• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2022

High temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets for large-capacity energy storage system need to be composed of toroid magnets with high energy density, low leakage magnetic fields, and easy installation. To realize such a large capacity of a toroid HTS magnet, an HTS cable with large current capacity would be preferred because of the limited DC link voltage and instantaneous high power required for compensation of the disturbance in the power grid. In this paper, the optimal operating strategies of the SMES for peak load reduction of the microgrid system were calculated according to the load variation characteristics, and the effect of compensation of the frequency change in microgrid with a SMES were also simulated. Based on the result of the simulation, key design parameters of SMES coil were presented for two cases to define the specification of the HTS cable with large current capacities for winding of HTS toroid coils, which will be need for development of the HTS cable as a future work.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.299-323
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• 2016

Cylindrical parabolic solar concentrators of small concentration ratio are attractive options for working temperatures around $120^{\circ}C$. The heat gained can be utilized in many applications such as air conditioning, space heating, heating water and many others. These collectors can be easily manufactured and do not need to track the sun continuously. Using a heat pipe as a solar absorber makes the system more compact and easy to install. This study is devoted to modeling a system of cylindrical parabolic solar concentrators of small concentration ratio (around 5) fitted with a heat pipe absorber with a porous wick. The heat pipe is surrounded by evacuated glass tube to reduce thermal losses from the heat pipe. The liquid and vapor flow equations, energy equation, the internal and external boundary conditions were taken into consideration. The system of equations was solved and the numerical results were validated against available experimental and numerical results. The validated heat pipe model was inserted in an evacuated transparent glass tube as the absorber of the cylindrical parabolic collector. A calculation procedure was developed for the system, a computer program was developed and tested and numerical simulations were realized for the whole system. An experimental solar collector of small concentration, fitted with evacuated tube heat pipe absorber was constructed and instrumented. Experiments were realized with the concentrator axis along the E-W direction. Results of the instantaneous efficiency and heat gain were compared with numerical simulations realized under the same conditions and reasonably good agreement was found.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.722-728
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• 2015

2013년 1월 1일 이후 발효된 선박 에너지효율관리계획(SEEMP) 규정에 따라 선박에서는 점차 에너지관리에 대한 요구가 증가되고 있다. 이에 따라, 선박의 에너지 사용에 가장 많은 부분을 차지하는 주기관의 연료 사용량 및 출력과 관련된 요소들이 엄격하게 모니터링 되어 질 필요가 있다. 현재 주기관 출력을 모니터링 및 확인하기 위한 많은 장치들이 개발되어 적용되고 있으나 본 연구에서는 저렴하고 장치가 쉬운 각도센서인 엔코더(encoder)를 이용하여 주기관의 출력상태를 실시간으로 파악하기 위한 실험을 하였다. 실제 운항 중인 두 선박의 주기관에서 엔코더와 근접센서를 이용하여 한 사이클 동안의 각속도 변동을 계측하고 이 데이터 값을 토크 변동으로 계산하여 주기관의 토크변동 상태를 조사하였다. 또한, 실린더의 이상 연소 시 발생하는 각속도 변화를 측정하여 착화 실패에 따른 토크 변동을 조사하고 실험의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해 해상시운전 데이터와 비교하였다. 본 연구를 통해 저렴한 장치를 이용하여 실시간 출력상태를 파악할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

본 연구는 제주지역에서 온실 내 냉난방 및 $CO_2$ 공급 목적으로 지하공기를 이용하는 14개 농업 시설을 대상으로 약 3개월 동안 지하공기 이용 온실과 미이용 공간 내 라돈 농도 및 지하공기 이용 시설의 가동에 따른 지하공기 유입구 내 라돈 농도 분포를 조사하였다. 장기간 라돈 농도는 수동형 알파 입자비적 검출기(Raduet, Radosys Ltd., Hungary)로, 실시간 라돈 농도는 능동형 연속측정 검출기(RAD7, Durridge Co., USA)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 지하공기 이용 온실 내 라돈 농도는 지하공기 미이용 공간과 국내 가옥의 실내 평균값보다 높은 범위였으며, 대부분 농업 시설에서는 국제방사선 방호위원회에서 권고한 근무지에서의 참조준위 1,000 Bq/$m^3$ 보다 낮은 반면 한 개 지점에서는 높은 결과를 보였다. 장기간 및 실시간 지하공기 이용 시설의 가동에 따른 유입구의 라돈 농도 분포는 각각 1,228~5,259 및 3,322~17,900 Bq/$m^3$ 범위로 지역적인 차이를 보였다. 본 연구 결과, 지하공기 중 라돈 농도는 농업 시설이 위치한 지역의 지질 특성 및 시추공 깊이와 밀접한 관계가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.291-309
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• 2020

Chromium was electrodeposited from deep eutectic solvents-based Cr³⁺ electrolytes on HB-pencil graphite electrode. Factors influencing the electrochemical behavior and the processes of Cr nucleation and growth were explored using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques, respectively. Cr³⁺ reduction was found to occur through an irreversible diffusion-controlled step followed by another irreversible one of impure diffusional behaviour. The reduction behavior was found to be greatly affected by Cr³⁺ concentration, temperature, and type of hydrogen bond donor used in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) preparation. A more comprehensive model was suggested and successfully applied to extract a consistent data relevant to Cr nucleation kinetics from the experimental current density transients. The potential, the temperature, and the hydrogen bond donor type were estimated to be critical factors controlling Cr nucleation. The nucleation and growth processes of Cr from either choline chloride/ethylene glycol (EG-DES) or choline chloride/urea (U-DES) deep eutectic solvents were evaluated at 70℃ to be three-dimensional (3D) instantaneous and diffusion-controlled, respectively. However, the kinetics of Cr nucleation from EG-DES was found to be faster than that from U-DES. Cr nucleation was tending to be instantaneous at higher temperature, potential, and Cr³⁺ concentration. Cr nuclei electrodeposited from EG-DES were characterized at different conditions using scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images show that high number density of fine spherical nuclei of almost same sizes was nearly obtained at higher temperature and more negative potential. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirms that Cr deposits were obtained.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.413-426
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• 2024

This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of a simply supported viscoelastic plate made of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite under dynamic loading. Carbon nanotubes are distributed in 5 different shapes: U, V, A, O and X, depending on the shape they form through the thickness of the plate. The displacement fields are derived in the Laplace domain using a higher-order shear deformation theory. Equations of motion are obtained through the application of the energy method and Hamilton's principle. The resulting equations of motion are solved using Navier's method. Transforming the Laplace domain displacements into the time domain involves Durbin's modified inverse Laplace transform. To validate the accuracy of the developed algorithm, a free vibration analysis is conducted for simply supported plate made of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite and compared against existing literature. Subsequently, a parametric forced vibration analysis considers the influence of various parameters: volume fractions of carbon nanotubes, their distributions, and ratios of instantaneous value to retardation time in the relaxation function, using a linear standard viscoelastic model. In the forced vibration analysis, the dynamic distributed load applied to functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite viscoelastic plate is obtained in terms of double trigonometric series. The study culminates in an examination of maximum displacement, exploring the effects of different carbon nanotube distributions, volume fractions, and ratios of instantaneous value to retardation times in the relaxation function on the amplitudes of maximum displacements.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 2013

위 펄스형 방사선에 노출된 전자장비는 전자소자 내부에서 발생되는 전자-정공쌍(EHP)과 이들이 형성한 순간 광전류로 Upset, Latchup, Burn out 과 같은 다양한 피해를 입게 된다. 이와같은 손상은 군무기체계나 우주항공 장비의 경우 군전력 손실이나 장비의 기능정지로 나타나 국가적으로 큰 손실을 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 펄스형 감마방사선으로 부터 전자장비/소자를 보호하기 위한 방호기술개발의 일환으로 '방사선 감지 및 제어장치'를 구현하고 대표적으로 군장비에 사용되는 전자소자에 대한 기능검증을 시도하였다. 펄스 방사선에 Latchup 및 Burn out 손상특성을 나타내는 LM118 소자에 개발한 '방사선 감지 및 제어장치'를 적용하여 펄스방사선 조사시험을 수행한 결과 LM118이 안전하게 보호됨을 확인하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2016

Power interruption is a phenomenon that no voltage is displayed over a short time or long time. Most devices will not operate normally when the supply voltage is low or does not exist. However, the device can also be operated with a different power which is ensured by a separate power generation. Recently, power interruption has been reduced gradually by the improvement of electricity quality, its duration also has been very short. Induction motors are widely used for the pumping in the water and sewage facilities and power plant applications. The pump is used as a machine for moving the fluid in the high place from a low location. So pump equipment always have a potential energy. If a momentary interruption occurs, the potential energy of the pump is reversed as that of water turbine and motor is operated as generator. This study is an analysis for the voltage variation, current, torque and power flow by the generating operation of the induction motor before and after the change of momentary interruption.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2007

A variable-flow-rate balancing valve has been developed and optimized to apply to a distributor in a hot-water heating system. Fluid dynamic performance of the system was evaluated by comparing the results with the previous pressure difference control valve (PDCV) system. In view of the variations of pressure drop and flow rate according to the sequential closing of the control valves, the present system which is named "smart system distributor", is very stable without a certain flow rate concentration. The level of pressure drop variation is also low as compared with the previous system with a PDCV. In view of the occurrence of cavitation, the present system is quite superior to the previous system because the instantaneous pressures at all sections are much higher than the vapor pressure. On the other hand, the previous system has a possibility of cavitation when one or more control valves are closed.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2001

To clear the differences of heat transfer coefficient of in-cylinder gas with fuel properties, the transient heat transfer coefficient of hydrogen gas is investigated by using the hydrogen fueled engine. The measured results were also compared with those of gasoline engine and several empirical equations. Transient heat transfer coefficients were determined by measurements of unsteady heat flux and instantaneous wall temperature in the cylinder head. As the main results, it is shown that transient heat transfer coefficients have remarkable differences according to fuel properties, and it's value for hydrogen engine is twice higher than that of gasoline engine. It means that equation of heat transfer coefficient that the effect of fuel properties is considered sufficiently, is needed to analyze or simulate the gas engine performance.