• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.545-554
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• 2006

A widely tunable multi-channel grating cavity laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The device is implemented in Littman configuration with an echelle grating based on Rowland circle construction and realized by monolithically integrating all elements in an InP substrate. Lasing wavelength is selected by turning on an amplifier and the appropriate channel element in the array, and it is tuned by controlling light deflection electrically. The 6-channel device exhibits a tuning range of about 50 nm with a side mode suppression ratio of more than 30 dB. This is accomplished by adjusting the applied current of the dispersive element and phase control section.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2001

An improved method has been developed for the computation of the section forces and stiffness in nonlinear finite element analysis of RC plane frames. The need for a new approach arises because the conventional technique may have a questionable level of efficiency if a large number of layers is specified and a questionable level of accuracy if a smaller number is used. The proposed technique is based on automatically dividing the section into zones of similar state of stress and tangent modulus and then numerically integrating within each zone to evaluate the sectional stiffness parameters and forces. In the new system, the size, number and location of the layers vary with the state of the strains in the cross section. The proposed method shows a significant improvement in time requirement and accuracy in comparison with the conventional layered approach. The computer program based on the new technique has been used successfully to predict the experimental load-deflection response of a RC frame and good agreement with test and other numerical results have been obtained.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.85-103
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• 2011

Integration of finite element analysis (FEA) software into various software platforms is commonly used in coupling systems such as systems involving structural control, fluid-structure, wind-structure, soil-structure interactions and substructure method in which FEA is used for simulating the structural responses. Integrating an FEA program into various other software platforms in an efficient and simple way is crucial for the development and performance of the entire coupling system. The lack of simplicity of the existing integration methods makes this integration difficult and therefore entails the motivation of this study. In this paper, a novel practical technique, namely CS technique, is presented for integrating a general FEA software framework OpenSees into other software platforms, e.g., Matlab-$Simulink^{(R)}$ and a soil-structure interaction (SSI) system. The advantage of this integration technique is that it is efficient and relatively easy to implement. Instead of OpenSees, a cheap client handling TCL is integrated into the other software. The integration is achieved by extending the concept of internet based client-server concept, taking advantage of the parameterization framework of OpenSees, and using a command-driven scripting language called tool command language (TCL) on which the OpenSees' interface is based. There is no need for any programming inside OpenSees. The presented CS technique proves as an excellent solution for the coupling problems mentioned above (for both linear and nonlinear problems). Application examples are provided to validate the integration method and illustrate the various uses of the method in the civil engineering.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.109-126
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• 1996

이 연구에서 사용된 화학제는 NaCl이다. NaCl과 모래-벤토나이트 혼합물이 각기 다른 혼합률로 배합되어 삼축 압축 시험을 하였다(5, 10, 15%). 탄성계수와 점착력, 그리고 내부 마찰각이 구속 응력과 NaCl의 함수로 얻었다. 이로부터 구한 강도 정수를 근거로 하여 응력-변형률-강도의 거동 특성을 화학액의 농도함수로 residual flow procedure(REP)에 연결하였다. RFP와 함께 유한요소법을 이용한 사면안정 해석 프로그램을 개발하여 안전율을 구하였으며 강도정수를 화학용액의 농도함수로 요소방정식에 넣어구한 안전율을 비교하였다. 이로써 화학용액이 흙제방의 안정성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 1994

본(本) 논문(論文)에서는 내부(內部)힌지가 있는 평면(平面) 뼈대구조(構造)의 기하학적(幾何學的)인 비선형(非線型)을 수행하기 위한 두 가지 해석방법(解析方法) 즉, 유한분절법(有限分節法)과 유한요소법(有限要素法)을 제시한다. 유한분절법(有限分節法)의 경우에는 내부(內部)힌지에 대한 경계조건(境界條件)이 고려된 평형방정식(平衡方程式)과 힘-변위(變位) 관계식(關係式)을 직접(直接) 적분(積分)하여 엄밀한 접선강도(接線剛度) 매트릭스를 유도한다. 유한요소법(有限要素法)의 경우에는 내부(內部)힌지와 전단변형(剪斷變形)의 영향이 고려된 Hermitian 다항식(多項式)을 형상함수(形狀凾數)로 사용하여 탄성(彈性) 및 기하학적(幾何學的)인 강도(剛度)매트릭스를 산정한다. 제시된 이론(理論)의 정확성(正確性)과 타당성(妥當性)을 입증(立證)하기 위하여, 선택된 예제(例題)의 해석결과(解析結果)를 제시한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2005

This paper proposes a method to calculate the characteristics of a coupled hydrodynamic journal and thrust bearing of a HDD spindle motor. The governing equations for the journal and thrust bearings are the two dimensional Reynolds equations in $\theta z$ and $ r\theta$ planes, respectively. Finite element method is appropriately applied to analyze the coupled journal and thrust bearing by satisfying the continuity of mass and pressure at the interface between the journal and thrust bearings. The pressure in a coupled bearing is calculated by applying the Reynolds boundary condition and compared with that by using the Half-Sommerfeld boundary condition. The static characteristics are obtained by integrating the pressure along the fluid film. The flying height of spindle motor is measured to verify the proposed analytical result. This research shows that the proposed method can describe HDB in a HDD system more accurately and realistically than the separate analysis of a journal or thrust bearing.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1990

본(本) 논문(論文)에서는 전단변형(剪斷變形) 효과(效果)가 고려되는 평면(平面)뼈대 구조물(構造物)의 기하적(幾何的)인 비선형(非線形) 해석(解析)을 수행하기 위한 두 가지 방법 즉, 유한분절법(有限分節法)과 유한요소법(有限要素法)을 제시한다. 유한분절법(有限分節法)의 경우에는 평형방정식(平衡方程式)을 직접(直接) 적분(積分)하므로써 엄밀(嚴密)한 접선강도(接線剛度) 매트릭스가 유되되는 반면에 유한요소법(有限要素法)의 경우에는 전단변형(剪斷變形)을 고려하는 Hermitian 다항식(多項式)을 형상함수(形狀函數)로 사용하므로써 탄성(彈性) 및 기하적(幾何的)인 강도(剛度)매트릭스가 산정된다. 선택된 예제(例題)들을 해석(解析)한 결과들과 다른 문헌(文獻)의 결과들을 비교, 검토하므로써 본(本) 논문(論文)에서 제시된 이론(理論)의 정당성(正當性)을 입증(立證)한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.223-235
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• 2008

This paper focuses on the application of artificial neural networks (ANN) for optimal design of tensegrity grid as light-weight roof structures. A tensegrity grid, 2 m ${\times}$ 2 m in size, is fabricated by integrating four single tensegrity modules based on half-cuboctahedron configuration, using galvanised iron (GI) pipes as struts and high tensile stranded cables as tensile elements. The structure is subjected to destructive load test during which continuous monitoring of the prestress levels, key deflections and strains in the struts and the cables is carried out. The monitored structure is analyzed using finite element method (FEM) and the numerical model verified and updated with the experimental observations. The paper then explores the possibility of applying ANN based on multilayered feed forward back propagation algorithm for designing the tensegrity grid structure. The network is trained using the data generated from a finite element model of the structure validated through the physical test. After training, the network output is compared with the target and reasonable agreement is found between the two. The results demonstrate the feasibility of applying the ANNs for design of the tensegrity structures.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.846-852
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• 2004

This paper proposes a method to calculate the characteristics of a coupled hydrodynamic journal and thrust bearing of a HDD spindle motor. The governing equations for the journal and thrust bearings are the two dimensional Reynolds equations in ${\theta}z$ and $r\theta$ planes, respectively. Finite element method is appropriately applied to analyze the coupled journal and thrust bearing by satisfying the continuity of mass and pressure at the interface between the journal and thrust bearings. The pressure in a coupled bearing is calculated by applying the Reynolds boundary condition and compared with that by using the Half-Sommerfeld boundary condition. The static characteristics are obtained by integrating the pressure along the fluid film. The flying height of spindle motor is measured to verify the proposed analytical result. This research shows that the proposed method can describe HDB in a HDD system more accurately and realistically than the separate analysis of a journal or thrust bearing.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2019

Thermal cracks are cracks that commonly form at early ages in mass concrete. During the concrete pouring process, the elastic modulus changes continuously. This requires the time domain to be divided into several steps in order to solve for the temperature, stress, and displacement of the concrete. Numerical simulations of thermal crack propagation in concrete are more difficult at early ages. To solve this problem, this study divides crack propagation in concrete at early ages into two cases: the case in which cracks do not propagate but the elastic modulus of the concrete changes and the case in which cracks propagate at a certain time. This paper provides computational models for these two cases by integrating the characteristics of the extended finite element algorithm, compiles the corresponding computational programs, and verifies the accuracy of the proposed model using numerical comparisons. The model presented in this paper has the advantages of high computational accuracy and stable results in resolving thermal cracking and its propagation in concrete at early ages.