• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2485-2491
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• 2009

Culture was performed by using Sheep Blood Agar Plate (BAP, Asan Pharmaceutical) and Sabouraud Dextrose Ager (SDA, Asan Pharmaceutical) along with air $IDEAL^{TM}$ (Biomerieux), which is a microbe interceptor based on inertial impaction interception, in order to investigate bioaerosol in indoor and outdoor air at five elderly care facilities in a metropolis and an urban-rural consolidated city for two months from April 1 to May 31, 2007. From the culture followed by isolation and identification, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. As for the general isolation of microbes in each facility, care center S had the largest amount of microbes (263 cfu/$m^3$) isolated in a 300L room, followed by care center U having 123 cfu/$m^3$ isolated. 2. As for the number of bacteria isolated from a medium intercepting 300 L indoor, the largest amount of other unidentified or non-pathogenic Gram positive cocci (321 cfu/$m^3$) was isolated and most of the other Gram positive cocci were CNS (Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus). 3. As for the number of fungi isolated from a medium intercepting 300 L in a room, the largest number of Aspergillus spp. (66) was isolated, followed by Mucor spp. (62 cfu/$m^3$), Penicillium spp. (53 cfu/$m^3$), Alternaria spp. (50), and other unidentified or non-pathogenic fungi (42 cfu/$m^3$). 4. As for the rate of indoor and outdoor pollution, the average number of interceptions was all larger indoor than outdoor; the research differentiating the amount of air into 300 L and 500 L demonstrated that the larger amount of air led to more bacteria, making no great variation in the species.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 2009

The research was carried out a solution to prevent the breakage of stem resulted from stem cavity in the Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat. 'Baekma'. Stem cavity occurred in the lower parts of stem for about 5 cm long as the stem grew to 20 cm, and the breakage increased to about 60 cm as the stem grew to 80 cm. Plant height, stem diameter, and flower stalk length were the highest in the planting density of $11cm{\times}11cm$. The light interception by plants increased as the planting density decreased (47, 99 and 143%). The strength and hardness values were the greatest, $567kg{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ and $1,339kg{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ in the planting density of $11cm{\times}11cm$. Plant height and plant weight increased in the foliage fertilization of one time, but the plants in the control flowered earlier. The strength and hardness increased in the foliage fertilization treatments and the greatest in the treatment of one time application of $60mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Silicate fertilization. The Si content of stems increased as the fertilization concentration and treatment time increased. The Si content in $30mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ silicate treated twice was two times as high as that of the control.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.59-71
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• 2012

This research was carried out to analyze long-term shoreline change on Busan Songjeong Beach using multi-temporal remote sensed data, GPS survey data and grain size analysis. As a result of multi-temporal satellite imagery analysis, the beach was stable status till early 2000s, but the erosion occurred over whole beach after the construction of shore protection road since 2000. In the result of DEM analysis, the elevation of beach reduced and the slope of berm increased after construction of shore protection road along the coast, this means the erosion environment was dominant on the beach. But the sedimentation was slightly stronger than the erosion in northern region of the beach, then the slope of berm was gentle. In the result of grain size analysis using in-situ samples, the coarsening-trend was found in southeastern region (Line E) of the beach, it is caused by strong wave energy from the outer sea. Consequently, major causes of the beach erosion in the study area were the interception of sand supply from a dune owing to shore protection road construction and scouring phenomenon by strong wave energy in southeastern region of the beach. If the topographic or artificial change will not occur in the future, the erosion in this area will continue. Therefore the prevention measures are required.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2019

Plant growth and morphology are affected by light environments. The morphogenesis and growth of the plants growing in plant factories are different from those grown under sunlight due to the effect of far-red light included in sunlight. The objective of this study was to compare the morphogenesis and growth of cucumber plants grown under artificial sunlight, high pressure sodium lamp (HPS), and HPS with additional far-red light (HPS+FR). The artificial solar (AS) with a spectrum similar to sunlight was manufactured using sulfur plasma lamp, incandescent lamp, and green-reducing optical film. HPS was used as a conventional electrical light source and far-red LEDs were added for HPS+FR. The optical properties of each light source was analyzed. The morphogenesis, growth, and photosynthetic rate were compared in each light source. The ratio of red to far-red lights and phytochrome photostationary state were similar in AS and HPS+FR. There were significant differences in morphology and growth between HPS and HPS+FR, but there were no significant differences between AS and HPS+FR. SPAD was highest in HPS, while photosynthetic rate was higher at AS and HPS. Although the photosynthetic rate in HPS+FR was lower than HPS, the growth was similar in AS. It was because canopy light interception was increased by longer petioles and larger leaf areas induced by FR. It is confirmed that the electrical light with additional far-red light induces similar photomorphogenesis and growth in sunlight spectrum. From the results, we expect that similar results will be obtained by adding far-red light to electrical light sources in plant factories.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Mixed cropping of legume and grass was effective system in view point of providing organic matter and nitrogen or reducing the nitrogen starvation of following crop. The relation of the change of N and P constituents depending on the cropping types and those effects on the growth and nutrient uptake of the following crop were observed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three cropping types, hairy vetch mono cropping, barley mono cropping, and mixed cropping of hairy vetch and barley were applied. Soil properties, growth characteristics, and nitrogen production of green manure crops were observed. In additions, the effect of cropping types on the growth pattern of corn as the following crop was observed. In the mixed cropping system, creeping type hairy vetch climbed to the erect type barely for light utilization resulting in improvement of light interception rate and higher LAI (Leaf Area Index) than in mono cropping. Mixed cropping showed higher biomass production and soil nitrogen availability among the cropping types, indicating relatively much more nutrient supply and higher yield production of following crop. CONCLUSION: Mixed cropping showed relatively higher LAI (dry matter) mainly because of intense competition for light utilization usually after flowering stage. Mixed cropping also showed relatively higher yield of corn, the following crop rather than other types, mainly due to the more biomass production potential and higher N and P production ability. Therefore, mixed cropping was adaptable method to reduce or replace chemical fertilizer application for environmentally-friendly agriculture.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2020

This study was conducted to understand the distribution characteristics of aquatic insects in ecologically different ponds in terms of the disruption. We investigated the fauna of aquatic insects in three artificial ponds (pond 1, 2 and 3) and two natural ponds (pond 4 and 5) located within 1 km each other around Gungdaeoreum in Jeju Island, from March 2018 to June 2020. A total of 50 species belonging to 15 families were found in the surveyed ponds: total 850 individuals with 14 species in 4 families of the order Odonata, total 4,391 individuals with 14 species in 6 families of the order Hemiptera, and total 2,014 individuals with 22 species in 4 families of the order Coleoptera. In overall, total abundance and species numbers were relatively higher than those of artificial pond in natural ponds in which animal and plant ecosystems were well established. In the case of artificial ponds, the number of individuals and species recovered rapidly when reconstituted by introducing aquatic plants, etc. (Pond 1). The nymphs of Odonata were observed largely in ponds without natural enemies such as large fish, and where adults could freely access without interception by artificial structure. Phytophagous Corixidae of the order Hemiptera were abundant, and Haliplidae populations of the order Coleoptera were affected by the distribution of the plants. Accordingly, the major factors affecting aquatic insect abundance were identified as the presence of refuges such as the topography and aquatic plants and presence of predators. Species of the order, Odonata were vulnerable based on these factors. Our results can be useful as basic information for the restoration of wetlands and construction of artificial wetlands or for conservation of species diversity in the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2022

The mixed cropping system is a centuries-old cropping technique widely practiced in farmers' fields worldwide. Increased plant diversity enhances farmland biodiversity, which improves grain yield and quality. However, the effect of growing different rice cultivars simultaneously has rarely been investigated. In the present study, six glutinous rice cultivars were selected, and two mixture cultivation methods were determined according to plant height, grain yield, and color. Colored and glutinous rice are used for specific purposes by consumers because of their color and nutritive value. Six glutinous rice varieties, including aromatic and colored rice, were included in the combination interplanting trials. The results showed that, compared with the corresponding monocropping systems, almost all combinations of the mixed cropping systems had advantages in yield-related traits. Compared with monocropping systems, mixed cropping systems increased the number of panicles per plant and maturation rate by 20% and 10%, respectively. An increase of 18-20% grain yield was observed in mixed cropping plots compared with that in plots which grew only a single rice variety. Some rice varieties, such as green colored rice 'Nogwonchall' and black colored rice 'Chungpunghukhayangchall', exhibited 18-22% increased yield when they were planted in combinations. The high yields were primarily owing to improved light interception and reduced lodging, although other factors (for example, reduced severity of disease) may have also contributed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Understanding the light environment in greenhouse cultivation and the light utilization characteristics of crops is important in the study of photosynthesis and transpiration. Also, as the plant grows, the form of light utilization changes. Therefore, this study aims to develop a light extinction coefficient model reflecting the plant growth. To measure the extinction coefficient, five pyranometers were installed vertically according to the height of the plant, and the light intensity by height was collected every second during the entire growing season. According to each growth stage in the early, middle, and late stages, the difference between the top and bottom light intensity tended to increase to 69%, 72%, and 81%. When leaf area index and plant height increased, the extinction coefficient decreased, and it showed an exponential decay relationship. Three-dimensional model reflecting the two growth indexes, the paraboloid had the lowest RMSE of 1.340 and the highest regression constant of 0.968. Through this study, it was possible to predict the more precise light extinction coefficient during the growing period of plants. Furthermore, it is judged that this can be utilized for predicting and analyzing photosynthesis and transpiration according to the plant height.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.55-66
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• 2023

In recent years, naval vessels have been developed to fulfill a variety of missions by being equipped with various cutting-edge equipment and ICT technologies. One of the main missions of Korean naval vessels is anti-ballistic missile warfare to defend key units and areas against the growing threat of ballistic missiles. Because the process of detection and interception is too complex and the cost of failure is much high, a lot of preparation is required to effectively conduct anti-ballistic missile warfare. This paper describes the development of a simulation model of anti-ballistic missile warfare with combat systems and equipment to be installed on future naval vessels. In particular, the DEVS formalism providing a modular and hierarchical modeling manner was applied to the simulation model, which can be utilized to efficiently represent various anti-ballistic missile warfare situations. In the simulation results presented, experiments were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the model for effective detection resource management in anti-ballistic missile warfare. This study is expected to be utilized as a variety of analysis tools necessary to determine the optimal deployment and configuration of combat resources and operational tactics required for effective anti-ballistic missile warfare of ships in the future.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.85-119
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• 2011

This Study was to explore the experience of foster care child's biological parents and proposed the practical discuss and method for support their returning home. We approached grounded theory to subject. Twenty biological parent's of foster child participated this research. The Data were collected by in depth-interview and documents. The authors analyzed the data according to frame that proposed Strauss and Corbin(1998). The results as follows: In open coding 143 concepts, 34 subcategory, 13 category. In axial coding the causal conditions were 「self-devaluation」, 「self-stigma」, 「social prejudice」. and the phenomenon were 「life as surplus being」, 「revolving around the world」, and the contextual conditions were 「collapse of life base」, 「rustical fatalism」. The intervention conditions were 「operation of support system」, 「instinct of maternity」. The action/interception strategy were 「closing of single eye」, 「pussling of scattered piece」. The consequence were 「fixations of abandonment」. 「resoaring to the world」 The authors proposed the core category as 「go over the wall of world burdening liabilities of being」. The authors classified patricians life type as 「challenging type」, 「status quo type」, 「escaping type」, Finally, we proposed the practical method for support restoring family the world」, foster care child's biological parents.