• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 1993

The size variation of the cambial initials and their derivatives, in relation to the increase of girth, in the intact and decapitated stem of Populus euramericana was anatomically studied. In the typical nonstoried cambium of P. euramericana, the cell size of fusiform initials, vessel member, and sieve tube member were gradually increased and thus it reached a maximal state. In the intact plants, the size of the cambial initials and their derivatives was larger then in the decapitated ones. On the other hand, the frequency of anticlinal division of the cambial cells, the rate of the elongation and loss of the daughter initials in the intact plants was higher than in the decapitated ones. The cambium of the intact plants had higher ray compared with that of the decapitated ones. It was interpreted that these results were caused by the decapitation, which could block the supply of certain substances for cell growth such as hormones and metabolites.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2008

The influence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on the bone marrow (BM) natural suppressor (NS) cells of intact Ehrlich carcinoma -bearing CBA mice was studied. Bone marrow NS cells were fractionated into three fractions by isopycnic centrifugation on percoll gradients: NS1 (${\rho}$=1.080 g/ml), NS2 (${\rho}$=1.090 g/ml) and NS3 (1.100> ${\rho}$ > 1.090 g/ml). These fractions were highly different in their sensitivity to known NS cell inductors (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3 or histamine). None of the NS fractions isolated from the intact mice spontaneously produced antiproliferative activity, however, they showed a high level of NS (antiproliferative and natural killer cell inhibitory) activity under the influence of AFP. A single injection of AFP to intact mice led to an increase of spontaneous NS activity and the inhibition of natural killer cell activity. NS activity, especially NS2, was increased in when tumor cells were subcutaneously inoculated three days after AFP injection. In the AFP-treated mice, the tumor mass at 14 days was 60% larger than that in the untreated mice. Our data confirmed that AFP is a tumor marker that can inhibit cancer immunity and plays a role in cancer pathogenesis.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.719-725
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• 2011

To apply TMAH-based Py-MS to a field biological detection system for real-time classification of cell-type, reproducible patterns of the TMAH-based Py-MS spectra was known as a critical factor for classification but was seriously disturbed by quantity of cells injected into pyro-tube. This factor is an exterior variable that could not be complemented by improving the performance of the TMAH-based Py-MS instrument. One of idea to solve the knotty problem has been flashed from "Top-down proteomics for identification of intact microoganisms". That is, biomarker peaks are selected from complicate Py-MS spectra for intact microoganisms by tracing out their origins, based on Py-MS spectra for the featured components of different cell-types, in Top-down approach. This idea has been tested in classification of different Gram-type microoganisms. Through the analyses of spectra for the featured components - peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid for Gram-positive cells and lipopolysaccharide and lipid A for Gram-negative cells - with comparing to the spectra the corresponding Gram-type cells in the Top-down approach, biomarker peaks were selected to carry out PCA(Principal Component Analysis) in order to see classification of different Gram-types, resulting in significant improvement of their classification. Furthermore, weighting biomarker peaks on intact cell's spectra, based on the data for the featured components of the Gram-types, contributed to elevate classification performance.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2023

Objective: Autophagy is highly active in ovariectomized mice experiencing hormone deprivation, especially in the uterine mesenchyme. Autophagy is responsible for the turnover of vasoactive factors in the uterus, which was demonstrated in anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 receptor (Amhr2)-Cre-driven autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) knockout (Amhr-Cre/Atg7^f/f mice). In that study, we uncovered a striking difference in the amount of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) accumulation between virgin mice and breeder mice with the same genotype. Herein, we aimed to determine whether repeated breeding changed the composition of mesenchymal cell populations in the uterine stroma. Methods: All female mice used in this study were of the same genotype. Atg7 was deleted by Amhr2 promoter-driven Cre recombinase in the uterine stroma and myometrium, except for a triangular stromal region on the mesometrial side. Amhr-Cre/Atg7^f/f female mice were divided into two groups: virgin mice with no mating history and aged between 11 and 12 months, and breeder mice with at least 6-month breeding cycles with multiple pregnancies and aged around 12 months. The uteri were used for Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results: SQSTM1 accumulation, representing Atg7 deletion and halted autophagy, was much higher in virgin mice than in breeders. Breeders showed reduced accumulation of several vasoconstrictive factors, which are potential autophagy targets, in the uterus, suggesting that the uterine stroma was repopulated with autophagy-intact cells during repeated pregnancies. Conclusion: Multiple pregnancies seem to have improved the uterine environment by replacing autophagy-deficient cells with autophagy-intact cells, providing evidence of cell mixing.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1993

산소발생능에 있어 오랜 기간 안정성을 유지하는 세포와 분리 틸라코이드 막을 단세포성 남조류인 Synechococcus PCC7002로부터 PVA로 고정화하여 구할 수 있었다. 분리 틸라코이드 막 및 고정화한 세포나 틸라코이드 막의 흡수스펙트럼의 굽대가 청색쪽으로 3nm정도 전이하였다. PVA에 고정화한 세포나 틸라코이드 막은 $4^{\circ}C$에 보관할 경우 광합성에 의한 전자전달 활성, 특히 광계 2의 활성을 오랜기간 보존할 수 있었다. 세포를 고온에 처리하였을 때 Fo와 Fv가 증가하였으나 고정화한 후에는 Fo의 변화가 거의 없었다. 이 결과는 고정화가 열처리에 의한 광계 2 복합체의 손상 특히 물분해기구의 손상에 대해 보호작용을 할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2021

The therapeutic antibody drug market has experienced explosive growth as mAbs become the main therapeutic modality for a variety of diseases. Characterization of glycosylation that directly affects the efficacy and safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is critical for therapeutics development, bioprocess system optimization, lot release, and comparability evaluation. The LC/MS approach has been widely used to structurally characterize mAbs, and recently attempts have been made to obtain comprehensive information on the primary structure and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mAbs through intact protein analysis. In this study, we performed state-of-the-art LC/MS based intact protein analysis to readily identify and characterize glycoforms of various mAbs. Different glycoforms of mAbs produced in different expression cell lines including CHO, SP2/0 and HEK cells were monitored and compared. In addition, the comparability of protein molecular weight, glycoform pattern, and relative abundances of glycoforms between the commercialized trastuzumab biosimilar and the original product was determined in detail using the given platform. Intact mAb analysis allowed us to gain insight into the overall mAb structure, including the complexity and diversity of glycosylation. Furthermore, our analytical platform with high reproducibility is expected to be widely used for biopharmaceutical characterization required at all stages of drug development and manufacturing.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.799-804
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• 2006

Ingestion of green tea has been shown to decrease prostaglandin $E_2$ levels in human colorectum, suggesting that tea constituents modulate arachidonic acid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of four purified green tea catechins, (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), on the catalytic activity of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) and release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites from intact cells. At $50\;{\mu}M$, EGCG and ECG inhibited $cPLA_2$ activity by 19 and 37%, respectively, whereas EC and EGC were less effective. The inhibitory effects of these catechins on arachidonic acid metabolism in intact cells were much more pronounced. At $10\;{\mu}M$, EGCG and ECG inhibited the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites by 50-70% in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (KYSE-190 and 450). EGCG and ECG also inhibited arachidonic acid release induced by A23187, a calcium ionophore, in both HT-29 and KYSE-450 cell lines by 30-50%. The inhibitory effects of green tea catechins on $cPLA_2$ and arachidonic acid release may provide a possible mechanism for the prevention of human gastrointestinal inflammation and cancers.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 1988

Effect of clonidine on the dorsal horn cell responses to mechanical stimulations were studies in 3 spinalized cats and 10 cats with intact spinal cord. The type of dorsal horn cells was determined according to their response patterns to four graded mechanical stimulations (brush, pressure, pinch and squeeze) applied to the respective receptive fields. In the present study the results obtained only from the wide dynamic range (WDR) cells were included. The responses of the WDR cells to noxious mechanical stimuli were selectively suppressed following intravenous administration of clonidine into the experimental animals. The clonidine-induced changes in responses of the WDR cells to mechanical stimulation were not affected by naloxone or propranolol whereas effect of clonidine on WDR cell responses was almost completely abolished after intravenous administration of yohimbine. Also in the spinalized cats results parallel to those observed in cats with intact spinal cord were obtained. The results of present study strongly implies that analgesic action of clonidine can be mediated through excitation of ${\alpha}_{2}-adrenoceptor$ even at the spinal cord level without supraspinal mechanism.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.125-127
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• 2013

Canine Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (CSPD) represents a sterile, superficial, pustular skin disease of unknown cause but may be a variant of pemphigus foliaceus. A 7-year-old, intact female, mixed dog presented with 3-month history of pruritic multiple pustules and crusts. Direct smears from intact pustules revealed numerous nondegenerate neutrophils, some acantholytic cells, and bacterial culture was negative. Histologic examination of lesional skin showed subcorneal pustules filled with neutrophils and acantholytic cells. The direct immunofluorescence tests stained with IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 were negative. Oral administration of dapsone (1 mg/kg/q8h) was initiated and it was reduced to 1 mg/kg/q12h with good control of the lesions.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1985

$(Na^++K^+)-ATPase$은 ${\alpha}$ 와 ${\beta}$의 두 subunits로 구성되어 있으며, 분자량이 약 300,000 daltons 정도되는 것으로 보아 ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2$의 형태로 존재할 것으로 알려져 왔다 한편, 사람 적혈구막에 있는 $Na^+,\;K^+\;Pump$는 glycolytic enzymes과 complex를 이루고 있으리라는 보고도 있다. 우리는 이 실험에서 in situ상태의 사람 적혈구막$(Na^++K^+)-ATPase$의 분자량을 측정하기 위하여, 소위 말하는 ‘Target theory’를 radiation에 의한 ouabain sensitive한 $\Na^+$이동과, intact한 cells과 ghosts에서의 ATP가수분해능력의 inactivation data에 적용하였다. Intact한 cells은 cryoprotective agent의 존재하에서, ghosts는 직접적으로 액화질소의 용기속에 담고 온도를 $-45^{\circ}C$에서 $-50^{\circ}C$로 유지시키면서 1.5 MeV의 electron beam으로 조사한 후에 Pump의 기능내지 효소의 활성도를 측정하여 radiation에 따르는 inactivation의 정도를 측정하였다. 이득 활성도는 radiation의 양에 따라 simple exponential function으로 inactivation되었으며, 이로부터 radiation sensitive volume(target size)를 계산하였다. Target size는 intact한 cells을 사용하였을 경 우$(Na^++K^+)-ATPase$나 $Na^+,\;K^+\;Pump$ 모두 600,000 daltons으로 계산되었으며, 이 값은 만약 cells을 strophanthidin으로 먼저 처치하고 측정하면 약 325,000 daltons으로 감소하였다. Ghosts를 사용했을 경우에도$(Na^++K^+)-ATPase$의 target size는 역시 약 325,000 daltons이었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 intact한 cells에서는 $(Na^++K^+)-ATPase/Na^+,\;K^+\;Pump$가 $(\alpha\beta)_2$의 dimer 상태로 존재하거나 혹은 $(\alpha\beta)_2$의 monomer에 glycolytic enzymes과 같은 다른 enzymes이 붙어 functional한 구조를 이루고 있는 것이 아닌가 사료된다. 또한 실헐성적은 이러한 dimeric association 혹은 heterocomplex association은 ghost를 만드는 과정에서나 strophanthidin의 처치로 부서질 수 있음을 암시하고 있다.