• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.153-158
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• 2021

The objective of this research was to examine how cultural values expressed in the contents of government and public institutions advertising, based on individualism-collectivism. This study investigated the extent to which government and public institutions print advertisements in Korea and U.S. Study 1 examined the extent to which government and public institutions print advertisements in Korea and U.S. use its intrinsic cultural values. Study 2 carried out experiment to study cultural differences in relative reaction of collectivistic and individualistic government and public institutions print advertising appeals in two countries. Findings of this study showed that cultural background plays role in the usage of government and public institutions print advertising messages and persuasive communication processes. Global marketers and advertisers realize the significance of the cultural similarities and differences that occur in diverse cultures.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2019

Purpose: To discuss the records and legal standards of emergency medical technician training institutions in Korea and abroad, to identify the problems, and to provide the basic resources for improving the EMT-basic training institutions. Methods: We received advice through an advisory meeting of experts (professors of department of emergency medical technicians) and interested parties (Korean Association of Emergency Medical Technicians, officials of emergency medical technician training institutions) and referred to various reports published by governments, official institutions, and other trustworthy organizations. Also, we communicated with the related experts abroad (3 countries) on the phone or by email for surveys. Results: Compared to the abroad, it is necessary to categorize the standards and procedures of designating the emergency medical technician training institutions in Korea and improve the management of training institutions to train competent emergency medical technicians. Conclusion: It is necessary to designate and manage continuously the emergency medical technician-basic training programs for the systematic primary healthcare service.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.147-158
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted as a direct investigation of the data in the dispatch logbooks and status of patient transportation provided by private emergency transport companies in Busan. Methods: This study was conducted using SPSS 23.0 version for a total of 1,000 processed records of private emergency ambulance services in Busan from September 23, 2017 to November 5, 2019. Results: First, 100% of the emergency patient transfers by private emergency ambulances were carried out between medical institutions; 76.4% of all transfer patients had emergency conditions, and 86.0% had serious diseases. Second, 59.3% of the emergency patients were located at distances less than 10 km and 43.2%, at more than 10 km from the medical institutions. Third, 63.5% of the passengers were accompanied by first-class emergency rescuers according to the severity of the condition. Fourth, 92.7% of the reasons for the selection of medical institutions were transferred to places where professional care was available, accounting for most of the reasons for the selection. Finally, the medical institutions were selected according to the severity of the patient's condition; 76.5% patients were transported to institutions with a large number of doctors, and 42.9% of those were transported to specialized care institutions. Conclusion: This study collected data from 1,000 dispatch records of private emergency transport companies in Busan; these records reflect the government's policies to improve the emergency patient transfer system. The current status of emergency patient transfer offered by private transport companies was analyzed. All of the emergency patient transfers were carried out between medical institutions, and 76% of the transferred patients had emergency conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.21-37
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• 2023

The history compilation of public institutions is a type of record compilation that can be very useful record content for users. The study aims to develop a model for the history compilation of public institutions that can be flexibly applied to the task while providing practical guidance for the actual work of institutional history compilation. To achieve this goal, literature reviews, task analyses, questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, and expert evaluations were conducted. Based on these results, the 5 processes were organized into 20 work areas and 45 detailed work elements, which were divided into 31 essential tasks and 14 optional tasks to design the final version of an institutional history compilation model for public institutions. The model of this study can be used in public institutions to carry out tasks regarding history compilation and can also be used to establish schedules and plans by identifying overall tasks to be performed in the preparation stage for history compilation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.565-572
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• 2023

This study was conducted to analyze the status radiological imaging examinations assessment in Korea medical institutions conducted in the public sector and suggest a direction for improvement. Among the assessment of medical institutions, the main assessment related to radiographic imaging examinations are the certification evaluation of medical institutions and the adequacy assessment of radiographic imaging examinations. The certification evaluation of medical institutions evaluates the image inspection operation process, provision of accurate results, and compliance with safety management procedures. In the assessment of adequacy of radiographic imaging examinations, structural indicators related to manpower and equipment, patient evaluation implementation rate, and exposure reduction programs were included. However, for safer and higher-quality radiological imaging examinations, it is necessary to increase the participation rate of medical institutions in certification evaluations. In addition, it is necessary to improve the manpower indicator, and incentive payments can be considered to induce quality improvement of medical institutions in the future. Integrated management of radiation exposure at the national level should also be carried out simultaneously.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

Purpose - This study aims to analyze the influence of South Korea's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) under the effect of both multinational enterprises' (MNEs) investment motivation and host country institutions. Some suggestions are put forward with regard to South Korean MNEs participating in and integrating into the fierce and changeable world of international market competition. Design/methodology - The basic hypotheses are that MNEs' investment motivations and the host country's superior institutions both boost South Korea's OFDI in those host countries. South Korea's OFDI is divided into investment choice stage and investment scale stage. A Heckman two-stage selection model is established for empirical analysis, using the panel data of South Korea's OFDI and related variables, from 2002 to 2019. Findings - (1) The influence on the investment scale of South Korea's OFDI is more regular and noteworthy than the influence on investment choice. (2) In the investment scale stage, there are obvious motivations to seek markets, labor force and superior technology, but not natural resources. (3) In the investment scale stage, the South Korea's OFDI is more obviously attracted by the host country's superior political institutions, economic institutions and legal institutions, but not cultural institutions. Originality/value - The choices of variables and uses of model expand the theoretical basis and empirical method of OFDI research. The results of the empirical study also provide some reference for the transnational investment of South Korean MNEs and the investment policy formulation of the South Korean government.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.21-51
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• 2024

Since the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009, the importance of nonbank financial institutions in macroprudential management has increased significantly. Consequently, major countries and international financial institutions have been actively discussing and implementing macroprudential supervision and regulation for non-bank financial institutions (NBFI). In this context, this paper analyzes the systemic risk of both banks and non-bank sectors (securities firms and insurance companies) in South Korea over different time periods. Using the widely recognized ΔCoVaR methodology for measuring systemic risk, the analysis reveals that systemic risk increased substantially across all three sectors (banks, securities firms, and insurance companies) during the Global Financial Crisis, the European Sovereign Debt Crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the banking sector exhibited relatively high systemic risk compared to the securities and insurance sectors, the relative differences in systemic risk varied across the different crisis periods. Notably, during the margin call crisis in March of 2020, the gap in systemic risk between the banking and securities sectors decreased significantly compared to that during both the Global Financial Crisis and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis, indicating that securities firms had a more substantial impact on risk in the overall financial system during this period. Furthermore, I analyze the impact of the issuance of equity-linked securities (ELS) by financial institutions on systemic risk, as measured by ΔCoVaR, finding that an increase in the outstanding balance of ELS issuance by financial institutions had an impact on increasing ΔCoVaR during the three crisis periods. These findings underscore the growing importance of non-bank financial institutions in relation to South Korea's macroprudential management and supervision. To address this evolving landscape, enhanced monitoring and regulatory measures focusing on non-bank systemic risk are essential components of maintaining financial stability in the country.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.181-201
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• 2004

It has been said that there were many problems in a social welfare institution. Community welfare in Japan is being presented as an alternative solving these problems and underlying theories are deinstitutionalization, normalization, and community care. Recently, in Korea, these alternatives are connected with the logic that social welfare institutions are useless. But if we think the inborn duty of the social welfare institution, we can know the logic problem of these theories. Also, 'the socialization theory of social welfare institutions' has been presented as a solving method. But studies in Korea are having a partiality only to opening to community and are researched separately from community welfare. Under these problem perceptions, this study examined the construction contents of the community welfare in Japan, the relation of community welfare and social welfare institutions, the relation of the community welfare and the socialization theory of social welfare institutions, and the concept and content of the socialization theory of social welfare institutions. This study investigated the discussions in Japan, for studies in Korea are generally based on those of Japan and the domestic community welfare policy has been influenced immensely by Japan. The result of this study is as follows. Firstly, not the social welfare institution in a category of community welfare is excluded, but is prescribed as an essential post, a premise condition, and a composition post of the community welfare. Secondly, the socialization theory of social welfare institutions is also discussed in a category of the community welfare and in the side of community welfare development. Thirdly, the socialization theory of social welfare institutions is presented in the side of not only opening to community, but also a basic practice theory of the social welfare institution reformation including that.

• The Journal of KAIRB
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2023

Purspose: The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning and definition of vulnerable subjects in clinical trials in light of domestic and international regulations and guidelines, to analyze the contents of standard operation procedures (SOPs) among advanced general hospitals in Korea that conduct clinical trials, and to examine deliberation procedures for operation plans. Methods: The study examined how vulnerable research subjects were defined and described in related regulations and the classification of vulnerable research subjects presented in the IRB/HRPP SOPs of 18 clinical trial institutions, including 11 AAHRPP-accreditated general hospitals in Korea, as well as the operation of the IRB deliberation. Results: Among all domestic and international regulations and guidelines, only the The Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) guidelines explain why vulnerability is related to judgments on the severity of physical, psychological, and social harm, why individuals are vulnerable, and for what reasons. However, the classification of vulnerable subjects by institutions differed from the classification by the International Conference on Harmonization-Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP). A total of the 16 institutions classified children and minors as vulnerable research subjects. 14 institutions classified subjects who cannot consent freely were classified as vulnerable subjects. 15 institutions classified sujects who can be affected by the organizational hierarchy were classified as vulnerable subjects. Subjects in emergency situations were regarded as vulnerable research subjects in 8 of institutions, while people in wards, patients with incurable diseases, and the economically poor including the unemployed were categorized as vulnerable research subjects in 7, 4, and 4 of institutions, respectively. Additionally, some research subjects were not classified as vulnerable by ICH-GCP but were classified as vulnerable by domestic institutions 15 of the institutions classified pregnant women and fetuses as vulnerable, 11 classified the elderly as vulnerable, and 6 classified foreigners as vulnerable. Conclution: The regulations and institutional SOPs classify subjects differently, which may affect subject protection. There is a need to improve IRBs' classifications of vulnerable research subjects. It is also necessary to establish the standards according to the differences in deliberation processes. Further, it is recommended to maintain a consistent review of validity, assessment of risk/benefit, and a review using checklists and spokeperson. The review of IRB is to be carried out in a manner that respects human dignity by taking into account the physical, psychological, and social conditions of the subjects.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

Delivery of microfinance services to operators of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is increasingly being viewed as a strategic means of assisting growth and development. The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of microfinance to entrepreneurship development in Mogadishu. Survey research design was adopted and Primary data was collected by using questionnaires. This research study used purposive sampling method to select 120 respondents; but 108 were found usable and analyzed. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. This study found the access of microfinance services to the SMEs is poor. This study also found due to the collateral, short term repayment challenges, small and medium businesses are difficult to access loan from microfinance institutions which hinder their entrepreneurship development. In addition to these, this study found that the Microfinance institutions play significance role to the growth and sustainable development of SMEs and also increases the productivity and profitability of small and medium enterprises. This study recommends the guidelines of microfinance institutions to finance SMEs needs to be flexible and microfinance institutions should give technical assistant to the SME to ensure success in the SME sector. The study also suggests access of microfinance services to the SMEs should be facilitated and awareness to microfinance purposes and activities should be created.