• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

The incidence of globally infectious and pathogenic diseases such as H1N1 (swine flu) and Avian Influenza (AI) has recently increased. An infectious disease is a pathogen-caused disease, which can be passed from the infected person to the susceptible host. Pathogens of infectious diseases, which are bacillus, spirochaeta, rickettsia, virus, fungus, and parasite, etc., cause various symptoms such as respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disease, liver disease, and acute febrile illness. They can be spread through various means such as food, water, insect, breathing and contact with other persons. Recently, most countries around the world use a mathematical model to predict and prepare for the spread of infectious diseases. In a modern society, however, infectious diseases are spread in a fast and complicated manner because of rapid development of transportation (both ground and underground). Therefore, we do not have enough time to predict the fast spreading and complicated infectious diseases. Therefore, new system, which can prevent the spread of infectious diseases by predicting its pathway, needs to be developed. In this study, to solve this kind of problem, an integrated monitoring system, which can track and predict the pathway of infectious diseases for its realtime monitoring and control, is developed. This system is implemented based on the conventional mathematical model called by 'Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) Model.' The proposed model has characteristics that both inter- and intra-city modes of transportation to express interpersonal contact (i.e., migration flow) are considered. They include the means of transportation such as bus, train, car and airplane. Also, modified real data according to the geographical characteristics of Korea are employed to reflect realistic circumstances of possible disease spreading in Korea. We can predict where and when vaccination needs to be performed by parameters control in this model. The simulation includes several assumptions and scenarios. Using the data of Statistics Korea, five major cities, which are assumed to have the most population migration have been chosen; Seoul, Incheon (Incheon International Airport), Gangneung, Pyeongchang and Wonju. It was assumed that the cities were connected in one network, and infectious disease was spread through denoted transportation methods only. In terms of traffic volume, daily traffic volume was obtained from Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS). In addition, the population of each city was acquired from Statistics Korea. Moreover, data on H1N1 (swine flu) were provided by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and air transport statistics were obtained from Aeronautical Information Portal System. As mentioned above, daily traffic volume, population statistics, H1N1 (swine flu) and air transport statistics data have been adjusted in consideration of the current conditions in Korea and several realistic assumptions and scenarios. Three scenarios (occurrence of H1N1 in Incheon International Airport, not-vaccinated in all cities and vaccinated in Seoul and Pyeongchang respectively) were simulated, and the number of days taken for the number of the infected to reach its peak and proportion of Infectious (I) were compared. According to the simulation, the number of days was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days when vaccination was not considered. In terms of the proportion of I, Seoul was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. When they were vaccinated in Seoul, the number of days taken for the number of the infected to reach at its peak was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days. In terms of the proportion of I, Gangneung was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. When they were vaccinated in Pyeongchang, the number of days was the fastest in Seoul with 37 days and the slowest in Pyeongchang with 43 days. In terms of the proportion of I, Gangneung was the highest while Pyeongchang was the lowest. Based on the results above, it has been confirmed that H1N1, upon the first occurrence, is proportionally spread by the traffic volume in each city. Because the infection pathway is different by the traffic volume in each city, therefore, it is possible to come up with a preventive measurement against infectious disease by tracking and predicting its pathway through the analysis of traffic volume.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2016

A Land-Atmosphere Modeling Package (LAMP) for supporting agricultural and forest management was developed at the National Center for AgroMeteorology (NCAM). The package is comprised of two components; one is the Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system (WRF) coupled with Noah-Multiparameterization options (Noah-MP) Land Surface Model (LSM) and the other is an offline one-dimensional LSM. The objective of this paper is to briefly describe the two components of the NCAM-LAMP and to evaluate their initial performance. The coupled WRF/Noah-MP system is configured with a parent domain over East Asia and three nested domains with a finest horizontal grid size of 810 m. The innermost domain covers two Gwangneung deciduous and coniferous KoFlux sites (GDK and GCK). The model is integrated for about 8 days with the initial and boundary conditions taken from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) data. The verification variables are 2-m air temperature, 10-m wind, 2-m humidity, and surface precipitation for the WRF/Noah-MP coupled system. Skill scores are calculated for each domain and two dynamic vegetation options using the difference between the observed data from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the simulated data from the WRF/Noah-MP coupled system. The accuracy of precipitation simulation is examined using a contingency table that is made up of the Probability of Detection (POD) and the Equitable Threat Score (ETS). The standalone LSM simulation is conducted for one year with the original settings and is compared with the KoFlux site observation for net radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and soil moisture variables. According to results, the innermost domain (810 m resolution) among all domains showed the minimum root mean square error for 2-m air temperature, 10-m wind, and 2-m humidity. Turning on the dynamic vegetation had a tendency of reducing 10-m wind simulation errors in all domains. The first nested domain (7,290 m resolution) showed the highest precipitation score, but showed little advantage compared with using the dynamic vegetation. On the other hand, the offline one-dimensional Noah-MP LSM simulation captured the site observed pattern and magnitude of radiative fluxes and soil moisture, and it left room for further improvement through supplementing the model input of leaf area index and finding a proper combination of model physics.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.485-503
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• 2012

Academic engagement has been known as a strong predictor of students' cognitive and affective outcomes in an educational context. Despite increasing interest and theoretical usefulness of this construct, a few researchers seem to be interested in the validation of instruments to measure academic engagement for Korean students. Thus, this study would like to introduce one of academic scales widely used, UWES-S(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student) (Schaufeli et al., 2002a: 2002b) and to validate the UWES-S for Korean college students. To validate the Korean version of the UWES-S, 651 college students (285 for Field Trial, 366 for Main Study) were used. The procedure is as follows. First, we used an integrated adaptation procedure to produce a Korean version of the UWES-S. Second, EFA(exploratory factor analyses) was applied to explore the factor structure of the UWES-S on the field trial data. Third, the psychometric properties of the UWES-S items were examined by graded response model(GRM). Also CFA(confirmatory factor analysis) was used to examine its internal construct validity for the data from the main study. Finally, the external validity of the UWES-S was scrutinized with the related variables such as academic motivation and satisfaction. As a result, the Korean version of the UWES-S with 13 items was accepted that the four items were excluded from its original version. Second, the internal validity was supported that the 3 factor CFA model(vigor, dedication, absorption) fit the data well. Third, we supported the partial mediation model that academic engagement played as a mediating variable between academic motivation(internal/external) and academic satisfaction. Finally, the differences between a validation of UWES-S for Korean college and high school students, the necessity of construct equivalence testing, and direction for future research of scale validating were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.191-203
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• 2022

In this paper, we developed a system that intelligently identifies skin image data from big data collected from social media Instagram and extracts standardized skin sample data for skin condition diagnosis and management. The system proposed in this paper consists of big data collection and analysis stage, skin image analysis stage, training data preparation stage, artificial neural network training stage, and skin image identification stage. In the big data collection and analysis stage, big data is collected from Instagram and image information for skin condition diagnosis and management is stored as an analysis result. In the skin image analysis stage, the evaluation and analysis results of the skin image are obtained using a traditional image processing technique. In the training data preparation stage, the training data were prepared by extracting the skin sample data from the skin image analysis result. And in the artificial neural network training stage, an artificial neural network AnnSampleSkin that intelligently predicts the skin image type using this training data was built up, and the model was completed through training. In the skin image identification step, skin samples are extracted from images collected from social media, and the image type prediction results of the trained artificial neural network AnnSampleSkin are integrated to intelligently identify the final skin image type. The skin image identification method proposed in this paper shows explain high skin image identification accuracy of about 92% or more, and can provide standardized skin sample image big data. The extracted skin sample set is expected to be used as standardized skin image data that is very efficient and useful for diagnosing and managing skin conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.34-44
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• 2009

Integrating 3D data acquired in multiple views is one of the most important techniques in 3D modeling. However, due to the presence of surface scanning noise and the modification of vertices consisting of surface, the existing integration methods are inadequate to some applications. In this paper, we propose a method of integrating surfaces by using the local surface topology. We first find all boundary vertex pairs satisfying a prescribed geometric condition on adjacent surfaces and then compute 2D planes suitable to each vertex pairs. Using each vertex pair and neighbouring boundary vertices projected to their 2d plane, we produce polygons and divide them to the triangles which will be inserted to empty space between the adjacent surfaces. A proposed method use local surface topology and not modify the vertices consisting of surface to integrate several of surfaces to one surface, so that it is robust and simple. We also integrate the transformed textures to a 2D image plane computed by using a cylindrical projection to composite 3D textured model. The textures will be integrated according to the partition lines which considering attribute of face object. Experimental results on real object data show that the suggested method is simple and robust.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5284-5291
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• 2012

This research is to develop the Web-Based Ventilator Management Education Program that reflects the needs of nursing site nursing which is intended to help nursing duties. ISD model-building process has been developed for the analysis, design, development, operation, and evaluation of methods. The education program was developed from April to July 2011, and SPSS 18.0 was used for data analysis. The analysis stage, document review and requirement analysis, content analysis, learner analysis, technology and environment analysis have been executed. Through the processes, higher education requirements for the practical ventilator, a large number of subjects under the age of 30, and the career of less than 3 years of ICU were searched. At the design stage, the education content that was presented by the content expert group was executed in information design, mutual interaction design, synchronization design through discussion with program experts. At the development stage, author made the story flow and gathered data and integrated it through the review of related document and data. At the operation and evaluation stage, author executed the developed program and revised and supplemented it on the basis of the evaluation results through the experts and subjects evaluation. The Web-Based Ventilator Management Education Program could contribute to the improvement of nursing because the program has been developed to reflect the diverse needs of nursing practice in the process of building program.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2020

This study analyzed the effects of future climate change on water resources in the Gyeongan-cheon watershed of the Han River. Considering the uncertainties of GCM climate data, future data using 16 GCMs and SQM downscaling method are used. And SWAT model was applied to simulate the hydrological changes from the past to the future. The maximum to minimum difference according to GCM for the future period (2010-2099) was about 1,500 mm of annual precipitation, 150 mm of evapotranspiration, 1,380 mm of runoff, and the deviation from the mean was -40 % to +60 % of precipitation, ±15 % of evapotranspiration, -60 % to +90 % of runoff, which means that the variability is very high according to GCM. The impacts of climate change over the three future periods showed that precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff were expected to increase gradually toward the far future (2070-2099), and would be relatively larger under the RCP 8.5 scenario. On a monthly basis, it was analyzed that precipitation and runoff increased in July to September, while the evapotranspiration decreased in July and August, and increased in September and October. The results of this study are expected to be helpful in understanding the future climate impacts of various GCM data and the uncertainties associated with GCMs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1440-1444
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• 2005

본 연구는 일반적인 수문모형 및 수자원 관련 모형들의 초기세팅시 모형별로 사용되는 각기 다른 형태의 입력자료 대한 활용성을 용이하게 하고 실제 시스템에 적용하여 모형의 활용성을 높이고자 하는데 있다. 특히 현재 한국수자원공사 데이터베이스의 수문자료는 각종 수문모형 및 수자원 관련 시스템에 직접 사용하기에는 모형의 입력 포맷 형태가 너무나 다양하기 때문에 그 한계가 있다. 자료의 형태 대부분이 Raw data의 형식으로 이루어져 있어 모형 입력을 위한 선행 자료처리가 불가피하며, 이로 인해 실질적인 유출해석의 정확성을 높이는 연구 또는 수문학적 분석을 위한 연구등의 학술적인 측면에 초점이 맞추어지기보다 오히려 입력자료 구축에 많은 시간이 투입되는 것이 사실이다. 그 예로 실시간 물관리 운영 시스템(IRWMS)에서 유역유출 모형으로 사용 중인 SSARR모형의 강우 입력자료로는 유역평균강우량(MAP)이 사용된다. 한편 데이터베이스에는 지점 강우자료가 저장되어 있으며, 이를 사용하기 위해서는 다시 티센법(Thiessen Method), 유역평균법 등을 이용하여 지점강우에서 MAP로 환산 후 활용해야한다. 또한 이러한 선행 작업들은 모형 수행자마다 반복적으로 이루어지는 작업이므로 변환 프로그램에 의해 자동으로 계산하여 DB 등에 저장하고 사용한다면 수문자료 분석에 소모되는 시간과 비용을 절감할 수 있을 것이다. 현재 데이터베이스 내부에는 이러한 자료변환 알고리즘이 포함되어 있지 않으며 원시자료인 지점 강우자료가 데이터베이스에 저장되어 활용하고 있다. 따라서 수자원 전문가들에게 분석하고자 하는 유역별 모형별로 입력자료의 형태가 변환되어 자료를 실시간으로 제공하고, 또한 전산전문가가 아닌 수자원 전문가에 의해 관리 될 수 있는 데이터베이스 관리프로그램이 필요하다. 이러한 데이터베이스 관리프로그램의 역할가운데 주요사항으로 수문 자료를 활용한 수자원 관련 프로그램에 해당 실무 차원에서 작성, 검토, 사용을 위한 수자원 공사의 Raw Data 가공이 사용자의 요구에 따라 이루어져야 한다. 사용자의 요구에 따라 가공된 데이터는 다시 데이터베이스에 저장되어 다른 모형에서 해당 자료를 필요로 하게 될 경우 사용자들은 데이터를 손쉽게 받아 사용할 수 있다. 저장된 자료들은 검$\cdot$보정 기능을 포함하여 신뢰성을 확보하고 유출모형의 입력자료를 동일한 수준으로 유지하게 된다. 특히 IRWMS(Integrated Real-time Water Manage System)를 물관리 센터에서 실질적으로 운영하기 위해서는 신뢰성 있는 수문자료의 확보가 반드시 필요하다. 초기 입력자료의 신뢰성에 따라 시스템 전체에 미치는 영향이 상당히 크기 때문이다. 따라서 이러한 수문자료 연산 프로그램(JydroDB Solution)은 수문자료의 신뢰도를 분석할 수 있을뿐만 아니라 IRWMS 내부의 여러 모형과 연동이 가능하도록 개발하였고 수자원 전문가에 의해 테이터베이스관리가 손쉽게 이루어지도록 구성하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7224-7230
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• 2014

This study attempted to identify the health-related quality of life and its related factors in urban elderly women. This study used the data of the 2011 Community Health Survey. The subjects of this study were 704 elderly women. Based on the literature review, this study examined variables with health-related quality of life and construct integrated conceptual framework of the study. For data analysis, SPSS 18.0 and LISREL 8.8. were used to calculate the percentage, mean, standard deviation, Spearman correlation, and path analysis parameter. The total mean EQ-5D index score was $0.81({\pm}0.20)$ and the major problems were pain/discomfort (62.5%) and mobility (53.9%) and normal activity (38.9%). The model showed a goodness of fit to the empirical data. Age, income, health promotion behavior, social support, physical health and mental health had significant direct effects on EQ-5D and age, income, health promotion behavior and social support had indirect effects on EQ-5D. These variables explained 28% of the variance of EQ-5D. To improve the quality of life in urban elderly women, it is essential to have a comprehensive program for elderly women.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2014

We investigate the spatial distribution of highly conductive layer using the one-dimensional inversions of the new magnetotelluric (MT) measurements obtained at the mid-mountain (400 ~ 900 m in elevation) western area of Jeju Island and the previous MT data over Jeju Island, Korea. The conductive layer indicates the sedimentary layer comprised of Seoguipo Fomation and U Formation. There is a definite positive correlation between the top of conductive layer and the earth surface in elevation. On the contrary, the bottom of conductive layer has a negative correlation with the surface elevation. In other words, the conductive layer has a shape of convex lens, which is thickest in the central part. The basement beneath the conductive layer could be concave in the central part of Jeju Island. A kriging considering the correlation between the layer boundary and the surface elevation provides a reliable geoelectric structure model of Jeju Island. However, further studies, i.e. three-dimensional modeling and interpretation integrated with other geophysical or logging data, are required to reveal the possible presence of three-dimensional conductive body near the subsurface vent of Mt. Halla and the causes of the bias in the depths of layer estimated from MT and core log data.