• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.611-623
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• 2018

This study investigated verbal behaviors and interactions in the processes of making written test items using paired think aloud problem solving for pre-service secondary chemistry teachers. The processes of making written test items using paired think-aloud problem solving in four small groups consisting of two pre-service chemistry teachers were recorded and transcribed. The analysis of the results revealed that 'item making' for ten subcategories for solver's verbal behaviors were most frequently exhibited regardless of 'integration' among the components of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The solver's 'provide', 'modify', 'require agreement', 'ask', 'agree', and 'justify' were also frequently exhibited although fewer than 'item making'. Especially, the solver's 'ask' was more frequently used in 'non-integration', whereas 'justify' was more frequently used in 'integration'. In listener's verbal behaviors consisted of eight subcategories, 'point out', 'ask', and 'agree' were frequently exhibited regardless of 'integration'. Listener's 'ask' and 'agree' were exhibited more in 'non-integration', whereas 'point out' was exhibited more in 'integration'. Many verbal interactions were analyzed to be in 'symmetrical type' more than 'solver-dominant type' or 'listener-dominant type'. 'Symmetrical type' was also more frequently exhibited in 'integration', whereas 'solver-dominant type' was more frequently exhibited in 'non-integration'. There were little differences between 'integration' and 'non-integration' in 'listener-dominant type'. In 23 subcategories of 'symmetrical type', 'ask-provide' and 'point out-justify' were most frequently found. Especially, 'ask-provide' was more frequently found in 'non-integration', whereas 'point out-justify' was more frequently found in 'integration'. 'Point out-modify' was the most frequent in 4 subcategories of 'listener-dominant type', while 'item making-agree' in three subcategories of 'solver-dominant type' regardless of 'integration'. However, only a little of other subcategories of the three types were found.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.303-315
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• 2007

This paper proposes a 3D structure recovery and registration method that uses four or more common points. For each frame of a given video, a partial structure is recovered using tracked points. The 3D coordinates, camera positions and camera directions are computed at once by our improved scaled orthographic factorization method. The partially recovered point sets are parts of a whole model. A registration of point sets makes the complete shape. The recovered subsets are integrated by transforming each coordinate system of the local point subset into a common basis coordinate system. The process of shape recovery and integration is performed uniformly and linearly without any nonlinear iterative process and without loss of accuracy. The execution time for the integration is significantly reduced relative to the conventional ICP method. Due to the fast recovery and registration framework, our shape recovery scheme is applicable to various interactive video applications. The processing time per frame is under 0.01 seconds in most cases and the integration error is under 0.1mm on average.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.24 no.1_2
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• pp.65-79
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• 2007

An optimal 3-point quadrature formula of closed type is derived. It is shown that the optimal quadrature formula has a better error bound than the well-known Simpson's rule. A corrected formula is also considered. Various error inequalities for these formulas are established. Applications in numerical integration are given.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.47.5-47
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• 2002

Some integration methods for the linear subsystems are examined and which algorithm is optimal for real-time simulation is considered. First, a number of typical integration methods for a linear time-invariant system are given. Then, the dynamic errors are shown both from the point of view of characteristic root errors and transfer function errors. After that we compute the dynamic errors of integration and choose the appropriate method for each system.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.180-190
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• 2003

By using accurate closed-form Green's functions obtained from real-axis integration method, the full-wave analysis of CPW discontinuities are performed in space domain. In solving MPIE(Mixed Potential Integral Equation), Galerkin's scheme is employed with the linear basis functions on the triangular elements in air-dielectric boundary. In the singular integral arising when the observation point and source point coincides, the surface integral is transformed into the line integral and the integral is evaluated by regular integration. By using the Green's function from the real-axis integration method, the discontinuities are characterized accurately.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2023

Several experiments were carried out to analyze the impact of the modernized Global Positioning System (GPS) L2C signal on pseudorange-based point positioning. Three dual-frequency positioning algorithms, ionosphere-free linear combination, ionospheric error estimation, and simple integration, were used, and the results were compared with those of Standard Point Positioning (SPP). An analysis was conducted to determine the characteristics of each dual-frequency positioning method, the impact of the magnitude of ionospheric error, and receiver grade. Ionosphere-free and ionospheric error estimation methods can provide improved positioning accuracy relative to SPP because they are able to significantly reduce the ionospheric error. However, this result was possible only when the ionospheric error reduction effect was greater than the disadvantage of these dual-frequency positioning algorithms such as the increment of multipath and noise, impact of uncertainty of unknown parameter estimation. The RMSE of the simple integration algorithm was larger than that of SPP, because of the remaining ionospheric error. Even though the receiver grade was different, similar results were observed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2004.10b
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• pp.296-299
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• 2004

KARI precision attitude determination system has been developed for high accurate geo-coding of KOMPSAT-2 image. Sensor data from two star trackers and a IRU are used as measurement and dynamic data. Sensor data from star tracker are composed of QUEST and unit vector filter. Filter algorithms consists of extended Kalman filter, unscented Kalman filter, and least square batch filter. The type of sensor data and filter algorithm can be chosen by user options. Estimated parameters are Euler angle from 12000 frame to optical bench frame, gyro drift rate bias, gyro scale factor, misalignment angle of star tracker coordinate frame with respect to optical bench frame, and misalignment angle of gyro coordinate frame with respect to optical bench frame. In particular, ground control point data can be applied for estimating misalignment angle of star tracker coordinate frame. Through the simulation, KPADS is able to satisfy the KOMPSAT-2 mission requirement in which geo-location accuracy of image is 80 m (CE90) without ground control point.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.2 no.4 s.8
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• pp.92-97
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• 2001

The level of awareness and actual implementation of integration and computerization in the construction industry is growing. However, it is not clear at this point how to assess the extent of their impact and to identify in which ways they better support the construction projects related to their success. The objectives of this research are the development of a model to evaluate the impact of integration and computerization on construction projects and the recommendation of guidelines for companies in identifying suitable ways for them to incorporate integration and computerization Into their operation. The developed conceptual model has been found robust enough to be used as a benchmarking tool in evaluating the performance of the construction process and to strategize its future operation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.16-41
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• 2020

Geospatial input setting to represent the reality of spatial distribution or quantitative property within model has become a major interest in earth system simulation. Many studies showed the variation of grid resolution could lead to drastic changes of spatial model results because of insufficient surface property estimations. Hence, in this paper, the authors proposed Monte Carlo Integration (MCI) to apply spatial probability (SP) in a spatial-sampling framework using a three-dimensional point cloud (3DPC) to keep the optimized spatial distribution and area/volume property of buildings in urban area. Three different decision rule based building identification results were compared : SP threshold, cell size, and 3DPC density. Results shows the identified building area property tend to increase according to the spatial sampling grid area enlargement. Hence, areal building property manipulation in the sampling frameworks by using decision rules is strongly recommended to increase reliability of geospatial modeling and analysis results. Proposed method will support the modeling needs to keep quantitative building properties in both finer and coarser grids.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.429-439
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• 1995

The Interior point method in linear programming is classified into two categories the affine-scaling method and the logarithmic barrier method. In this paper, we integrate those methods and implement them in one shared module. First, we analyze the procedures of two interior point methods and then find a unified formula in finding directions to improve the current solution and conditions to terminate the procedure. Second, we build the shared modules which can be used in each interior point method. Then these modules are experimented in NETLIB problems.