• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2013

보험회계는 보험정보의 이용자가 사정을 잘 알고서 판단이나 의사결정을 할 수 있도록 경제적 정보를 식별하고 측정하여 전달하는 과정이다. 한국에서는 2011년부터 보험계약의 회계에 관해서는 한국채택 국제회계기준서를 적용함에 따라 공정가치 회계가 보험회사의 재무제표라는 수단을 통하여 보험산업에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되었다. 본 연구는 과거 보험회계기준과 현행 한국채택국제회계기준을 적용한 상장회사의 재무제표를 비교하여 한국채택 국제회계기준에 따른 재무제표의 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 대출채권, 보험계약채무, 자산총액, 부채총액, 자본총액 등 5개 항목에 대해 상장회사 12 보험회사를 표본으로 전환일 기준으로 대응표본검정을 분석한 결과 대출채권을 제외한 나머지 4개 항목의 차이가 통계적으로 유의함을 확인하였다. 이는 전환일을 기준으로 책임준비금(보험계약채무), 자산, 부채 및 자본이 금융소비자에게 대응 차이가 커서 정보이용에 유의할 필요가 있다는 것을 암시해 준다. 본 연구는 표본이 12개이고, 공시된 자료에만 의존한 한계점이 있어 일반화하기에는 다소 무리가 있다. 하지만 본 연구는 보험회계의 국제화에 대한 연구에 기초자료를 제공하고, 실무에서 재무제표 작성과 이용에 많은 도움을 줄 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.483-493
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• 2006

본 연구는 보험감독규정과 보험회계준칙의 분리계정(구분계리 포함) 관련 규정을 개선하기 위한 대안을 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 구분계리, 포괄적으로는 분리계정은 회계의 투명성을 증가시키고 보험회사의 주주와 보험계약자 사이의 이익 배분의 공정성을 높이는데 기여할 수 있다. 구분계리의 유용성을 높이기 위해서는 국제회계기준의 변화된 내용, 보험상품별 성과 구분, 보험상품별 경제적 실질이 반영될 수 있어야 한다. 분리계정이 성공적으로 정착된다면 보험계약자에 대한 공정한 이익배분 뿐만 아니라 생명보험회사 상장시의 보험계약자 이익 보호와 관련된 논쟁의 해결에도 기여할 것이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2021

This paper examines the readiness of Jordanian insurance companies to apply the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 17), and the challenges of its application. The study developed a questionnaire based on prior related studies, and in the light of IFRS 17, the study used different statistical methods and techniques such as means, standard deviation, and t-test to achieve its goals. The results indicate that Jordanian insurance companies are not ready to apply IFRS 17, for several reasons. Most importantly, insurance companies have a low level of ability to define the scope of IFRS 17, study the impact of IFRS 17 application to financial reports, and develop new internal monitoring methods to apply IFRS 17. As for the challenges for applying IFRS 17, the biggest is the data challenge, followed by the challenges of first-time implementation, systems, and results and presentation. Finally, this paper advocates that it has become important for Jordanian insurance companies and supervisory bodies to enhance their readiness to apply IFRS 17 within a scheduled time framework and by taking several preparatory steps: performing simulations consisting of procedures to deal with IFRS 17 requirements and the impact on financial reports, and helping human resources with familiarization and application of IFRS 17.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.688-697
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• 2014

우리나라 장기요양기관은 노인복지법 적용 기관과 미적용 기관이 혼재되어 사회복지법인재무회계규칙이나 장기요양보험법의 지침을 따르고 있다. 그러나 시설정보시스템의 이용이 불가능한 경우도 있고 자료 제출의 강제적 의무도 없어 장기요양기관의 재무상태와 경영실태와 관련된 신뢰성있는 회계정보는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현재 회계 관련 규정의 문제점과 개선방향을 알아보고 회계기준 정립을 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 장기요양기관의 실태를 반영하여 단기적으로는 복식부기기준의 회계기준과 단식부기 기준의 두 가지 회계기준이 필요할 뿐 만 아니라 적정한 재무보고를 위해 회계원칙에 부합하는 세 가지의 이익처분항목을 도입하였다. 마지막으로 충당부채 계정의 도입과 국고보조금, 감가상각비 등에 대한 회계 기준을 도입하였다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.416-424
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost of dental implant by top-down method and, on that basis, to provide salient information for the suitable standard of dental insurance fee. A survey data and accounting documents from 36 samples of dental clinics secured with the organisation authority are used and analysed for extracting the representative sample of dental clinic. A researcher visited the dental clinics in person and conducted additional interviews in the omitted case of accounting documents. A dental implant cost by top-down method was estimated to 1,430,000 won. Labor cost accounted for 43% of the total cost structure, ranking it 1st and, management cost, material cost and interest cost on investment cost in order are investigated. Labor cost counts of the total cost that shows the similar aspect to the existing result. Cost in cost accounting of medical care would be used for the judge that cost pursed value for dental service, not price or fee.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.35-69
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• 1995

The managerial environment of hospitals in Korea characterized by low levels of medical insurance fees is worsening by increasing government regulations as to the utilization of medical services, rising costs of labor, material, and medical equipments, growing patient expectations concerning the quality of services, and escalating competitions among large hospitals in the market. Hospitals should seek for their survival strategies in this harsh environment and they should have information about costs of their products in doing so. However, it has not been available due to the complexity of the production process of hospital services. The objectives of this study were to develop a service-based cost accounting model and to apply the developed model to a study hospital to obtain cost information of hospital services. A model commonly used for the job-order product cost accounting in the manufacturing industry was modified for the use in hospitals in Korea. Actual costs, instead of standard costs, incurred to produce a unit of services during a given period of time were estimated in the model. Data required to implement the model included financial information, statistics for the allocation of supportive cost center costs to final cost centers, statistics for the allocation of final cost center costs to services, and the volume of each services charged to patients during a study period. The model was executed using data of a university teaching hospital located in Seoul for the fiscal year 1992. Data for financial information, allocation statistics fo supportive service costs, and the volume of services, most of them in electronic form, were available to the study. Data for allocation statistics of final cost center costs were collected in the study. There were 15 types of evaluation and management service, 2, 923 types of technical service, and 2, 608 types of drug and material service charged to patients in the study hospital during the fiscal year 1992. Labor costs of each of seven types of pesonnel, material costs of 611 types of drugs and materials, and depreciation costs of 212 types of medical equipments, miscellaneous costs, and indirect costs incurred in producing a unit of each services were estimated. Medical insurance fees for basic services such as evaluation and management of inpatients and outpatients, injection, and filling prescriptions, and for operating procedures were found to be set lower than costs. Infrequent services which use expensive medical equipments showed negative revenuse as well. On the other hand, fees for services not covered by the insurance such as CT, MRI and Sonogram, and for laboratory tests were higher than costs. This study has a significance in making it possible for a hospital to obtain cost information for all types of services which produced income based on all types of expenses incurred during a given period of time. This information can assist the management of a hospital in finding an effective cost reduction strategy, an efficient service-mix strategy under a given fee structure, and an optimum strategy for within-hospital resource allocations.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.129-155
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• 2000

This empirical study, activity-based costing, a newly introduced approach that has proved to be an improvement over the conventional costing system in product or service costing, is applied at department of clinical pathology in K university hospital. The study subjects were 233 test procedures done in clinical laboratory of K university hospital. Activity analysis was done by interview, questionnaires, and time study, and the amount of resources consumed by each activity and their costs are then traced and applied to the laboratory tests. The main purpose of this study were to compare the test costs of activity-bases costing with those of conventional costing, and test fees of medical insurance, and to provide accurate cost informations for the decision makers of hospital. The major findings of this study were as belows. 1. The cost drivers for application of activity-based costing at clinical laboratory were cases of sample collection, case of specimen, cases of test, and volume-related allocation bases such as direct labor hours and total revenue of each test. 2. The profits of each clinical laboratory fields analyzed by conventional costing were different from the profits analyzed by activity-based costing, especially in the field of Urinalysis(approximately over estimated 750%). 3. The standard full costs by conventional costing were quite different from the costs computed by using activity-based costing, and the difference is most significant with the tests of long labor time. 4. From the comparison between costs computed by using activity-based costing and medical insurance fees, some test fees were significantly lower than the costs, especially in the non-automated fields. As described in this study, activity-based costing provides more accurate cost information than does conventional costing system. The former approach is especially important in the health care industry including hospitals in which planning and controlling the costs services provided are the key to maintaining a healthy financial status for the organization. Despite the contribution of activity-based costing the economic as well as technical feasibilities of implementing such a cost accounting system in an organization must be evaluated. In the development of activity-based costing systems, an activity analysis has to be conducted to identify activities that consume resources. This involves a detailed study of the organization's logistics and accounting information systems, and it is an expensive project in itself. Besides, it can be quite difficult and time consuming to identify and trace resource consumption to a specific activity. Thus the activity-based costing system should be implemented only when the decrease in cost of error far exceeds the increase in cost of measurement. By combining activity-based costing with standard costing, health care administrators can better plan and control the costs of health services provided while ensuring that the organization's bottom line is healthy.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.37-69
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• 2001

A new cost management system, called Activity Based Costing (ABC) system, has arisen to solve the limitation of a Traditional Cost Accounting (TCA) system until last two decades and ABC has been applied by many companies. TCA systems have limitation in tracing cost because they arbitrarily allocate overhead cost to the cost objects without standard for direct cost distribution. ABC is an accounting system that assigns costs to products or services based on the resources they consume. The costs of all activities are traced to the products for which they are performed. Therefore ABC is a cost management system that provides a matrix to accurately quantify consumed resources triggered by activities and activities triggered by products and services. There is little implementation of ABC in the health services field, one of service industries, due to complicated and many activities, and volatile cost object. However, the necessity for applying reasonable cost accounting system is largely issuing as strategy responding hostile environment, and financial pressure, and it is imperative to implement the Activity Based Costing (ABC) system. Therefore, this study presents the framework to develop ABC system for total health service organizations. Cost objects in this study base on medical service activities per health insurance claim from one general hospital located in Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Medical service activities include all health insurance claims in the hospital. The purpose of the study is presenting useful tools and basic frame to develop Activity Based Costing system for health service organizations which want to use ABC system. The steps to develop ABC system for health service organizations are following: 1. Identifying of activity centers; 2. Definition of cost objects and activity by activity center; 3. Analysis of activity and tracing activity contribution; 4. Allocation of direct cost for specific activity; 5. Allocation of indirect cost for specific activity; 6. Allocation of depreciation for facilities, applicants, and consumption goods; 7. Allocation of administration cost; 8. Allocation of cost among activity centers; and 9. Tracing cost of cost objects by activity center. This study identified necessary information from existing reports which hospitals generally made by each step, and defined outcome which had to be produced in each step using this information. The steps of this study had limitation to apply all different size hospitals because the steps were structured ABC system by one hospital, however, this study used similar basic framework and methods with general cases. When a health service organization want to apply Activity Based Costing (ABC) system on all activities of it in future days, this study is very useful to design system structure in the health service organization.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

태안반도 원유 유출사고, 구미 불산누출사고 등 2000년 전후로 하여 환경관련 사건과 사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 이러한 환경오염사고를 계기로 선제적 대응 방안이 필요하다는 사회적 공감대가 형성되어 2014년 환경오염피해 배상책임 및 구제에 관한 법률이 제정되고, 2016년 1월부터 시행되고 있다. 이에 따라 도입된 환경책임보험제도는 국내 보험산업계에서 환경위험을 관리하는 새로운 보험모델의 표준화 정립을 통해 관리될 필요가 있다. 지금까지 보험산업에서 표준화에 대한 노력은 다양한 위험 유형의 보장성 보험모델들의 출현에 따라 진행되어 왔다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 지식 기반 서비스 중의 하나인 보험 영역에서 기업에 의해 발생 가능한 대기, 수질, 화학, 폐기물, 해양, 토양 등의 환경오염 발생에 대해 6가지 보장 매체에 관한 검증 자료를 의미적 상호운용이 가능한 온톨로지를 통해 표현하였으며, 사업장의 인허가를 토대로 보험 가입 매체 간의 관계를 추론하여 보험모델을 설계하고 제시하였다. 각 사업장 담당자에 의한 물질량 정산 과정과 검증자를 통한 정산결과의 편차를 줄이기 위해, 추상적인 개념을 흐름도로 객관화, 구체화 하였으며, 해마다 많은 비용과 소모되는 자원을 줄이기 위해 온톨로지 기반의 의사결정지원 시스템의 향후 구축 방안을 제시하고 일부 구현 하였다. 이를 통해 물질량 검증 기준을 표준화함으로써 오류를 최소화하고, 검증에 소요되는 시간과 자원을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 한국 소아청소년의 치과 치료 시 진정법 경향에 대해 알아보는 것이었다. 이를 위해 2002년부터 2015년까지 국민 건강 보험 공단의 표본 코호트 데이터 베이스를 이용하여 진정법 하 시행된 치과 치료에 대해 조사하였다. 진정법 하 치과 치료는 2002년에는 436건이었으나, 2015년에는 4002건으로 매년 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 3 - 5세 집단이 가장 큰 비중(54.2%)을 차지하였으며, 최근에는 6 - 8세 집단이 증가하였다. 아산화질소-산소 흡입 진정이 가장 많이 사용되고 있고, 2002년에는 45.9%를 차지하였으나, 2015년에는 89.5%로 증가하였다. 진정 약물을 혼합 사용하는 경우, 아산화질소-산소 흡입 진정, 클로랄 하이드레이트, 하이드록시진 조합이 가장 많았고, 2002년에는 5.7%를 차지하였으나, 2015년에는 2.9%로 감소하였다. 이를 토대로 진정법 하 치과 치료는 부작용을 줄이기 위해 안전한 방향으로 변화하는 추세를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다.