• 제목/요약/키워드: institute evaluation

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Neurotoxicity of Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-081 and JWH-210

  • Cha, Hye Jin;Seong, Yeon-Hee;Song, Min-Ji;Jeong, Ho-Sang;Shin, Jisoon;Yun, Jaesuk;Han, Kyoungmoon;Kim, Young-Hoon;Kang, Hoil;Kim, Hyoung Soo
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.597-603
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    • 2015
  • Synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-250 in 'herbal incense' also called 'spice' were first introduced in many countries. Numerous synthetic cannabinoids with similar chemical structures emerged simultaneously and suddenly. Currently there are not sufficient data on their adverse effects including neurotoxicity. There are only anecdotal reports that suggest their toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated the neurotoxicity of two synthetic cannabinoids (JWH-081 and JWH-210) through observation of various behavioral changes and analysis of histopathological changes using experimental mice with various doses (0.1, 1, 5 mg/kg). In functional observation battery (FOB) test, animals treated with 5 mg/kg of JWH-081 or JWH-210 showed traction and tremor. Their locomotor activities and rotarod retention time were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. However, no significant change was observed in learning or memory function. In histopathological analysis, neural cells of the animals treated with the high dose (5 mg/kg) of JWH-081 or JWH-210 showed distorted nuclei and nucleus membranes in the core shell of nucleus accumbens, suggesting neurotoxicity. Our results suggest that JWH-081 and JWH-210 may be neurotoxic substances through changing neuronal cell damages, especially in the core shell part of nucleus accumbens. To confirm our findings, further studies are needed in the future.

GC-ECD를 이용한 flutianil 잔류량 분석법 개발 및 확인 (Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Flutianil Residue Identification Using Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detection)

  • 권지은;도정아;박혜진;이지영;조윤제;오재호;이규식;이상재;장문익
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 2014
  • Flutianil은 흰가루병에 높은 방제효과를 가지는 thiazolidine계 살균제로서 고추, 피망, 오이, 참외에 대해 flutianil의 사용등록이 신청됨에 따라 농산물 중 flutianil 잔류량을 측정하기 위한 검사법을 개발하였다. Flutianil 잔류물은 acetonitrile로 추출하여 포화식염수와 dichloromethane을 이용한 액-액분배과정을 수행하였고, silica 카트리지를 이용하여 clean-up을 실시한 후 GC-ECD를 통해 기기분석을 수행하였으며, GC-MS로 재확인하였다. flutianil 표준품의 직선성은 상관계수($R^2$)가 0.999이상으로 우수하였고 고추, 피망, 감귤, 감자, 현미, 대두에 대한 flutianil의 회수율을 측정한 결과, 76.5-108.0%의 범위로 10% 미만의 표준오차를 나타내었으며, 분석법의 검출한계는 0.004 mg/kg, 정량한계 0.02 mg/kg이었다. 이는 코덱스 가이드라인(CAC/GL 40)인 회수율 70-120%, 분석오차 10 미만에 적합함을 보여주어 분석법의 정확성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 시험법은 flutianil 분석을 위한 신속, 정확한 시험법으로, 국내에서 유통되는 농산물 중 flutianil 잔류물의 안전관리를 위한 공정시험법으로 활용될 예정이다.

전분의 주원료 판별을 위한 유전자 분석법 개발 및 적용 (Development and Application of DNA Analysis Method for Identificaion of Main Ingredients in Starch)

  • 박용춘;김미라;김용상;이호연;김규헌;이재황;김재이;이상재;이화정
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.181-187
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    • 2013
  • 전분의 사용원료를 확인하는 방법은 전분입자의 크기 또는 형태 등으로 분류하는 이화학적인 방법이 연구되었으나 원료별 또는 동일한 원료라도 품종에 따른 차이점으로 인하여 명확하게 확인하기 어려운 단점이 있어 유전자분석법을 시도하였다. 시료는 고구마 전분, 감자 전분, 옥수수 전분 및 타피오카 전분 등 총 11종을 사용하였으며, 유전자추출은 DNeasy plant mini 키트, magnetic DNA purification system 및 CTAB 방법으로 하였으며 추출유전자의 증폭을 위하여 WGA 키트로 처리하였다. 그리고 고구마, 감자, 옥수수 및 타피오카 검출을 위한 유전자 부위는 SSR (simple sequence repeat, ib-286-F/ib-286-R), 자당합성효소(potato sucrose synthase, Pss 01n-5'/Pss 01n-3'), 전분합성효소(starch synthase, SSllb 3-5'/SSllb 3-3') 및 SSR (SSRY26-F/SSRY26-R)를 각각 사용하였다. 그 결과 대부분의 경우 WGA를 처리한 경우에는 사용원료의 확인이 가능하였다.

Synthetic Cannabinoid-Induced Immunosuppression Augments Cerebellar Dysfunction in Tetanus-Toxin Treated Mice

  • Yun, Jaesuk;Gu, Sun Mi;Lee, Tac-hyung;Song, Yun Jeong;Seong, Seonhwa;Kim, Young-Hoon;Cha, Hye Jin;Han, Kyoung Moon;Shin, Jisoon;Oh, Hokyung;Jung, Kikyung;Ahn, Chiyoung;Park, Hye-Kyung;Kim, Hyung Soo
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.266-271
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    • 2017
  • Synthetic cannabinoids are one of most abused new psychoactive substances. The recreational use of abused drug has aroused serious concerns about the consequences of these drugs on infection. However, the effects of synthetic cannabinoid on resistance to tetanus toxin are not fully understood yet. In the present study, we aimed to determine if the administration of synthetic cannabinoids increase the susceptibility to tetanus toxin-induced motor behavioral deficit and functional changes in cerebellar neurons in mice. Furthermore, we measured T lymphocytes marker levels, such as CD8 and CD4 which against tetanus toxin. JWH-210 administration decreased expression levels of T cell activators including cluster of differentiation (CD) $3{\varepsilon}$, $CD3{\gamma}$, CD74p31, and CD74p41. In addition, we demonstrated that JWH-210 induced motor impairment and decrement of vesicle-associated membrane proteins 2 levels in the cerebellum of mice treated with tetanus toxin. Furthermore, cerebellar glutamatergic neuronal homeostasis was hampered by JWH-210 administration, as evidenced by increased glutamate concentration levels in the cerebellum. These results suggest that JWH-210 may increase the vulnerability to tetanus toxin via the regulation of immune function.

정지궤도위성용 한국형 우주발사체를 위한 고성능 상단 엔진 개발 현황 및 계획 (Development Status and Plan of the High Performance Upper Stage Engine for a GEO KSLV)

  • 유병일;이광진;우성필;임지혁;소윤석;전준수;이정호;서대반;한영민;김진한
    • 한국추진공학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2018
  • 항공우주연구원에서는 정지궤도용 우주발사체에 적용 가능한 고성능 상단 엔진에 대한 선행기술 개발이 진행 중에 있다. 한국형발사체(KSLV)는 gas generator를 이용한 개방형 사이클 엔진이며, 저궤도 위성 발사를 위한 발사체로 향후 정지궤도위성 발사체를 위해서는 이보다 높은 비추력을 가진 고효율의 상단엔진이 필요하게 된다. 이러한 요구조건을 충족시키기 위해 다단 연소방식의 엔진이 필요하며, 본 논문에서는 당 연구원이 진행 중인 다단 연소 사이클 엔진 개발 진행 현황과 향후 계획을 기술하였다.

LC/TOFMS를 이용한 생체시료의 내인성 대사체 분석법 개발 (Method Development for the Profiling Analysis of Endogenous Metabolites by Accurate-Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight(Q-TOF) LC/MS)

  • 이인선;김진호;조수열;심선보;박혜진;이진희;이지현;황인선;김성일;이정희;조수연;최돈웅;조양하
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.388-394
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    • 2010
  • Metabolomics aims at the comprehensive, qualitative and quantitative analysis of wide arrays of endogenous metabolites in biological samples. It has shown particular promise in the area of toxicology and drug development, functional genomics, system biology and clinical diagnosis. In this study, analytical technique of MS instrument with high resolution mass measurement, such as time-of-flight (TOF) was validated for the purpose of investigation of amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Rat urine and serum samples were extracted by selected each solvent (50% acetonitrile, 100% acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, water, ether) extraction method. We determined the optimized liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOFMS) system and selected appropriated columns, mobile phases, fragment energy and collision energy, which could search 17 metabolites. The spectral data collected from LC/TOFMS were tested by ANOVA. Obtained with the use of LC/TOFMS technique, our results indicated that (1) MS and MS/MS parameters were optimized and most abundant product ion of each metabolite were selected to be monitorized; (2) with design of experiment analysis, methanol yielded the optimal extraction efficiency. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to be useful in the endogenous metabolite fields according to validated SOP for endogenous amino acids, sugars and fatty acids.