• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.635-653
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• 1999

The present work considers work considers research strategies to address global warming. Specifically, this work considers the development of technologies of importance for the reduction of greenhouse gas emission and, especially, the materials that are critical to these technologies. It is argued that novel materials that are essential for the production of environmentally friendly energy may be developed through a special kind of engineering: interface engineering, rather than through classical bulk chemistry. Progress on the interface engineering requires to increase the present state of understanding on the local properties of materials interfaces and interfaces processes. This, consequently, requires coordinated international efforts in order to establish a strong background in the science of materials interfaces. This paper considers the impact of interfaces, such as surfaces and grain boundaries, on the functional properties of materials. This work provides evidence that interfaces exhibit outstanding properties that are not displayed by the bulk phase. It is shown that the local interface chemistry and structure and entirely different than those of the bulk phase. In consequence the transport of both charge and matter along and across interfaces, that is so important for energy conversion, is different than that in the bulk. Despite that the thickness of interfaces is of an order to a nanometer, their impact on materials properties is substantial and, in many cases, controlling. This leads to the conclusion that the development of novel materials with desired properties for specific industrial applications will be possible through controlled interface chemistry. Specifically, this will concern materials of importance for energy conversion and environmental monitoring. Therefore, there is a need to increase the present state of understanding of the local properties of materials interfaces and the relationship between interfaces and the functional properties of materials. In order to accomplish this task coordinated international efforts of specialized research centres are required. These efforts are specifically urgent regarding the development of materials of importance for the reduction of greenhouse gases. Success of research in this area depends critically on financial support that can be provided for projects on materials of importance for a sustainable environment, and these must be considered priorities for all of the global economies. The authors of the present work represent an international research group economies. The authors of the present work represent an international research group that has entered into a collaboration on the development of the materials that are critical for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.349-355
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• 2014

In semiconductor IP reuse, precise understanding of semiconductor IP interfaces is essential for integrated chip design. However, in general, these interfaces are described in the original designer's description style. Furthermore, their description method are not unified, so it is very difficult for the chip integration designer to understand them. This paper proposes a standardized description method of semiconductor IP interfaces. It consists of 9 items such as IP information, description level, model provision, data type, interface information, port information, signal information, protocol information, and source file. The proposed method helps the chip integration designer to understand semiconductor IP interfaces and to integrate them into a single chip.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.3
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• pp.327-336
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• 2008

Many XML-compliant UIDLs(User Interface Description Languages) have been developed to specify user interfaces. Although previous UIDLs are helpful to describe user interfaces of web and desktop applications, they are not available of developing UI of mobile applications. In this paper, in order to effectively specify user interfaces of MIDlet which is application model on J2ME(Java Platform, Micro Edition), we propose MIML(Midlet Interface Markup Language) and present transformation rules to generate source codes from MIML. Further, we enhance the usability of MIML through J2MERenderer which is a tool using presented rules. The proposed method can specify user interfaces of mobile applications and allow developers to keep productivity and consistency in development phase.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.29A no.4
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• pp.22-27
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• 1992

The cyclic voltammogram characteristics at the magnetized SrO${\cdot}6Fe_{2}O_{3}$ ceramics/(($10^{-3}$M KCI + p-Si powders) and /(($10^{-4}$M CsNO$_3$ + n-GaAs powders) suspension interfaces have been studied using the microelectrophoresis and the cyclic voltammetric method. The negatively charged ions are specifically absorbed on the virgin and the magnetized SrO${\cdot}6Fe_{2}O_{3}$ ceramics surfaces. The zeta potentials of the p-Si and n-GaAs colloidal semiconductors are + 41mV and -44.8mV, respectively. The magnetization effects act as potential barriers at the magnetized SrO${\cdot}6Fe_{2}O_{3}$ interfaces. The positivelely charged p-Si and the negatively charged n-GaAs colloidal semiconductors act as potential barriers at the virgin SrO${\cdot}6Fe_{2}O_{3}$ interfaces. On the other hand, the charged p-Si and n-GaAs colloidal semiconductors act as potential barrier scavengers at the magnetized SrO${\cdot}6Fe_{2}O_{3}$ interfaces. The magnetization effects and the charged colloidal semiconductor effects are irreversible and interdependent.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1511-1520
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• 2014

After 2011, with the spread of smart devices, large interfaces using the architectural space elements here and there in the cities. Recently the desire for the data has increased, and, following the increase of the range of use by the users, the communication utilizing various forms of interfaces is expected to become more active. In the past, certain range of architecture or parts of the facilities were as the interfaces, but, recently, the development of media technology and the display of various contents forced the utilization of many elements of architectural space in the interface aspects that were not used in the past. Accordingly, the research compare the relationship of the purpose, media environments, interface technology, data form and so on and consider the characteristic of what elements of architectural space are used in order to analyze the characteristic of interfaces used in digital art works. Especially,the research will consider the possibility of commercializing the trends in the interfaces of digital art works in the mediation region of city information services, and propose how to apply such possibility.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.299-299
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• 2011

A dipolar interlayer can cause dramatic changes in the device characteristics of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) or photovoltaics. A shift in the threshold voltage, for example, has been observed in an OFET where the organic semiconductor active layer is deposited on SiO2 modified with a dipolar monolayer. Dipolar molecules can similarly be used to change the current-voltage characteristics of organic-inorganic heterojunctions. We have conducted a series of experiments in which different molecular linkages are placed between a pentacene thin film and a silicon substrate. Interface modifications with different linkages allow us to predict and examine the nature of tunneling through pentacene on modified Si surfaces with different dipole moment. The molecular-scale structure and the tunneling properties of pentacene thin films on modified Si (001) with nitrobenzene and styrene were examined using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Electronic interfaces using organic surface dipoles can be used to control the band lineups of a semiconductor at organic/inorganic interfaces. Our results can provide insights into the charge transport characteristics of organic thin films at electronic interfaces.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2013

At Pt(111), Pt(100), Pt, and Rh interfaces, the Frumkin adsorption isotherm of underpotentially deposited hydrogen (UPD H) and related electrode kinetic data are determined using the standard Gibbs energy of adsorption. The Temkin adsorption isotherm of UPD H correlating with the Frumkin adsorption isotherm of UPD H is readily determined using the correlation constants between the Temkin and Frumkin or Langmuir adsorption isotherms. At the Pt(111), Pt(100), Pt, and Rh interfaces, the lateral repulsive interaction between the UPD H species is interpreted using the interaction parameter for the Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The lateral repulsive interaction between the UPD H species at the Pt(111), Pt(100), Pt, and Rh interfaces is significantly different from the lateral attractive interaction between the overpotentially deposited hydrogen (OPD H) species at Pt, Ir, and Pt-Ir alloy interfaces.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

Menu-driven interfaces are frequently employed for user interfaces on many electronic products. Due to space constraint, a single or multi-line display is popularly used to show menu items unlike the software interfaces. Single or multi-line display present 8 .approx. 21. characters on an LCD screen and the user selects items using a series of button pushes. Multi-line displays are different from the single-line ones in the following aspects. First, they can present multiple line of information at the same time. Second, they can present menu items in a various way compared to single-line ones. However, due to their space constraint multi-line displays have many limitations compared to ordinary displays which usually use 14" screens. Therefore, guidelines are necessary for designing efficent multi-line display menus interfaces. In this study, a human factors experiment was conducted to examine the effects of three design variables which might affect the usability of a multi-line display menus. Factors investigated include menu structure, number of lines on the display, and item presentation method. Usability of the multi-line display menus was measured quantitatively in terms of four different aspects: speed, accuracy, inefficiency and preference. The analysis of variance was used not only to analyze the main effects of the factors and their interactions but also to see the differences between the single-line display menus and multi-line display ones. A set of design guidelines drawn from this study can be applied to the design of the user interfaces of a various types of electronic consumer products.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2009

Component based development has increasingly become important in the software industry. However, in the current component based development approach with UML, the absence of behavioral description of components brings about a cost problem which causes semantic errors on the testing phase. Accordingly we cannot grasp the usage pattern of component by its provided interfaces which refer to an abstraction of software component. And we cannot guarantee the behavioral conformance of the provided and required interfaces of components. In order to solve these problems, we describe the behaviors of component interfaces by state machine diagram and guarantee their behavior conformance at the modeling phase. We also propose a method to guarantee the behavior conformance of component interfaces with concept of observation equivalence and invocation consistency. And we provide an analyzing tool which checks interface behavior conformance.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.627-630
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• 2005

Novel unified criterion to optimize power coupling at optical directional couplers with discontinuous input/output interfaces is first defined and evaluated numerically. The numerical results reveal that maximum power transfer between guiding slabs without discontinuous interfaces is dominated by conventional phase-matching condition while the guiding structures with discontinuous interfaces has maximum power transfer at an equi-partition condition, which describes the power distribution condition between two rigorous modes propagating through optical couplers.