• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.57.3-57.3
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• 2015

We present a test observation result of the KMTNet Intensive Nearby Southern Galaxy group Survey (KINGS). The KINGS is designed to study nearby galaxy groups (NGC 55, NGC 253, NGC 5128, and M83 groups), taking the advantage of the wide field coverage of the KMTNet. The main goal of the KINGS is to produce extensive catalogs of dwarf galaxies, ultra compact dwarfs (UCDs), and intraglobular clusters in the galaxy groups. We will also investigate the spatial distribution of intragroup light in each group. We present a progress report of the project based on the test BVI observations of two galaxy groups. We discuss the result from the test observation and possible improvement for future observations.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.421-431
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• 2021

The Yeongdong region is frequently vulnerable to heavy snowfall in winter in terms of societal and economical damages. By virtue of a lot of previous efforts, snowfall forecast has been significantly improved, but the performance of light snowfall forecast is still poor since it is very conducive to synoptic and mesoscale interactions, largely attributable to Taeback mountains and East Sea effects. An intensive observation has been made in cooperation with Gangwon Regional Meteorological Office and National Institute of Meteorological Studies in winter seasons since 2019. Two distinctive Cold Air Damming (CAD) events (14 February 2019 and 6 February 2020) were observed for two years when the snowfall forecast was wrong specifically in its location and timing. For two CAD events, lower-level temperature below 2 km ranged to lowest limit in comparisons to those of the previous 6-years (2014~2019) rawinsonde soundings, along with the stronger inversion strength (> 2.0℃) and thicker inversion depth (> 700 m). Further, the northwesterly was predominant within the CAD layer, whereas the weak easterly wind was exhibited above the CAD layer. For the CAD events, strong cold air accumulation along the east side of Taeback Mountains appeared to prevent snow cloud and convergence zone from penetrating into the Yeongdong region. We need to investigate the influence of CAD on snowfall in the Yeongdong region using continuous intensive observation and modeling studies altogether. In addition, the effect of synoptic and mesoscale interactions on snowfall, such as nighttime drainage wind and land breeze, should be also examined.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.429-436
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• 2021

The wind profilers operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration observe in a low mode for intensive observation of the low levels and a high mode for intensive observation of the high levels. The LAP-3000 wind profiler installed in Bukgangneung and Changwon is characterized by the same sampling frequency of the low mode and the high mode, allowing to compare winds observed in both modes at the same altitude. As a result of analyzing the wind speed of the two points for one year in 2020, the correlation between the two modes was up to 0.2 lower than the correlation with radiosonde. The T-test for the wind speed of the two modes showed a particularly significant difference in October, where the temperature and specific humidity fluctuate frequently. The difference in the development of the atmospheric boundary layer affects the accuracy of the wind speed depending on the observation mode.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.265-282
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was conducted to provide for a basic resource, which can be used to set up a efficient management system in Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Units(CSICU). Method: 1) Questionnaires were administered and observation methods were used, to examine the nursing activities performed in the CSICU after having reviewed related literatures and a review by the experts. Thus, the nursing activities were designating 254 activities and classified into 28 categories. 2)The 22 nurses in the 2 CSICUs filled out questionnaires about nursing activities from 12 April, 2002 to 17 April, 2002. The frequency of the nursing activities in the 28 categories counted and new nursing activities added by directly observing 12 nurses by two trained research staffs for 4 day. 3)In terms of validity, the 264 nursing activities were analysed by the 25 experts. As a result, 231 nursing activities were found valid and remained as appropriate nursing activities to be used for the careful analysis of the nursing activities in CSICUs. Result: The 22 categories are as below: assessment, monitoring, respiration management, nutrition management, elimination/drainage management, mobility management, sanitation management, safety management, temperature management, specimens collection, preparation and assistance of treatment, skin/wound management, infection management, medication management, education/support, dying patient care, recording/keeping, supplies management, environment management, communications, evaluations, professional development Conclusion : The manifest job description of the staff nurse will contribute to improving the efficiency of the nursing activities and to reducing the role conflicts among the medical staffs.

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 2008

Domestic IOP (intensive observing period) has mostly been represented by the KEOP (Korea Enhanced Observing Period), which started the 5-yr second phase in 2006 after the first phase (2001-2005). During the first phase, the KEOP had focused on special observations (e.g., frontal systems, typhoons, etc.) around the Haenam supersite, while extended observations have been attempted from the second phase, e.g., mountain and downstream meteorology in 2006 and heavy rainfall in the mid-central region and marine meteorology in 2007. So far the KEOP has collected some useful data for severe weather systems in Korea, which are very important in understanding the development mechanisms of disastrous weather systems moving into or developing in Korea. In the future, intensive observations should be made for all characteristic weather systems in Korea including the easterly in the central-eastern coastal areas, the orographically-developed systems around mountains, the heavy snowfall in the western coastal areas, the upstream/downstream effect around major mountain ranges, and the heavy rainfall in the mid-central region. Enhancing observations over the seas around the Korean Peninsula is utmost important to improve forecast accuracy on the weather systems moving into Korea through the seas. Observations of sand dust storm in the domestic and the source regions are also essential. Such various IOPs should serve as important components of international field campaign such as THORPEX (THe Observing system Research and Predictability EXperiment) through active international collaborations.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2020

Purpose: This was a descriptive observational study examining the reasons for, frequency of, and factors affecting work interruption among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 46 regular nurses who had been working in an ICU at D tertiary hospital in B metropolitan city for at least six months. To measure the degree of work interruption, this study revised a tool used by Brixey et al. (2007) for analyzing the type of work interruption. Results: A total of 1,787 work interruptions occurred during 368 hours of observation, i.e., at an average of 4.85 times per hour. Communication-related factors caused work interruption most frequently, followed by environmental, work-related, and personal factors. As for the work-related characteristics of nurses, participants experienced work interruption more frequently while working on weekdays, when the medical staff were stationed, than on weekends. Conclusion: ICU nurses experienced work interruption frequently. With the health care system expected to become more complicated in the future, efforts should be made to reduce unnecessary work interruptions to improve the operation efficiency of ICUs.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' recognition and understanding of the clinical environment of high-risk neonatal nursing care after watching a documentary about the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), where high-risk newborns are treated. Methods: This study was a qualitative content analysis. In total, 151 nursing students' personal essays describing their reactions to a documentary about the NICU were analyzed using the NVivo 12 program. Results: Nursing students' experiences of engaging with a documentary about the NICU were structured into four thematic categories: 'actual observations of the imagined NICU', 'observation and recognition of nursing knowledge', 'empathy with people related to the baby', and 'establishing attitudes and values as a nurse'. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that documentaries can be applied in nursing education about high-risk newborns.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.4 s.71
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

The effect of discharges from the Seomjin River on the dispersion of thermal effluent from the Hadong Power Plant, located along the south coast of Korea, was investigatedusing intensive field observation and three-dimensinal Princeton Ocean Model simulations. A POM and observed CTD data was used to predict the mixing behaviour of the Summer freshet, during the July 2005 intensive observing period. The dispersal of the river discharge anomaly, associated with the Seomjin River plume, was seen to be highly responsive to tidal currents and river flows during the spring tide.

• Atmosphere
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2024

The Yeongdong region has suffered from severe snowstorms and the relevant damage such as traffic accidents on slippery roads, and the collapse of greenhouses and temporary buildings. While a lot of research on snowfall has been conducted, the detailed study of snow crystals' phase and habit through intensive observations and the relevant microphysical analysis is still lacking. Therefore, a snowflake camera, PARSIVEL, and intensive radiosonde soundings were utilized to investigate phase and habit changes in solid precipitation. Two remarkable episodes of phase and habit changes were selected such as 19 March 2022 and 15 February 2023. Both events occurred in the synoptic condition of the High in the north and the Low passing by the south, which was accompanied by rapid temperature cooling below 2.5 km. During the events of a short period between 3 to 6 hours, the temperature at 850 hPa decreased by about 4 to 6℃. This cooling led to a change in the main habit of snow particles from riming to aggregate, identified with both MASC and PARSIVEL. Meanwhile, the LDAPS model analyses do not successively represent the rapid cooling and short-term variations of solid precipitation, probably by virtue of overestimating low-level equivalent potential temperature during these periods. The underlying causes of these the low-level temperature variations within 6 hours, still remain unclear. It might be associated with mesoscale orographic phenomenon due to the mountains and East Sea effects, which certainly needs an intensive and comprehensive observation campaign.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 1997

The tissue types of stromata were observed intensively in four species of Hypoxylon under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). These stromata were sectioned with a freezing fracture method for observation. Several tissue types were recognized and stable in each species. This study presents the most intensive observation of tissue types of each layer of stromata. It will be useful for taxonomic criteria for the species level. However, the tissue types can not be major taxonomical criteria for the genus Hypoxylon.