• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 화재의 조기 감지를 위하여 카메라 입력영상으로부터 화염과 연기를 검출하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 화염과 연기는 특정 색분포를 가지며 지속적으로 형태가 변화하며 움직인다. 제안하는 화염검출 알고리즘은 화염의 색분포와 영상 프레임간의 변화를 측정하여 후보영역을 설정하고 화염의 움직임벡터를 계산하여 화염을 확정한다. 연기에 의하여 영상의 고주파수 성분이 감소하기 때문에 경계값의 변화는 연기의 중요한 특징이다. 연기검출은 색분포, 영상 프레임간의 변화 그리고 경계를 이용하여 후보영역을 설정하고 움직임 벡터를 계산하여 결정한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안하는 알고리즘으로 화염과 연기를 검출할 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 1996년도 Proceedings International Workshop on New Video Media Technology
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• pp.72-76
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• 1996

We propose a novel algorithm for fractal video sequence coding, based on the circular prediction mapping (CPM), in which each range block is approximated by a domain block in the circularly previous frame. In our approach, the size of the domain block is set to be same as that of the range block for exploiting the high temporal correlation between the adjacent frames, while most other fractal coders use the domain block larger than the range block. Therefore the domain-range mapping in the CPM is similar to the block matching algorithm in the motion compensation techniques, and the advantages of this similarity are discussed. Also we show that the CPM can be combined with non-contractive inter-frame mapping (NCIM), improving the performance of the fractal sequence coder further. The computer simulation results on real image sequences demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides very promising performance at low bit-rate, ranging from 40 Kbps to 250 Kbps.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.855-865
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• 1999

본 논푼에서는 주파수 선택적 레일리 페이딩 채널에서 16 QAM-TCM의 BER 성능을 개선하는 방법을 제시한다. 주파수 선택적 페이딩 환경에서는 ISI 등, 페이딩에 의한 성능열화가 극히 심하므로 이에 대한 보상 방안으로 가우시안 보상기법을 이용한 다중 파일롯 심별에 의한 보상 방법을 제안하였다. 또한 대역폭 확장 없이 우수한 부호화 이득을 얻을 수 있는 트렐리스 부호화 방법을 적용하였으며 연집 에러를 방지하고자 비트 리버설 블럭 인터리벙 기법을 개선하여 적용하였다. 컴퓨터 시율레이션 결과 주파수 선택적 레일리 페이 딩 환경에서 기존의 PSAM 방법을 적용한 것보다 우수한 성능 개선 효과를 확인 할 수 있었다

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

Welded Unreinforced Flange-Welded Web (WUF-W) connection is one of Special Moment Frame (SMF) specified in ANSI/AISC-358. From the experimental test of WUF-W connection specimens conducted by the previous study, fracture occurred in the beam flange before achieving total inter-story drift angle of 0.04radian required for Special Moment Frames (SMF) system even though the specimens satisfied the design and detailing requirement specified in ANSI/AISC-358. These results are estimated as problem of the access hole geometry. In this study, a full-scale WUF-W connection specimen was made with a modified access hole geometry, and tested with the same test setting and loading as the previous test. From test results, the deformation capacity of the tested WUF-W connection specimen exceeded 4%, which is required for connections in SMF system. Comparing with the WUF-W specimens of the previous study, the strain demand of the beam flange in the tested specimen was decreased and energy dissipation capacity of the specimen was improved.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

The researches related to active control systems utilizing superelastic shape memory alloys (SMA) have been recently conducted to reduce critical damage due to lateral deformation after severe earthquakes. Although Superelastic SMAs undergo considerable inelastic deformation, they can return to original conditions without heat treatment only after stress removal. We can expect the mitigation of residual deformation owing to inherent recentering characteristics when these smart materials are installed at the part where large deformation is likely to occur. Therefore, the primary purpose of this research is to develop concentrically braced frames (CBFs) with superelastic SMA bracing systems and to evaluate the seismic performance of such frame structures. In order to investigate the inter-story drift response of CBF structures, 3- and 6-story buildings were design according to current design specifications, and then nonlinear time-history analyses were performed on numerical 2D frame models. Based on the numerical analysis results, it can be comparatively verified that the CBFs with superelastic SMA bracing systems have more structural advantages in terms of energy dissipation and recentering behavior than those with conventional steel bracing systems.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.725-745
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• 2009

In this paper, probabilistic seismic performance assessment of a typical non-seismic RC frame building representative of a large inventory of existing buildings in developing countries is conducted. Nonlinear time-history analyses of the sample building are performed with 20 large-magnitude medium distance ground motions scaled to different levels of intensity represented by peak ground acceleration and 5% damped elastic spectral acceleration at the first mode period of the building. The hysteretic model used in the analyses accommodates stiffness degradation, ductility-based strength decay, hysteretic energy-based strength decay and pinching due to gap opening and closing. The maximum inter story drift ratios obtained from the time-history analyses are plotted against the ground motion intensities. A method is defined for obtaining the yielding and collapse capacity of the analyzed structure using these curves. The fragility curves for yielding and collapse damage levels are developed by statistically interpreting the results of the time-history analyses. Hazard-survival curves are generated by changing the horizontal axis of the fragility curves from ground motion intensities to their annual probability of exceedance using the log-log linear ground motion hazard model. The results express at a glance the probabilities of yielding and collapse against various levels of ground motion intensities.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2020

Connections play a significant role in strength of structures against earthquake-induced loads. According to the post-seismic reports, connection failure is a cause of overall failure in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Connection failure results in a sudden increase in inter-story drift, followed by early and progressive failure across the entire structure. This article investigated the cyclic performance and behavioral improvement of shape-memory alloy-based connections (SMA-based connections). The novelty of the present work is focused on the effect of shape memory alloy bars is damage reduction, strain recoverability, and cracking distribution of the stated material in RC moment frames under seismic loads using 3D nonlinear static analyses. The present numerical study was verified using two experimental connections. Then, the performance of connections was studied using 14 models with different reinforcement details on a scale of 3:4. The response parameters under study included moment-rotation, secant stiffness, energy dissipation, strain of bar, and moment-curvature of the connection. The connections were simulated using LS-DYNA environment. The models with longitudinal SMA-based bars, as the main bars, could eliminate residual plastic rotations and thus reduce the demand for post-earthquake structural repairs. The flag-shaped stress-strain curve of SMA-based materials resulted in a very slight residual drift in such connections.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.459-478
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• 2010

This paper contains detailed descriptions of a dynamic time-history modal analysis to calculate deflection, inter-storey drift and storey shear demand in single-storey and multi-storey buildings using an EXCEL spreadsheet. The developed spreadsheets can be used to obtain estimates of the dynamic response parameters with minimum input information, and is therefore ideal for supporting the conceptual design of tall building structures, or any other structures, in the early stages of the design process. No commercial packages, when customised, could compete with spreadsheets in terms of simplicity, portability, versatility and transparency. An innovative method for developing the stiffness matrix for the lateral load resistant elements in medium-rise and high-rise buildings is also introduced. The method involves minimal use of memory space and computational time, and yet allows for variations in the sectional properties of the lateral load resisting elements up the height of the building and the coupling of moment frames with structural walls by diaphragm action. Numerical examples are used throughout the paper to illustrate the development and use of the spreadsheet programs.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.365-384
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• 2014

The intensity of a ground motion can be measured by a number of parameters, some of which might exhibit robust correlations with the damage of structures subjected to that motion. In this study, 204 near-fault pulse-type records are selected and their seismic parameters are determined. Time history and damage analyses of a tested 3-storey reinforced concrete frame representing for low-rise reinforced concrete buildings subjected to those earthquake motions are performed after calibration and comparison with the available experimental results. The aim of this paper is to determine amongst several available seismic parameters, the ones that have strong correlations with the structural damage measured by a damage index and the maximum inter-story drift. The results show that Velocity Spectrum Intensity is the leading parameter demonstrating the best correlation, followed by Housner Intensity, Spectral Acceleration and Spectral Displacement. These seismic parameters are recommended as reliable parameters of near-fault pulse-type motions related to damage potential of low-rise reinforced concrete structures. The results also reaffirm that the conventional and widely used parameter of Peak Ground Acceleration does not exhibit a good correlation with the structural damage.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2019

Knowing the response of buildings to earthquakes is very important in order to ensure that a structure is able to withstand a given level of ground shaking. Thus, nonlinear dynamic earthquake engineering analyses are unavoidable and are preferable procedure in the seismic assessment of buildings. In order to estimate seismic performance on the basis of the hazard at the site where the structure is located, the selection of appropriate seismic input is known to be a critical step while performing this kind of analysis. In this paper, seismic analysis is performed for a four-story reinforced concrete ISPRA frame structure which is designed according to Eurocode 8 (EC8). A total of 90 different earthquake scenarios were selected, 30 for each of three target spectrums, EC8 spectrum, Uniform Hazard Spectrum (UHS), and Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS). The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the average maximum Inter-story Drift Ratio (IDR) for each target spectrum. Time history analysis for every earthquake record was obtained and, as a result, IDR as the main measure of damage were presented in order to compare with defined performance levels of reinforced concrete bare frames.