• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2011

The DES encryption algorithm employed in information security has a strong avalanche effect, and the processing speed to encrypt is also fast. However, due to the H/W advances, the secret key length of DES having 56bits is not enough so that it is easily exposed to brute force attack. In this paper, we present a new method to significantly increase the secret key length in the DES by integration of digital holography and DES algorithm. In addition, we evaluate the encryption performance of the proposed method by measuring the avalanche effect and verify the possibility of it.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.2647-2654
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we propose H.264 Encoder integrating Intra Prediction, Deblocking Filter, Context-Based Adaptive Variable Length Coding, and Motion Estimation encoder module. This designed module can be operated in 440 cycle for one-macroblock. To verify the Encoder architecture, we developed the reference C from JM 9.4 and verified the our developed hardware using test vector generated by reference C. The designed circuit can be operated in 166MHz clock system, and has 1800K gate counts using Charterd 0.18 um process including SRAM memory. Manufactured chip has the size of $6{\times}6mm$ and 208 pins package.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2023

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is mostly damaged in sporting activities. To reconstruct the damaged ACL, a patellar tendon (PT) is often the most preferred graft due to its fast healing and bone integration i.e. bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. Suitability of the PT often depends on the morphometric profile of the tendon. This study reported on the harvestable surface area (SA) of the tendon using a simple tracing method. The PT of 79 adult formalin-fixed cadavers of South Africans of European Ancestry were dissected, and the margins of the PT were traced on a wax paper before the tracings were scanned. The SA, straight proximal width (SPW), curved proximal width (CPW), straight distal width (SDW), curved distal width (CDW) and length of tendon (LOT) from the digitized image of the PT was measured. In addition, the length of the lower limbs was measured to normalize the measurements. The results showed no significant side differences, and the measurements were not sexually dimorphic. A strong correlation was reported for SA vs. LOT, SPW vs. CPW and SDW vs. CDW for both sexes and sides. The presented morphological profile provides additional information on the usability of the graft and with respect to healing and recovery.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.44.1-44.13
• /
• 2022

Brugada syndrome (BS) is an autosomal dominant inheritance cardiac arrhythmia disorder associated with sudden death in young adults. Thailand has the highest prevalence of BS worldwide, and over 60% of patients with BS still have unclear disease etiology. Here, we performed a new viral metagenome analysis pipeline called VIRIN and validated it with whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of HeLa cell lines and hepatocellular carcinoma. Then the VIRIN pipeline was applied to identify viral integration positions from unmapped WGS data of Thai males, including 100 BS patients (case) and 100 controls. Even though the sample preparation had no viral enrichment step, we can identify several virus genes from our analysis pipeline. The predominance of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) viruses was found in both cases and controls by blastn and blastx analysis. This study is the first report on the full-length HERV-K assembled genomes in the Thai population. Furthermore, the HERV-K integration breakpoint positions were validated and compared between the case and control datasets. Interestingly, Brugada cases contained HERV-K integration breakpoints at promoters five times more often than controls. Overall, the highlight of this study is the BS-specific HERV-K breakpoint positions that were found at the gene coding region "NBPF11" (n = 9), "NBPF12" (n = 8) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) "PCAT14" (n = 4) region. The genes and the lncRNA have been reported to be associated with congenital heart and arterial diseases. These findings provide another aspect of the BS etiology associated with viral genome integrations within the human genome.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2007

This paper presents a rigorous comparison of the design characteristics of polarization-insensitive directional coupler (DC) and multimode interference (MMI) coupler based on rib type waveguides, by using longitudinal modal transmission-line theory (L-MTLT). It shows that the multimode mixing and interference property of MMI can be structurally designed through the continuous evolution of the two-mode coupling property of DC. It also compares and analyzes the coupling efficiency along with the coupling length and the wavelength between polarization-insensitive DC and MMI. From the design properties obtained, it demonstrates for the first time the integration of polarization-insensitive DC or MMI with a Bragg grating and evaluates precisely the filtering characteristics. The numerical results reveal that the DC, as long as it is designed to have the same coupling length for TE and TM modes, has better performance than the MMI in polarization-insensitive filtering behaviour. However, it shows that the MMI with much less coupling length than DC is preferred in the miniaturization of integrated devices.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.926-933
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this research was to develop a smart wear equipped with wearable technologies for women in the age of 50's and 60's and confirm its acceptability. For this, we constructed a casual jacket that has the integration of heating and lighting function, and evaluated the user's satisfaction. The size of the heating device attached at the back of the jacket was 300 mm in width and 120 mm in length and the size of the one attached at the front abdomen was 180 mm in width and 120 mm in length. The power supplier was the unification of the battery and controller which have been waterproofed. The lighting device connected with LED was 26mm in width, 20 mm in length and 1.5 mm in thickness. It has been designed in a waterproofed rectangular shape and was attachable to the jacket. The satisfaction survey of a smart jacket has been conducted with three standards, which were convenience, appearance and practicality. Free physical movement among the standard of convenience had very high scores with the average of 4.7 on a five point-scale. The acceptability of the jacket was 4.6, which proved that it didn't have unique feelings compared to ordinary ones. The evaluation score of the appearance of the jacket was 4.5. Especially inside finishing of the jacket received the highest scores from all ages. According to the evaluation of practicality, there has been no change in the appearance of the jacket and the function of heating device after laundry.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.39
• /
• pp.2.1-2.6
• /
• 2017

Background: All clinicians are aware of the difficulty of installing a dental implant in posterior maxilla because of proximate position of maxillary sinus, insufficient bone width, and lower bone density. This study is to examine which factors will make the implantation in the posterior maxilla more difficult, and which factors will affect the postoperative implant stability in this region. Methods: Five hundred seventy-three fixtures on the maxilla posterior were included for this study from all the patients who underwent an installation of the dental implant fixture from January 2010 to December 2014 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Pusan National University Dental Hospital (Yangsan, Korea). The postoperative implant stability quotient (ISQ) value, fixture diameter and length, presence of either bone graft or sinus lift, and graft material were included in the reviewed factors. The width and height of the bone bed was assessed via preoperative cone beam CT image analysis. The postoperative ISQ value was taken just before loading by using the OsstellTM $mentor^{(R)}$ (Integration Diagnostics AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). The t test and ANOVA methods were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Mean ISQ of all the included data was 79.22. Higher initial bone height, larger fixture diameter, and longer fixture length were factors that influence the implant stability on the posterior edentulous maxilla. On the other hand, the initial bone width, bone graft and sinus elevation procedure, graft material, and approach method for sinus elevation showed no significant impact associated with the implant stability on the posterior edentulous maxilla. Conclusions: It is recommended to install the fixtures accurately in a larger diameter and longer length by performing bone graft and sinus elevation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.245-261
• /
• 2022

Key questions to researchers interested in nonlinear analysis of skeletal structures are whether the distributed plasticity approach - albeit computationally demanding - is more reliable than the concentrated plasticity to adequately capture the extent and severity of the inelastic response, and whether force-based formulation is more efficient than displacement-based formulation without compromising accuracy. The present research focusing on performance-based seismic response of mid-span concrete bridges provides a pilot holistic investigation opting for some hands-on answers. OpenSees software is considered adopting different modeling techniques, viz. distributed plasticity (through either displacement-based or force-based elements) and concentrated plasticity via beam-with-hinges elements. The pros and cons of each are discussed based on nonlinear pushover analysis results, and fragility curves generated for various performance levels relying on incremental dynamic analyses under real earthquake records. Among prime conclusions, distributed plasticity modeling albeit inherently not relying on prior knowledge of plastic hinge length still somewhat depends on such information to ensure accurate results. For instance, displacement-based and force-based approaches secure optimal accuracy when dividing, for the former, the member into sub-elements, and satisfying, for the latter, a distance between any two consecutive integration points, close to the expected plastic hinge length. On the other hand, using beam-with-hinges elements is computationally more efficient relative to the distributed plasticity, yet with acceptable accuracy provided the user has prior reasonable estimate of the anticipated plastic hinge length. Furthermore, when intrusive performance levels (viz. life safety or collapse) are of concern, concentrated plasticity via beam-with-hinges ensures conservative predicted capacity of investigated bridge systems.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.292-298
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the stability of the implant by comparing the effects of the change of implant diameter, length and design on implant stability quotient. Materials and methods: To remove the variable due to the difference of bone quality, the uniform density (0.48 g/$cm^3$) Polyuretane foam blocks (Sawbones$^{(R)}$, Pacific Research Laboratories Inc, Vashon, Washington) were used. Implants (Implantium$^{(R)}$, Dentium, Seoul, Korea) were placed with varying diameters (${\phi}3.8$, ${\phi}4.3$ and ${\phi}4.8$) and length (8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm), to assess the effect on implant stability index (ISQ). Also the influence of the design of the submerged and the non-submerged (SimplelineII$^{(R)}$, Dentium, Seoul, Korea) on ISQ was evaluated. To exclude the influence of insertion torque, a total of 60 implants (n = 10) were placed with same torque to 35 N. Using Osstell$^{TM}$ mentor (Integration Diagnostic AB, Sweden) ISQ values were recorded after measuring the resonant frequency, one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test results were analyzed. (${\alpha}$=0.05). Results: 1. The change of the diameter of the implant did not affect the ISQ (P>.05), but the increase of implant length increased the ISQ(P<.001). 2. The change in implant design were correlated with the ISQ, and the ISQ of submerged design was significantly higher than that of the non-submerged design(P<.05). Conclusion: In order to increase implant stability, the longer implant is better to be selected, and on the same length of implant, submerged design is thought to be able to get a higher ISQ than the non-submerged.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.58-68
• /
• 1998

Advantages of adhesively bonded joints and techniques of weight reduction have led to increasing use of structural adhesives such as LSI(large scale integration) package, automobile, aircraft in the various industries. In spite of such wide applications of adhesively bonded joints, the evaluation method of bonding strength has not been established. Stress singularity occurs at the interface edges of adhesively bonded joints and it is required to analyze it. In this paper, the stress singularity using 2-dimensional elastic boundary element method (BEM) with the changes of the lap length and adhesive for single lap joint was analyzed, and experiments of strength evaluation were carried out. As the results, the evaluating method of bonding strength considering stress singularity at interface edges of adhesively bonded joints and stress intensity factor of interface crack have been proposed in static and fatigue test.