• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2015

Interface management problems inherent in construction projects hamper their successful delivery. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the most important project interfaces in construction works in Nigeria in terms of most significant potential impacts, so that management attention are objectively focused on potential highest impacting project interfaces. From a review of literature, 28 project interfaces management issues were identified and categorized. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data concerning the impact (estimated losses to the project in terms of cost) and probability of occurrence of the identified interfaces. The interfaces were ranked using their computed Matrix Scores (MS). The results reveal that "project-workers interfaces problem manifested in use of inappropriate mixes" is the highest impacting. A ranking of the interface categories also reveal that the interfaces at the execution phase of a project (MS = 1226.79) are those that could result in the highest losses to the project.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.464-474
• /
• 2004

This paper proposes a middleware structure for the module-based personal robot, which can run on heterogeneous network interfaces and provides users easy interface-method regardless of underlying heterogeneous interfaces and convenient exchange of modules. The proposed middleware is divided into three layers of a streaming layer (SL), a network adaptation layer (NAL) and a network interface layer (NIL). The streaming layer manages application transactions using middleware services and provides user a uniform interfaces to the proposed middleware. The network adaptation layer manages a message-routing and provides naming service and it is a core of the proposed middleware. And the network interfaces layer manages dependent parts of heterogeneous network interfaces such as IEEE1394, USB, Ethernet, and CAN (Control Area Network). This paper implements the proposed middleware structure, where 3 types of interfaces of IEEE 1394, USB and Ethernet are used, and measures response times among those interfaces.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.375-393
• /
• 2015

In this study, local dynamic characteristics of mountable PZT interfaces are numerically analyzed to verify their feasibility on impedance monitoring of the prestress-loss in tendon anchorage subsystems. Firstly, a prestressed tendon-anchorage system with mountable PZT interfaces is described. Two types of mountable interfaces which are different in geometric and boundary conditions are designed for impedance monitoring in the tendon-anchorage subsystems. Secondly, laboratory experiments are performed to evaluate the impedance monitoring via the two mountable PZT interfaces placed on the tendon-anchorage under the variation of prestress forces. Impedance features such as frequency-shifts and root-mean-square-deviations are quantified for the two PZT interfaces. Finally, local dynamic characteristics of the two PZT interfaces are numerically analyzed to verify their performances on impedance monitoring at the tendon-anchorage system. For the two PZT interfaces, the relationships between structural parameters and local vibration responses are examined by modal sensitivity analyses.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.321-326
• /
• 2014

최근 장애인을 위한 IT 접근성 향상 기술에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 따라서 장애인 IT 사용자를 위하여 음성 인식, 영상 인식, TTS 등과 같은 멀티모달 인터페이스를 지원하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 홈 네트워크 제어에 있어서 장애인 IT 접근성 향상 기술의 적용 방안에 대하여 서술한 후, 장애인이 쉽게 홈 네트워크를 제어할 수 있도록 음성 인식 및 애니메이션 UI (User interfaces)등과 같은 멀티모달 인터페이스 기반의 홈 네트워크 제어 시스템 모델을 구현하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 1988

Interfaces, both grain boundaries and phase boundaries, play a very important role in the mechanical behavior of structural materials. The problemis particularly intense in composite materials where interfaces play a primary role in the meehanical response of the composites. This paper will concentrate on the approaches to perform nondestructive evaluation of the interfaces in a man nor in which some measure of the mechanical behavior of the interface can be established. Some of the possible approaches that may have potential for the nondestructive evaluation of interfaces are optical, electronic/ electrical, and acoustic approaches.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신설비학회 2006년도 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.228-231
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we present interfaces for IPMP services on MPEG Multimedia Middleware (M3W). For supporting normative IPMP framework based on MPEG-2/4 IPMPX, M3W IPMP tool interfaces are defined and far supporting MPEG-21 IPMP, REL and other related protective functions, M3W trust management interfaces are. Through the proposed interfaces, IPMP can be easily implemented under various environments and experimental results show some implementation examples.

• 경영과학
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 2006

Designing mobile Interfaces is fundamentally different from designing online interfaces. Not only are there differences in underlying technologies, but also in the way people use mobile Interfaces. If these differences are not taken into account in designing mobile interfaces, mobile services are likely to fail. If mobile services do not deliver what people want, these services will fail no matter how excellent the underlying technology is. The user interface design commonly used in mobile services is based on multi-layered approach, which is not very user-friendly. A well designed single layered user Interface will be more user friendly than the conventional one and it will be having edge over others. However, it is quite difficult to Provide a single layered user Interface in a small screen. This study aims at examining how design attributes of mobile interfaces affect customer preferences. In order to explore customer preferences to each design attribute of mobile interfaces, we measure and analyze customer's WTP (Willingness To Pay) toward their different interface designs. Ultimately, throughout the study, we try to answer how to design mobile interfaces in small screen of mobile devices. In addition, we propose an optimal design solution that customers likely prefer.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.267-279
• /
• 2004

A modelling scheme for the stress analysis taking into account load transfer characteristics of the osseointegrated interfaces between dental implant and surrounding alveolar bone was investigated. Main aim was to develop a more realistic simulation methodology for the load transfer at the interfaces than the prefect bonding assumption at the interfaces which might end up the reduced level in the stress result. In the present study, characteristics of osseointegrated bone/implant interfaces was modelled with material nonlinearity assumption. Bones at the interface were given different stiffness properties as functions of stresses. Six different models, i.e. tens0, tens20, tens40, tens60, tens80, and tens100 of which the tensile moduli of the bones forming the bone/implant interfaces were specified from 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 percents, respectively, of the compressive modulus were analysed. Comparisons between each model were made to study the effect of the tensile load carrying abilities, i.e. the effectivity of load transfer, of interfacial bones on the stress distribution. Results of the present study showed significant differences in the bone stresses across the interfaces. The peak stresses, however, were virtually the same regardless of the difference in the effectivity of load transfer, indicating the conventional linear modelling scheme which assumes perfect bonding at the bone/implant interface can be used without causing significant errors in the stress levels.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2013

사용자 인터페이스 기술은 CLI(Command Line Interfaces), GUI(Graphical User Interfaces)를 거쳐 NUI(Natural User Interfaces)로 발전하고 있다. NUI는 멀티터치, 모션 트래킹, 음성, 스타일러스 등 다양한 입력형식을 사용한다. 기존 GUI 어플리케이션에 NUI를 적용하기 위해서는 이러한 장치관련 라이브러리 추가, 관련 코드 수정, 디버그 등의 과정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 기존 이벤트 기반 GUI 어플리케이션의 수정 없이 제스처 기반 인터페이스를 적용할 수 있는 모델을 제안한다. 또한 제안한 모델을 명세하기 위한 XML 스키마를 제시하고, 3D 제스처와 마우스 제스처 프로토타입 개발을 통해 제안모델의 활용방안을 보인다.

• 세라미스트
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.114-131
• /
• 2020

Fracture in the titanium carbonitride-metal composites occurs by crack propagation through the carbonitride grains or in the interfaces. Thus, intrinsic properties of the carbonitride need to be enhanced and the interfaces should be also modified to coherent structure to strengthen the composites. Especially, interfacial structure can be the main factor to determine the mechanical properties of titanium carbonitride-metal composites because the interfaces between carbonitride grains and metallic phase are weak parts due to heterogeneous nature of carbonitride and metallic phase. In this paper, methodologies for improving the interfacial structure of titanium carbonitride-metal composites are suggested. Total area of the interfaces can be reduced using solid solution type carbonitrides as raw materials instead of a mixture of various carbonitrides in the composites. Also, synthesis of titanium carbonitride-metal composite powders and the low-temperature sintering of the composite powders for short time can be the way for formation of coherent interfaces. The sintering of the composite powders for short time at low temperature can reduce the potential of formation of interfaces by dissolution and precipitation of carbonitride in the liquid metal. As a result of formation of coherent boundaries due to low-temperature and short-time sintering, interfaces between titanium carbonitride grains and metallic phase have the favorable structure for the enhanced fracture toughness. It is believed that the low-temperature sintering of solid solution type composite powders for short time can be the way to improve the low toughness of the titanium carbonitride-metal composites.