• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2000

The interferometric correlation, or coherence, is calculated to measure the variance of the interferometric phase and amplitude within the neighbourhood of any location within the image at a result of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometric process which utilizes the phase information of the images. The coherence contains additional information that is useful for detecting point targets which change their location in an area of interest (AOI). In this research, a RGB colour composite image was generated with a intensity image (master image), a intensity change image as a difference between master image and slave image, and a coherence image generated as a part of SAR interferometric processing. We developed a technique performing detection of a point target movement using SAR interferometry and applied it to suitable tandem pair images of ERS-1 and ERS-2 as test data. The possibility of change detection of a point target in the AOI could be identified with the technique proposed in this research.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1346-1348
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• 2003

In this paper, the interferometric coherence was estimated and the amplitude intensity was extracted using the repeat-pass interferometric data, acquired by European Remote Sensing Satellite 1 and 2. Then discrimination and classification of surface land types in Zhangjiakou test site, Hebei Province were carried out based on the coherence estimation and the intensity extraction. Seven types of land were discriminated and classified, including in two different types of meadows, woodland, dry land, grassland, steppe and water body. The backscatter and coherence characteristics of these land types on the multi-temporal images were analyzed, and the change of surface features with time series was also discussed.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.368-371
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• 2006

A coastline is the boundary between land and ocean masses. Knowledge of coastline is essential for autonomous navigation, geographical exploration, coastal erosion monitoring and modelling, water line change, etc. Many methods have been researched to extract coastlines from the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optic images. Most methods were based on the intensity contrast between land and sea regions. However, in these methods, a coastline detection task was very difficult because of insufficient intensity contrast and the ambiguity in distinguishing coastline from other object line. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for the delineation of coastline using interferometric coherence values estimated from ERS tandem pair. The proposed method uses the facts that a tandem pair of ERS is acquired from a time interval of an accurate day and that the coherent and incoherent values in coherence map are land and water, respectively. The coherence map was generated from ERS tandem pair, filtered by MAP filter, and divided into land and water by the determination of threshold value that is based on the bimodality of the histogram. Finally, a coastline was detected by delineating the boundary pixels. There was a good visual match between the detected coastline and the manually contoured line. The interferometric coherence map will be helpful to identify land and water regions easily, and can be used to many applications that are related with a coastline.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.542-545
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• 2005

Spaceborne radar interferometry has been widely used to estimate the topography and deformation of the Earth. It is difficult to obtain coherent interferometric SAR pairs especially over coastal areas mainly because of variation of surface conditions. We carried out the experiment using a cross-interferometric pair with a perpendicular baseline of about 1.4 km, a 30 minutes temporal separation and the height sensitivity of about 6 meters. The temporal decorrelation can be reduced by the cross interferometric technique with a 30 minutes temporal separation. Accurate coregistration was performed through resampling of ENVISAT ASAR data to equivalent pixel spacing to the ERS SAR data, because of the differences of the pulse repetition frequency and range sampling rate between the two sensors. Then we estimated range and azimuth offset to a sub-pixel accuracy using image intensity cross correlation. A larger window chip size than a general case was used because it was difficult to distinguish typical features. As range bin increased, the difference of Doppler centroid also increased. It resulted in lower coherence in far range than in near range. Coherences over wetland in near and far range were about 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. The coherence was improved by applying azimuth and range common band filtering, but coherence gap still existed. ERS-ENVISAT cross-interferogram usually lost information in urban area. However, high coherence over a city in this pair was shown, because of less man-made structures than other major cities. Accuracy of the DEM constructed by the ERS-ENVISAT 30-minute pair in a coastal area is to be evaluated.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.691-697
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• 2000

A fiberoptic sensor using a low-coherence SLD as a light source has been studied. The sensor system employing an intrinsic fiber Fabry-Peort interferometer as a sensing tip and a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a processing one, overcomes the ambiguous reading caused by the highly periodic natrue of conventional high-precision interferometric sensors and provides unambiguous identification of the desired phase among several candidates on the transfer function of an interferometric signal. A tentative application to the temperature sensor shows the potential that the fiberoptic sensor has a side-dynamic range of $0-900^{\circ}C$ as well as reasonable resolution higher than $0.1^{\circ}C$ without ambiguity. Due to the inherent property of the optical fiber itself and the intrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer, the proposed fiberoptic sensor will give obvious benefits when it is applied to harsh environments to monitor some physical parameters such as temperature, strain, pressure and vibration.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2006

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) from satellites provides the opportunity to regularly incorporate microwave information into forest classification. Radar backscatter can improve classification accuracy, and SAR interferometry could provide improved thematic information through the use of coherence. This research examined the potential of using multi-temporal JERS-l SAR (L band) backscatter information and interferometry in distinguishing forest classes of mountainous areas in the Northeastern U.S. for future forest mapping and monitoring. Raw image data from a pair of images were processed to produce coherence and backscatter data. To improve the geometric characteristics of both the coherence and the backscatter images, this study used the interferometric techniques. It was necessary to radiometrically correct radar backscatter to account for the effect of topography. This study developed a simplified method of radiometric correction for SAR imagery over the hilly terrain, and compared the forest-type discriminatory powers of the radar backscatter, the multi-temporal backscatter, the coherence, and the backscatter combined with the coherence. Statistical analysis showed that the method of radiometric correction has a substantial potential in separating forest types, and the coherence produced from an interferometric pair of images also showed a potential for distinguishing forest classes even though heavily forested conditions and long time separation of the images had limitations in the ability to get a high quality coherence. The method of combining the backscatter images from two different dates and the coherence in a multivariate approach in identifying forest types showed some potential. However, multi-temporal analysis of the backscatter was inconclusive because leaves were not the primary scatterers of a forest canopy at the L-band wavelengths. Further research in forest classification is suggested using diverse band width SAR imagery and fusing with other imagery source.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.629-632
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• 2007

While conventional interferometric SAR (InSAR) technique is an excellent tool for displacement observation, it is only sensitive to one-dimensional deformation along the satellite's line-of-sight (LOS). Recently, a multiple aperture interferogram (MAI) technique has been developed to overcome this drawback. This method successfully extracted along-track displacements from InSAR data, based on split-beam InSAR processing, to create forward- and backward- looking interferograms, and was superior to along-track displacements derived by pixel-offset algorithm. This method is useful to measure along-track displacements. However, it does not only decrease the coherence of MAI because three co-registration and resampling procedures are required for producing MAI, but also is confined to a suitable interferometric pair of SAR images having zero Doppler centroid. In this paper, we propose an efficient and robust method to generate MAI from interferometric pair having non-zero Doppler centroid. The proposed method efficiently improves the coherence of MAI, because the co-registration of forward- and backward- single look complex (SLC) images is carried out by time shift property of Fourier transform without resampling procedure. It also successfully removes azimuth flat earth and topographic phases caused by the effect of non-zero Doppler centroid. We tested the proposed method using ERS images of the Mw 7.1 1999 California, Hector Mine Earthquake. The result shows that the proposed method improved the coherence of MAI and generalized MAI processing algorithm.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2022

정착해빙은 극지역 해안에 형성되는 고착된 해빙으로, 해양 생태계와 해안에 위치한 과학기지들의 운용에 큰 영향을 끼치는 중요한 인자이기 때문에 지속적인 관측이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 6, 12, 18일의 시간 기선을 가지는 Sentinel-1 영상레이더(synthetic aperture radar, SAR) 간섭 긴밀도 영상들을 레이어 병합하여 동남극 장보고 과학기지 주변의 정착해빙을 탐지하였다. 2017년 7월부터 2018년 6월까지 총 50장의 간섭 긴밀도 영상을 제작하였으며, 이로부터 1년간의 정착해빙 면적 변화를 도출하였다. Campbell 빙하설을 기준으로 동쪽과 서쪽에서 정착해빙의 면적이 최대가 되는 시기가 상이함을 확인하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 SAR 간섭 긴밀도를 활용한 정착해빙 탐지 가능성을 확인하였으나, 생성 시간이 짧거나 부드러운 표면을 가져 작은 레이더 후방산란을 보이는 정착해빙과 Campbell 빙하설의 흐름 및 붕괴로 인해 급작스러운 움직임을 보이는 빙하설 인접 지역에서의 정착해빙이 미탐지 되는 한계점은 개선이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2009

Accurate evaluation of polarization characteristics in the integrated optic chip (IOC) for interferometric fiber optic gyroscope was performed. Spatial distribution of optical wavetrains caused by the polarization parameters such as local polarization cross-coupling and polarization rejection coefficient of the IOC were measured utilizing the path-matched optical coherence domain polarimetry (PM-OCDP). With the analytic model deduced from Jones matrix representation, we could accurately identify the polarization characteristics of the IOC. Both degree of measurement error due to the imperfect equipment conditions in PM-OCDP and birefringence of IOC chip were also characterized.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2013

최근 고해상도 영상레이더를 탑재한 위성이 성공적으로 발사, 운용되고 있다. 이들 위성에서 획득된 자료를 이용한 위상간섭기법의 활용은 다양한 지구과학적 분야에서 보다 자세한 정보를 제공하고 있다. 위상간섭기법 적용에서 긴밀도는 영상레이더 자료로부터 생성된 위상간섭도 질을 평가하는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 미국 서부 텍사스에 위치한 엘파소 지역에 대한 고해상도 X-밴드 TerraSAR-X(TSX), L-밴드 ALOS PALSAR와 중해상도 C-밴드 Envisat ASAR 위성 영상레이더 자료의 긴밀도 특성을 분석 평가하고자 한다. 짧은 시간기선거리(temporal baseline) 조건에서 X-밴드 TSX 자료의 긴밀도는 0.3~0.6으로 L-밴드 ALOS PALSAR 자료와 유사한 정도의 높은 긴밀도를 나타내었다. 이 수치는 C-밴드 Envisat ASAR 자료에 비해서는 상당히 높은 것이며 영상레이더 신호의 파장이 길수록 위상간섭도의 긴밀도 유지에 있어 보다 유리하다는 일반적인 산란 이론을 고려해 볼 때 의미있는 결과라 할 수 있다. TSX 자료가 높은 긴밀도를 갖는 이유는 안정적인 산란 특성을 잘 반영할 수 있는 높은 공간 해상력이 하나의 원인일 것으로 추정된다. 하지만 11~33일 정도의 짧은 시간기선거리에서는 비교적 높은 긴밀도를 유지하는 반면에 시간기선거리가 다소 길어질 경우 긴밀도가 크게 저하된다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 긴밀도가 시간기선거리와 매우 밀접한 관계에 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.