• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.318-318
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• 2009

The door stiffness is one of the important factors side impact. Generally, the researches have been conducted on the assembled door module. This study is to analysis the side impact characteristics for automotives door module. The impact characteristics have been determined by door module side impact test machine. To determine the initial, intermediate and peak crush resistances use the plot of load versus displacement and obtain the integral of the applied load with respect to the crush distances specified below for each door tested. The initial crush resistance is the average force required to deform the door through the initial 6 inches of crush. The intermediate crush resistance is the average force required to deform the door through the initial 12 inches of crush. The peak crush resistance will be directly obtained from the plot of load versus displacement since it is the largest force required to deform the door through the entire 18 inches crush distance. The data are used to determine if a specific vehicle or item of automotives equipment meets the minimum performance requirements of the subject Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard(FMVSS). FMVSS Static 214, Side impact protection, specifies performance requirements for protection of occupants in side impact crashes.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.417-424
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 정량화(Quantification) 문제를 MFT(Mean Field Theroy)를 통해서 해결하는 기법을 제안한다. 통계학에서 중요한 문제의 하나인 정량화 문제는 주어진 공간에서 대상들간의 유사성에 따라서 최적의 상태를 갖도록 하는 문제이다. 평균장 접근 방법에 기초한 한개의 변수로 표현되는 확률적 시뮬레이티드 아닐링을 제안하고 정량화 문제를 패널티(penalty) 파라메타 항을 첨가한 비한정된 최적화 문제로 변형하 여 MFT를 적용하였다. 또한 연속변수를 갖는 신경회로망에서 실제 값을 계산하는 것 보다 평균장 접근방법으로 계산하는것이 더 빠르게 계산될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법이 실험결과 해석적인 방법보다 좋은 정량적 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.639-654
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• 2011

This paper presents a Current Distribution Control design for Paralleled Positive Output Elementary Super Lift Luo Converters (PPOESLLCs) operated in Continuous Conduction Mode using a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). Manipulating the higher current requirement of the load through the paralleling of POESLLCs, results in a current inequality. This is mainly due to dissimilarities in the power semiconductor switches and circuit components used in POESLLCs, which may lead to converter failures. In order to balance the proper load current sharing and the load voltage regulation of PPOESLLCs, a SMC is developed. The SMC is designed for the inherently variable-structured of POESLLCs by using the state-space average based model. The static and dynamic performance of the developed controller with PPOESLLCs is validated for its robustness to perform over a wide range of operating conditions through both a laboratory prototype and MatLab/Simulink models, which are compared with a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. Theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the developed SMC along with the complete design procedure.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2024

Hardware components are an integral part of Hardware Define Radio (HDR) for seamless operations and optimal performance. On the other hand, Software Define Radio (SDR) is a program that does not rely on any hardware components for its performance. Both of the latter radio programmers utilize modulation functions to make their core components from signal processing viewpoint. The following paper concentrates on SDR based modulation and their performance under different modulations. The bit error rate (BER) of modulations such as PSK, QAM, and PSAM were used as indicators to test channel quality estimation in planar Rayleigh fading. Though it is not commonly used for channel fading, the method of the adder determines the regionally segmented channel fading. Thus, the estimation error of the channel change substantially reduces the performance of the signal, hence, proving to be an effective option. Moreover, this paper also elaborates that BER is calculated as a function of the sample size (signal length) with an average of 20 decibels. Consequently, the size of the results for different modulation schemes has been explored. The analytical results through derivations have been verified through computer simulation. The results focused on parameters of amplitude estimation error for 1dB reduction in the average signal-to-noise ratio, while the combined amplitude deviation estimation error results are obtained for a 3.5 dB reduction

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2013

목 적: 10 MV 이상 고에너지 방사선 치료 시 광핵반응을 통해 광중성자가 발생된다. 광중성자는 방사선하중계수가 X선 보다 커 작은 선량에도 인체에 미치는 영향이 크므로 정확한 선량계산 및 고려가 필요하다. 이에 광자선 에너지 크기와 치료방법에 따른 광중성자의 선량변화를 공간적인 측면에서 비교 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 광자선의 에너지 크기에 따른 광중성자의 선량 변화를 측정하고자 동일한 치료부위의 환자를 대상으로 치료 계획을 10 MV와 15 MV conventional plan으로 각각 만들었다. 그리고 치료방법에 따른 차이에 대해 측정하고자 10 MV conventional plan과 10 MV IMRT plan을 각각 만들었다. 검출기의 위치는 광자선원으로부터 isocenter까지의 거리를 100 cm으로 정한 기준점을 $^3He$비례계수기의 중심점에 위치시키고 광중성자 선량을 측정하였다. 또한 중심점을 기준으로 couch의 longitudinal 방향으로 상방, 하방 50 cm 방향으로 각각 $^3He$비례계수기를 위치시켜 위치변화에 따른 선량변화를 측정하여 상용프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과: 에너지 크기에 따른 광중성자의 평균 누적선량은 10 MV, 15 MV conventional RT시 각각 $220.27{\mu}Sv$, $526.61{\mu}Sv$로 15 MV conventional RT가 평균 2.39배의 선량이 증가하였다. 동일한 에너지의 conventional RT와 IMRT의 광중성자의 평균 누적선량은 Conventional RT, IMRT 시 각각 $220.27{\mu}Sv$, $308.27{\mu}Sv$로 IMRT가 1.40배의 선량이 증가하였다. 측정위치에 따른 광중성자의 누적선량은 Conventional RT시 point 2가 3보다 10 MV에서는 약 7.1%, 15 MV에서는 3.0%로 유의하게 높게 측정되었다. 결 론: 고에너지 방사선 치료 시 광중성자에 의한 불필요한 선량을 줄이기 위해 에너지의 선택, 치료 방법의 결정 및 환자의 position을 고려해야 할 것이다. 또한 광중성자의 선량 데이터를 체계화하여 전산화계획 프로그램에 적용되는 방안을 모색하여야 할 것이다. 이는 환자에게 불필요한 선량을 최소화하고 방사선 치료로 인한 2차 암 발생확률과 부작용을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.114-116
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• 2004

The temperature profile control issue in the resistive welder for the electronic parts is discussed. The average current of the welder tip depends on the phase(on-time) of the AC power and the tip temperature maintains or increases/decreases depending on the integral of the current square and heat loss, The basic PID control algorithm with thermo-couple feedback is difficult to track the temperature profile for various parts and optimal gain changes much. So constant gain PID algorithm is not enough to cover various electronic parts welding and a Fuzzy-PID automatic gain tuning algorithm is devised and added to conventional PID algorithm and this hybrid control architecture is implemented and the experimental results are shown.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1992년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.952-957
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• 1992

When the circuit-breaker switches off, an electric arc is established between the contacts. It is very important to understand the arc characteristics for the design of a circuit breaker. This article describes the theoretical analysis of the arc characteristics by means of energy integral method when convection dominated low current arcs are produced in the dual-airflow nozzle of a model interrupter. In order to investigate the arc radius, the average electric field strength and the arc voltage, the arc column is divided into two regions, and then the energy conservation equation is applied to the arc in each region together with the axial cold flow mass flux function, steady-state mass balance equation and Ohm's law. The results show good agreements with those of other researchers.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1998

In this study, the effects of water vapor in inlet air on combustion efficiency, general performance, knock characteristics and emission gas concentration were investig- ated through the experiments of combustion and vibration analyses, emission gas analysis by changing water vapor quantity in inlet air with temperature and humidity auto control unit. With partial vapor pressure increase, the brake torque at wide open throttle status decreased and the average ignition delay angle increased, IMEP (indicated mean effective pressured using the integral and 3rd derivatives of filtered cylinder pressure as knock intensity, which matched well with the method of frequency power spectrum of block vibration signal. Water vapor in intake air had influence on the spark knock sensitivity. With the increase of water vapor content in intake air NOx emission was decreased and HC emission was increased.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-91
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• 1997

In this study, a magnetic sensor to make use of eddy current was developed to detect the weld seam of butt joint in the sheet metal arc welding. This system consist of the sensor device for detecting the weld line, the servo control device for driving the weld torch movement and the control unit. A signal processing was applied to smooth the output signal of the sensor. The weld joint was determined by using a 1st order differential method. To improve tracking accuracy of the system, moving average method which has an effect of proportional and weighted integral control was applied to a series of the weld joint positions obtained above. The weld line for tracking was generated by using data regeneration algorithm. Based on these results, each servo motor was controlled by pulse generator. From experimental results, it was revealed that this system has excellent detecting ability for weld line and seam tracking ability.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.186-189
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• 2005

In a clinical setting, developing a reliable method for the automated drug infusion system would improve a drug therapy under the unexpected and acute changes of hemodynamics. The conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller might not be able to achieve maximum performance because of the unexpected change of the intra- and inter-patient variability. The fuzzy PID control and the conventional PID control were tested under the unexpected response of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to a vasopressor agent during acute hypotension. Compared with the conventional PID control, the fuzzy PID control performed the robust MAP regulation regardless of the unexpected MAP response (average absolute value of the error between target value and actual MAP: 0.98 vs. 2.93 mmHg in twice response of the expected MAP and 2.59 vs. 9.75 mmHg in three-times response of the expected MAP). The result was due to the adaptive change of the proportional gain in PID parameters.