• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

Purpose: Since the end of the 1990s the question of detecting blind and vision-impaired persons' tactile walking surface indicators have been rasied, the study of detecting tactile walking surface indicators has been started in Japan, German, and Sweden. Through the study, Japan, German, Sweden, and international's standard was revised. The Korean standard of tactile walking surface indicators was revised in 2013, the remarkable point was missed. Therefore, this study suggested deriving a range of types and dimensions of tactile walking surface indicators reasonable, and presenting the design principles for the development of new tactile walking surface indicators though domestic and international literature review. Method: This study was proceeded by comparison analysis of results from various tactile walking surface indicators' literature review from Japan, German, and Sweden, the most suitable range of types and dimensions was abstracted. Then, the range of types and dimensions was compared to the international standards and international reference standard, the ground rules were confirmed to apply new tactile walking surface indicators design. Results: Rationally, the wide and diameter of projecting line and projecting point should be downsized in order to improve detecting blind and vision-impaired persons' tactile walking surface indicators. And with same purpose, the ratio of the wide and diameter of projecting line and projecting point should be decided. The design of the tactile walking surface indicators in addition to the size and spacing of the protrusions should be to reflect the common elements that have been suggested a number of standard criteria. Implication: In this study, the design principles was derived through test results and theoretical studies, and new tactile walking surface indicators would need to be validated in local user.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.3-13
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyse the difference between courtyard housings of hot-humid region and hot-dry region in India, in order to identify the affection of climate on the space arrangement of housing. The study starts from the curiosity about similar space structure of Indian housings at different climate area. Indian housings usually have courtyard at the center of its plan, though the 'Courtyard housing' is typical form of dry region's house type. Research method is comparative analysis of traditional houses of India, and the samples are selected from hot-dry city, Ahmedabad and hot-humid city, Bangalore. The conclusion is drawn through comparing main houses with traditional houses of other dry city - Jaipur - and humid cities - Trivandrum and Nilambur. It shows that both dry and humid region's housings has courtyard in common, but their spatial structures are not same at all. Houses of dry region shows organically connected spatial form, in order to maximize the cooling effect of ventilation. In contrast, the plan of houses in humid region shows opened, but can be closed in any time to prevent the penetration of moisture. Both Parekh house(Ahmedabad) and Koramangala house(Bangalore) left inconvenience of its arrangement, though the ventilation of air is the most important point of sustainability in hot region. The study could be the practical reference data for advanced sustainable housings of India which may built in the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2012

This study aims at suggesting the applicability of color combination based upon the characteristics of environmental color perception and the nuance concept of Natural Color System(NCS). The results are summarized below: First, NCS is a scientific coloring system in consideration of the relevance between people, light and environment, to be based on a phenomenological point of view. NCS can be called a psychometric model reflecting our natural color sense. Second, the color triangle established by NCS is one of the methods of expression based on the human visual mechanism, which is classified by two attributes of hue and nuance, not by the three color attributes of hue, lightness and saturation. The nuance concept of NCS implies the impression, atmosphere and tone that are perceived in colors, which are related to lightness and saturation. Accordingly, this paper suggests that the coloring arrangement emphasizing nuance and tone is more useful than hue in color planning. Third, aesthetic impression in environmental color perception is inclusive of instantly perceptive nuance, which is connected with affordance. The affordance is revealed by the different relation of similarity. In this regard, a strong relationship is noticed between color combination and the sense of pleasantness. The hypothesis regarding the complementation and similarity of contrasting nature is judged to provide observers with aesthetic order. Finally, this paper also suggests four harmonizing methods in the NCS color triangle based upon equal blackness, equal whiteness, equal chromaticness and same nuance. At the same time, opposition and a different concept of hue, lightness and lightness are combined complementarily with the nuance value to suggest patterns of color combination.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to find out design problems of grand chapel of the Protestant church and to set analysis frame based on theoretical study on abstract symbolism and investigate cases and to give reference of abstract symbolism expression of design of the chapel. The findings were as follow: Introduction of the light was found to be the most outstanding among abstract symbolic factors, and metaphor was commonly used to express abstract symbols. First, 1) Introduction of the light was found to be the most outstanding at application of abstract symbolic factor of modern Protestant church to be the highest among pastors, office bearers, believers and non-Christians. 2) The metaphor was found to be the most noticeable among abstract symbolic expressions. Second, the findings of questionnaire survey was: The findings of questionnaire of not only abstract symbolic expression factor but also symbolic expression method was not to cognize ideas of pastor, office bearers, believers and designers often. This was because abstract symbolism was made from point of view of designers. Therefore, abstract symbolic expression factors of grand chapel of modern Protestant church, for instance, effective introduction of the light, light quoting the Bible sayings, material, color and shapes, etc should be used with metaphor and symmetry to give Christians value of symbol and to hide meaning of symbolic values to non-Christians who do not know contents of the Bible.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.101-112
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• 2017

Based on an analysis of the characteristics of "Ecute" of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) that planned the world's first large scale commercial facilities inside a ticket gate (paid-area including waiting room and platforms), the present study proposes a brand development of commercial facilities inside aged railway stations, where only basic railway business have been provided focusing on passenger transportation, by renewing the definition of railway commercial facilities and presenting a detailed planning and the direction of the operation system. A list of practical tasks that can be carried out in academia, planning and operation / management to facilitate the revitalization of the use of commercial facilities inside railway stations are as follows: 1) the setting of a wide scope for the revitalization of railway commercial facilities around the railway station focusing on private-funded stations in addition to existing stations; a setup of the direct scope of commercial development in the practical railway operation for passengers and stations in terms of external research, and a corresponding shift in thinking in terms of internal research 2) development of under used spaces such as the transfer area (Gongdeok Seoul Wangsimri Station are first target stations where more than four subway lines intersect) 3) brand establishment through improvement strategies for image and symbolism specialized for railway stations 4) rent of suitable business stores and layout of commercial facilities by analysis of passenger move pattern 5) development of commercial facilities which can attract customers by displaying various products, as well as finding a way to develop them in to a base facility that connects to local infrastructures 6) providing advertisement and management system for continual maintenance, and 7) brand specialization through unique storytelling and design plan that stimulates sensibility. The above study results can be utilized as a starting point for design brand awareness about commercial facilities in railway stations in Korea, which can be developed further to improve station image and passenger convenience, as well as to increase the revenue of railway businesses.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.128-136
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• 2015

This research, which has been planned to appreciate the features of continuous observation of space, has applied the procedure of acquiring continuous visual information when the act of watching takes place along the time to analyze the space characteristics through the scenes and time so that the features of attention shown in the process of acquiring visual information at the time of observing continuous scenes might be estimated. For analysis of the features of continuous observation was set up the premise that the features of observation and perception vary depending on gender, when the women shops in department stores were selected as research objects. The observation features found at the time of continuous observation of selling spaces in department stores were focused on two analysis methods in order to compare the differences and characteristics of the two. The followings are the findings. First, the area with predominant observation was found to be 87.1% in both methods. It was found that the analysis of observation features by "Analysis I" was useful for inter-sectional comparison of continuous images. Second, in case of extracting predominant sections, the ceiling or the structures which are the backgrounds rarely attracted any eyes. Depending on analysis method, there was the gap of 14.3%~25.0% between observed sections. Third, in case that the hall is curved, the eyes were found to be expanded from side to side and up and down. The review of observation numbers of predominant sections makes it possible to decide whether it should be regarded as (1) unstability or (2) expanding search, and when the images are enlarged from distant view to close-range view, the weakening vanishing point results in the increase of expanded search of surroundings. Accordingly, it was found that the characteristics of images has effects on the observation features when any space was continuously observed. Furthermore, the difference of analysis methods also was found to be likely to cause big differences in the results of analyzing observation features.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2017

This study has analyzed the features of attention to spacial composition seen in "Seeing ${\leftrightarrow}$ Seen" Correlation of continuous move in the space. The eye-tracking was employed for collecting the data of attention features to the space so that the correlation between visual perception and space could be estimated through the attention features to the difference between spacial composition and display. First, it was confirmed that the attention features varied according to the structure of shops and the exposure degree of selling space, which revealed that, while causing the customers' less attention to both sides of shops, the vanishing-point structure characteristically made their eyes focused on the central part. Second, their initial observation activities were found to be active at the height of their eyes. Third, 10 images were selected as objects for continuous experiment. There was a concern that the central part of each image would be paid intense attention to during the initial observation, but only two of those were found to be so. Fourth, there had been a study result of eye-tracking experiment that the attention had been concentrated on the central part of the image first seen. This study, however, revealed that such phenomenon is limited to the first image. Accordingly, it is necessary to draw up such method for ensuring reliability in order to use the data acquired from any eye-tracking experiment as exclusion of the initial attention time to the first image or of unemployment of the initial image-experiment to analysis.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

The 1990s' characteristics of Ecological architectural design would be choosing the traditional materials of the region's, the creative usage of construction methods, the expressive properties of materiality in spatial forms and so on. The overall organic relationships between human and men-made environments have been sublimated by the expression of poetic qualities of perception in ecological man-made environment. Hannover Expo 2000 did set up an opportunity to exposure the fact that Ecological Architecture will be the major trend in 21st Century's Architecture and its exploration in possible ways will be the most important matter. Japanese Architect Shigeru Ban's Japan Pavilion in this Exposition has shown the meaning of this turning point in Ecological Architectural thinking, which would be recognized as the convincing possibilities for the future architectural practice to the public. Thus this research has the purpose to study the meaning of the constructing action in Shigeru Ban's recent architectural space-making practice with the Paper Tube structural system. The creative foundation of Shigeru Ban's own method to apply paper tube -that is impossible material to pre-estimate- and other materials in the creation of architectural spaces would be searched in this paper. The period to this research will be between 1990s and 2000s, and the subject will be the experimental architecture of Shigeru Ban. The range of this research Is including the process of development in the paper tube architectural structure and joint system. This study would contribute to understand the intrinsic value of Shigeru Ban's Ecological architecture of the paper tube system, in which the relationship between the regional environment and human regaining the ecological abiogenesis.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.104-111
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• 2014

This study puts its purpose on presenting an integral system of representative urban landscapes, public design and colors, in practicing urban design in the context of local identity. An integral design of public design that successfully plans and executes local identity, and changes recognition of integral management of urban design, is suggested as followings. Firstly, when the catchment area is divided in metropolitan area, it should be reset according to the natural environment condition regardless of administrative area system like city and county. It is the method to classify the metropolitan area by researching and analyzing geographical condition, weather condition, soil and vegetation in detail and subclassify it by the visual commonness of natural environment. Secondly, it is necessary to access the urban landscape, public design and urban color from the overall aspect emphasizing the plan for each field and local identity. They should be practiced by the role and category of each field on the basis of consistent design strategy and instruction but the cooperation system is required as a process to reinforce and specify the mutual limit. Thirdly, the artificial structure is constructed through artificial adjustment depending on the urban formation process and the development time point. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the rapid urban development, the change speed and the landscape formation of each age. It is necessary to classify the type of artificial landscape by age and form similarity and separate the area that should be generalized and controlled by entire metropolitan area form the area that should be specialized by basic local government.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.14-24
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• 2014

Modern enterprise activity and consuming pattern which have been continued since the industrial revolution are causing a great burden on the environment, so that the strategy for sustainability in the whole industry cannot but be realistic and inevitable alternative. Presently various brands which applied the concept of sustainability exist, however they also can be said to play a part in current environmental damage by creating value aiming at only growth and pursuing short-term profit in accordance with it with simple commercial logic. Hereupon, this research aimed at eventually preparing the base of guidelines of sustainable design of space branding by newly drawing the value of sustainability in the aspect of space branding and systematically deducing design elements along with it. For this, the researcher reestablished value and design elements for sustainability in space branding by comprehending the concept of sustainability, design method of sustainable design and environmental value hidden in it, after comprehending the concept of space branding and brand value suggestion and interrelation through advanced researches. The previous studies related to the existing space branding have had mainly focused on the design of the marketing point of view to promote consumer culture. But this study can be found the meaning that new roles and methods of design in space branding from the perspective of sustainable. Now companies need to figure out a variety of strategic ways to find the right balance depending on their situation between contradictory concept of 'Consumption' and 'Sustainability'.