmental friendliness are required to increase pro-environment awareness of wood utilization.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the susceptibility of wood-based composite panels exposed to mould and sap-stain fungi. Five wood deterioration fungi (three mould fungi, two sap stain fungi) were inoculated into two types of commercial wood-based composite panels (medium density fiberboard and particleboard), which have three class of formaldehyde emission. All wood-based composite panels were more or less susceptible to mould and sap stain fungi. The attacking mode of the fungi was highly dependent on formaldehyde emission. This study indicates that all wood-based composite panels, specially low formaldehyde emission class panels should be considered to prevent fungal deterioration when they are used for exterior and humid interior applications.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2006

Because the surface of pine wood is very soft, there have been many attempts, like as surface coating, resin impregnation, and densificationt, to harden the surface of wood for its interior use. This study was carried out for surface hardening of pine wood by laminating of melamine resin sheet. The effect of laminating method on the characteristics of melamine resin sheet-laminated wood(MLW) was investigated. Flat-sawn softwoods were suitable for MLW making. And the pre-drying of wood at $105^{\circ}C$ for 30min, before laminating, was effective for preparing of defect-free MLW. The abrasion resistance of pine wood was greatly improved by laminating of melamine resin sheet on its surface. Consequently, the laminating of melamine resin sheet was proved to be a favorable method for improvement of surface abrasiveness of pine wood.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.140-143
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• 2004

The move from steel tubes to bent wood and the 'laboratory experiments' with wood which Aalto carried out in order to create furniture gave him vital impulses as he sought and found his own architecture style in the 1930s. Like his architecture Aalto's chair designs represent a 'humanized' interpretation of the severe aesthetic and radical technological experimentation of the Modern Movement. The purpose of this study is to find what is the result of the form of his works on the basis of main idea and tend of his works, to search the element and principle of formal composition, to establish the relation-ship between the architect's philosophy and the form of his works. Aalto's furniture, constructed of laminate bent wood or moulded plywood, is not only functionalistic, but also ideal for the psychological need of the people, which is the special quality that complements the Factionalism that features mostly on the metal tube furniture. It shows that Aalto is a humanist dealing with mechanized age.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.109-120
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find out the Consumers' value about Environmentally-Friendly Interior Finishing Material and to provide essential data for the development of realistic environmentally-friendly material also in compliance with the requirement of consumer. The questionnaire inquiry used of Analytic Hierarchy Process was carried out for both designers and common housewives to characterize the main demanding stratums for interior finishing goods in October, 2004. The results were summarized as follows; The interior finishing materials regarded as important in residential space were by the order of Wood Floor for Ondol, Wall Paper, Emulsion Paint; Environmentally-Friendly Wall Paper appeared its value of 1.56 times than Ordinary Wall Paper, in the same case of Emulsion Paint is at 1.63 times, Wood Floor at 2.12 times, respectively. Besides, as the result of correlation and regression analysis, they preferred to environmentally-friendly property by the nearer women, the nearer larger incomes, the nearer highly educated, and the nearer non-experts (housewives).

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.234-240
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• 2022

Use of processed timber can help reduce environmental damage and the economic burden of resources (important problems with use of raw timber) and can meet the needs of various fields where the sensibility of raw timber is required. Veneer wood is positioned as a high-value-added product due to its luxury and beauty, and it is used in various fields as a building-related material, such as interior decoration, furniture, flooring, building interior materials, and lumber. Dyeing is necessary to enhance the aesthetic appearance of this pattern and to expand its use. Therefore, in this study, we compared and analyzed the dye ability of oak-patterned materials with reactive dyes, and evaluated their performance as interior materials. As a result, the oak pattern was dyed with 9 kinds of reactive dyes and a comparative analysis was performed. The most suitable conditions are 50℃, 2 hours, and 0.5% o.w.f. In addition, evaluating resilience to daylight, resilience to rubbing, fire resistance, and flame retardance, yielded results suitable for use as an interior material. In this study, the dyeability of veneer dyed under various conditions using reactive dyes was compared and analyzed the performance as an interior material was evaluated.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

Toxic gases from five types of interior building materials were investigated according to Naval Engineering Standard (NES) 713. The materials were plywood, indoor wall coverings (wood wall plate members and pine wood), reinforced Styrofoam insulation, laminate flooring, and PVC. Specimens were measured using an NES 713 toxicity test apparatus to analyze the hazardous substances in combustion gas from the materials. We used the US Department of Defense standard (MIL-DTL, Military Standard) to calculate the toxicity index of the combustion gas. Emissions of $CO_2$ from all specimens did not exceed the NES 713 limit of 100,000 ppm. The amount of CO gas emissions from reinforced Styrofoam insulation was 6,098 ppm. 25 ppm and 49 ppm of formaldehyde were released from the reinforced Styrofoam insulation and PVC flooring, respectively. These values were less than the limit of 400 ppm. The highest emissions were from $NO_X$ emitted by plywood and were above the limit of 250 ppm. The toxicity index of the specimens were calculated as 5.19 for plywood, 4.13 for PVC flooring, 2.35 for reinforced Styrofoam insulation, 2.34 for laminate flooring, and 1.22 for indoor wall coverings (pine wood). Our research helps us to understand the properties of these five interior materials by analyzing the combustion gas and explaining the toxicity of constituents and the toxicity index. Also, it would be useful for giving fundamentals to guide the safe use of interior materials for applications.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.7-13
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• 2004

In this study, the Korean pine wood (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) and Italian poplar wood (Populus euramericana Guinier) was treated with a mixture of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and boric acid. Their usability as fire retardant and as decay-resistant construction and interior materials were evaluated by testing of chemicals, corrosion rate and absorption rate, weight loss and chemical contents. An experiment was performed to compare treated pine wood and Italian poplar wood. According to the results, Italian poplar wood had higher specific gravity and retention of chemicals than pine wood, and treated wood showed higher decay-resistance than untreated one. Weight loss was less in treated wood than untreated one because the degree of decay was lower in the former than the latter. Corrosion rate and absorption rate met the KS standard for wood preservative performance. The chemical contents analysis was carried out to determine the degree of decay and it was found that the preservative effect of chemical treatment was lower in Italian poplar wood than in pine wood.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to increase the utilizability of domestic thinning and small diameter wood as applying in pattern design which can be used in interior decoration, wood craft and wood furniture, and in developing the designs of furniture and household items. We investigated the physical and mechanical characteristics of Betula platyphylla Wood by pressurization and heat treatment. Color change is clear, and the wood density is increased with increasing pressing rate. The compressive strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending strength are decreased as heating time is increased after pressing. However, shrinkage is improved after pressing and heating.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.114-121
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• 2005

Louis 1. Kahn was a wise architect who learned from history. He developed his own unique architecture by combining his creative sense with design principles and vocabularies that can be found in historical architecture. When restricting a space, he surrounded the space with thick walls as it had been done in historical buildings. The interior space encompassed by this method became a center-oriented and stable space. The objective of this study is to find the characteristics of Kahn's interior spaces by analyzing his projects in terms of space, form, daylight and materials. For this purpose, five works that are considered to have significance from the aspect of interior design were selected and analyzed. The characteristics realized through this study are as follows. A) Spatial features: 1) Generally speaking, each required space has been arranged symmetrically. 2) Being clearly defined as the main space, the subsidiary space, or the service space, each space also was placed very functionally. 3) The space encompassed by thick walls became a center-oriented, stable space. And in most case, it was characterized as a dark space. B) Formative features: 4) The space was defined as a basic solid such as a cylinder, a hexahedron, and an octagonal box, and was developed into a complex shape by the recessed windows. 5) Historical vocabularies such as an arch, a vault, and a dome were reinterpreted in new ways by kahn's own eyes. 6) Haying diverse shapes, the skylights enrich the space in terms of form. C) Daylight feature: 7) The vertical light entering through the skylights creates a solemn and mysterious atmosphere. 8) Given the shadows from the windows that change according to time, the interior space becomes a very vivid space. D) Material feature: 9) Harmonized with cold and smooth materials such as exposed concrete, metal, and glass, the interior space provides a modern atmosphere. 10) Warm appearing wood was used for furniture and part of walls or floors. The effective use of wood takes on a role that is quite complementary to the cold ambience of the smooth and cold materials. 11) With flexibility In building shapes, the concrete becomes the form-endowing materials.