• 보건행정학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.136-160
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• 2005

Before introducing the national long-term care insurance in 2008, the want for long term care service has to be estimated and analysed. This study estimates the demand and analyses what determines the want of long term care service. This study investigated data of 3f6 elderlies, that was collected by age stratified random sampling. The elderies resided in Onyang 4 - dong (urban area) and Dogo-myun (rural area) In the city of Asan. The researchers visited the elderlies and their care giver, and assessed their demand for the long term care service and examined physical, mental, socio-economic status by the assessment tools for Korean Long-Term Care System. $64\%$ of the those who are entitled to be served refuse the long term care service. $26.7\%$ of them wants for home care service and $7.9\%$ want facility care service. It is estimated that the want of home care service are three or four times as much as that of facility care service. The demand for long term care service is 5.155 times higher for those who live in rural area (p=0.000), 3.040 times higher for those who do not have spouse(p=0.057), and 3.356 times higher for the people who is in medicaid than medical insurance(p=0.029). However, income(p=0.782), means(p=0.614), living alone(p=0.223), number of family to live with (p=0.341) and age of the elderly(p=0.420) are not related with the demand of long term care service. The assessment tools for Korean Long-Term Care System for need evaluation of the long term care service can reflect the demand well.(p=0.024) If medical care will cover $80\%$ of total cost, the willingness to pay of the out of pocket money of the people with medical insurance is 67,400 Korean Won(66.77 US$) for the home care service and 182,500 Korean Won(180.78 US$) for the facility care service. There is possibility that long term care demand is still small after Introducing the long term care Insurance due to the care given by family members. When developing service delivery system of long term care insurance, rural area has to be given more consideration than urban area because of the higher demand. The people who do not have spouse or are in medicaid have to be given special consideration as well.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.223-262
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• 1992

보험수요자(保險需要者)로서의 개인이나 기업은 보험증권과 함께 은행 예금과 같은 무위험자산, 혹은 실물자산 자본자산과 같은 위험자산을 보유하고 있는 것이 보통이다. 본 논문은 보험 수요자가 보유하는 전체 포트폴리오의 맥락에서 최적보험수요(最適保險需要)를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이 연구에서 설정(設定)한 분석규모(分析規模)에서는 기대효용가설(期待效用假說)(expected utility hypothesis)에 기초하여 무위험자산과 위험자산에 대한 수요를 보험수요와 동시에 고려하여 보험료(保險料)의 기회비용이 균형보험료(均衡保險料) 개념에 명백히 반영되게 하였다. 이 경우 보험계약은 재난 재해에 대한 위험관리(危險管理)(insurable risk management) 방법의 하나로써 다른 투자기회들과 함께 경쟁관계에서 전체 포트폴리오의 위험을 감소시키는 역할을 담당한다. 본 모형의 분석 결과는 기존의 보험경제학설과 다음과 같은 근본적인 상이점을 보이고 있다. 첫째로, 투자자의 효용함수가 일정절대위험회피(一定絶對危險回避)(CARA)일 경우, 투자위험(投資危險)(speculative risk)과 재산 재해위험(財産 災害危險) (insurable risk)이 확률적으로 상호의존 관계에 있더라도, 최적보험수요(最適保險需要)는 다른 투자기회들과 분리(分離)(separation)결정될 수 있음을 보였다. 그러나 일반적으로 재산 재해위험이 투자위험과 확률적으로 독립분포되어 있더라도, 보험과 투자간의 상호작용 때문에, 최적보험수요는 다른 투자기회들과 분리결정 될 수 없음을 보였다. 이 논문에서는 특별히, 무위험자산 혹은 위험자산에 대한 투자가 재산 재해(財産 災害)의 위험(危險)(insurable risk)을 헷징(hedging)하는 데 기여하는 고유한 역할을 규명하였고, 또 그 역할을 보험 계약에 의해 중복될 수 없는 것임을 보였다. 둘째로, 베르누이 원칙(Bernoulli Principle)을 재검토하여 기존의 베르누이 원칙이 본(本) 분석모형에서는 제한적으로 성립함을 보였다. 이 논문에서는 보다 일반적으로 베르누이 기준이 유지 혹은 위배되는 충분조건을 제시하였고, 그 조건을 전체 포트폴리오 위험에 대한 평균보지확산(平均保持擴散)(mean preserving spread)의 개념을 도입해 직관적으로 해석하였다. 전통적으로 베르누이 원칙은 보험시장 존재근거에 대해 가장 강력한 이론적 타당성을 부여해 왔으나, 이 논문의 분석결과는 보험수요자의 투자에 대한 기회비용이 보험가격 책정에 반영되지 않으면 보험시장이 붕괴할 수 있음을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide the valid data about residential-linked pension insurance development. The development was a part of national housing projects, which was an incentive for rural living of retired people, in order to relieve residential issues of elderly and revitalize rural communities by residents moving from cities. The insuring intent, decisive insuring factors and the residential service demand degree of people preparing retirement were analyzed. Data was collected in October, 2007. 364 Sample Subjects lived in Seoul Metropolitan area. Firstly, more than 90% of respondents had intention to purchase a residential-linked pension insurance and about 50% of them necessarily desired receiving premium for moving in. This indicated that it could be developed as an insurance which helped to meet housing expenses by housing-linked system, and in the mean time, it met the original purpose of pension insurance as the pension benefit could be guaranteed for all the insurance subscribers. Secondly, the respondents, whose income and private assets were higher, were able to pay more for insurance compared to average. Therefore, It was necessary to regulate monthly insurance bill and the payment period according to asset states of insurance subscribers after establishing certain amount of total insurance payment. Thirdly, by and large, it indicated the tendency that the less they prepare for older age the later they wanted to move into the pension insurance residence. It was inferred that in the case of insufficient preparation for older age, people preferred preparing behind time by postponing move in to moving in early to enjoy retired life, due to uncertainties. lastly, the respondents understood the significance of health, medical treatment and emergency management service and these two services were preferred as essential provided services. Because of the necessity of developing residential-linked pension insurance was found to be positive, further research to find the real cost, directives for operation and institutional support for this type of pension insurance might be needed.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.169-186
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• 2007

The purpose of this study analyzes laying stress on Japan example that background of electronic issue of international meritime insurance policy is what, and is marched in some degree present. and this study presented what hereafter subject of electronic insurance plice is. The this paper is to study the current situations of trade financial EDI in Japan and problems in application of marine insurance contracts. The subject of electronic marine policy issue is as following in trade financing EDI. (1) application of electronic document in claim demand. (2) standardization of various documents and insurance plice data. (3) insurance compensation document that become Jeonjahwa in insurance accident settlement. (4) maritime Insurance policy agreement's establishment. (5) when is monopolized to third party, realization of electronic maritime insurance policy offer.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.165-180
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• 1998

In this study, we analysed the current situation of Internet-based insurance services which can provide a non-traditional and cost effective communication channel between the customers and insurance companies. The service of Internet-based cyber-insurance extends from mere advertisement to on-line contracts through planning simulations and, furthermore, to customer monitoring. This cyber-insurance is the demand of the times and is not to be overlooked-by the Korean insurance companies which are suffering from accumulated loss and are facing severe economic depression. We performed a comparative analysis between the domestic cyber-insurance service and pioneers'. Also, we suggested future possibilities of cyber-insurance services, presenting an architecture for the construction of a cyber-insurance management module within the meta financial investment system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the demand and willingness to pay for oral hygiene services among elderly people with long-term care insurance. Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional analysis. Subjects comprised 126 elderly individuals from long-term home-care centers. A total of 28 centers were selected through convenience sampling from among 78 centers in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$. For analysis, semi-structured questionnaires that required about 20-30 minutes to complete were used. Analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results: The overall demand for oral hygiene services was 44.4%, and willingness to pay was 31.0%. Thirty-three people (58.9%) of elderly those who have demand for an oral hygiene service were willing to pay for the service, and 64 people (91.4%) who did not have a demand were not willing to pay for it. Among those with partial dependence on brushing, 65.6% had demand for oral hygiene services and 50.0% were willing to pay costs. Among basic livelihood beneficiaries, 69.6% were willing to pay for oral hygiene services; general subjects and relievers were less willing to pay. Conclusions: The overall demand for oral hygiene services among elderly people was 44.4%, and the willingness to pay was as low as 31.0%.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.221-237
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• 1992

The reasons for cost inflation in medical insurance expenditure are classified into demand pull inflation and cost push inflation. The former includes increase in the number of beneficiaries and utilization rate, while the latter includes increase in medical insurance fee and the charges per case. This study was conducted to analyze sources of increases of expenditure in medical insurance demonstration area by the period of 1982-1987 which was earlier than national health insurance and the period of national health insurance(1988-1990). The major findings were as follows: Medical expenditure in these areas increased by 9.4%(15.1%) annually between 1982 and 1990 on the basis of costant price(current price) and for this period, the yearly average increasing rate of expenses for outpatient care[10.5%(15.8%)] was higher than that of inpatient care [7.3%(12.6%)]. Medical expenditure increased by 6.3%(8.9%) annually between 1982 and 1987, the period of medical insurance demonstration, while it increased by 10.7%(18.9%) after implementing national health insurance(1988-1990). Medical expenditure increased by 35.9%(45.9%) between 1982 and 1987. Of this increase, 115.2%(92.1%) was attributable to the increase in the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and 61.0%(68.1%) was due to the increase in the charges per case, but the expenditure decreased by 76.2%(60.2%) due to the reduction in the number of beneficiaries. Beteen 1988 and 1990, the period of national health insurance, medical expenditure increased by 21.2%(41.4%). Of this increase, 87.5%(46.4%) was attributable to the increase in the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and 52.4%(73.4%) was due to the increase in the charges per case, and of the increase in the charges per case, 69.6%(40.8%) was attributable to the increase in the days of visit per case. Medical expenses per person in these areas increased by 78.2%(89.0%) between 1982 and 1987. Of this increase, 76.6%(69.1%) was attributable to the increase in the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and 23.4%(30.9%) was due to the increase in the charges per case. For this period, demand-pull factor was the major cause of the increase in medical expenses and the expenses per treatment day was the major attributable factor in cost-push inflation. Betwee 1988 and 1990, medical expenditure per person increased by 31.2%(53.1%). Of this increase, 60.8%(37.2%) was attributable to the demand-pull factor and 39.2%(62.8%) was due to the increase in the charges per case which was one of cost-push factors. In current price, the attributalbe rate of the charges per case which was one of cost-push factors was higher than that of utilization rate in the period of national health insurance as compared to the period of medical insurance demonstration. In consideration of above findings, demand-pull factor led the increase in medical expenditure between 1982 and 1987, the period of medical insurance medel trial, but after implementing national health insurance, the attributable rate of cost-push factor was increasing gradually. Thus we may conclude that for medical cost containment, it is requested to examine the new reimbursement method to control cost-push factor and service-intensity factor.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 1985

Necessity of life insurance is stronger for people who feel some anxiety of their health. However, in fact, it is not permitted for them to get a contract, because life insurance stands on the mutual benefit system. Life insurance must be impartial to all applicants. However, it is very reasonable that an applicant, who has high medical impairment like heart infarction or cancer, is rejected, to have a contract by underwriting decision. On the other hand, if his medical impairment is not so severe, we might accept his application by giving some restriction. Numericalratingsystem by hunter-rogers gave us one of solutions to this problem. We can keep impartiality by using more restrictive decision, in order that we demand additional payment to the impairment applicant according to his mortality. We call this system as substandard life insurance. In this system we need detail information about impairments of applicants in order to decide the condition of substandard risks. Therefore, medical examiners are required to have high diagnostic technique.