• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2013

The food choices in childhood have high a probability of being carried through into their adulthood life, which then contributes to the risk of many non-communicable diseases. Therefore, there is a need to gather some information about children's views on foods which may influence their food choices for planning a related dietary intervention or programme. This paper aimed to explore the views of children on foods and the types of foods which are usually consumed by children under four food groups (snacks, fast foods, cereals and cereal products; and milk and dairy products) by using focus group discussions. A total of 33 school children aged 7-9 years old from Selangor and Kuala Lumpur participated in the focus groups. Focus groups were audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed according to the listed themes. The outcomes show that the children usually consumed snacks such as white bread with spread or as a sandwich, local cakes, fruits such as papaya, mango and watermelon, biscuits or cookies, tea, chocolate drink and instant noodles. Their choices of fast foods included pizza, burgers, French fries and fried chicken. For cereal products, they usually consumed rice, bread and ready-to-eat cereals. Finally, their choices of dairy products included milk, cheese and yogurt. The reasons for the food liking were taste, nutritional value and the characteristics of food. The outcome of this study may provide additional information on the food choices among Malaysian children, especially in urban areas with regard to the food groups which have shown to have a relationship with the risk of childhood obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1984

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the food preferences of college students of Korea. The survey was conducted on november, 1981 through the questionnaires. The subjects were 1184 male and 1241 female students of 9 universities. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) Preferences of staple foods : Cooked rice was preferred most by the subjects. Male liked rice more than female, whereas female liked bread and noodle more than male. Among the different kinds of rice, bread, and noodles, the following food items were favored by the subjects. (plain rice, red bean rice and soybean rice ; salad bread and vegetable bread ; Nangmyun and Bibim Kooksu). The foods not preferred were barley rice, instant noodle and soybean milk noodle. 2) Preference of side - dishes : Among the kinds of side - dishes by different preparation methods, stews were the most favored and the next favored were soups by the subiecls whereas female showed lower preference of soups than male subjects Most disliked kinds of side-dishes were changachi and moochim. For example, side-dishes which showed higher preference in each preparation method were stew (Kimchi stew and Soybean paste stew), soup (Beef soup and Seaweed soup), kimchi (Korean cabbage Kimchi), Bockeum (Sauted beef and Sauted Kimchil, cheon(Beef Cheon, fish Cheon), Kui(broiled saury and broiled yellow tail runner), Chorim(braised cuttle fish and braised fish cake), Namul(sliced radish, cucumber, and spinachi), and Changachi (dried radish). The side-dishes which showed lower preference were Alaskan pollack soup, soybean curd residue stew, cabbage Kimchi, liver Cheon, sauted liver, hairtail Chorim, radish rootNamul, and dried radish root Changachi. 3) Preferences of snacks. Fruits apple, peach, pear) were the most preferred snacks by the subjects. Male preferred ginsang tea whereas famale preferred coffee. Both bate and female subjects showed higher preference of milk and lower preference of sweets. 4) Preference of one-dish meals : No one dish meal were disliked by the subjects. Male liked Bockeum-Bab more than female, and female liked Mandukuk more than male subjects.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.175-191
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behavior and life habits of kindergarten children 5 to 7 years old in Chuncheon area. This study was conducted in December, 1996. Anthropometric indices(height, weight, skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference) were measured and body mass index(BMI), Rohrer index, arm fat area were calculated to estimate children’s body fatness. Also the eating behavior and life habits were determined tv using questionnaire method. The results were as follows: Body fat rate of the children was almost normal according to Rohrer index and BMI. There was significant difference in birth weight between male and female. The problems of the eating behavior were frequent skipping breakfast and eating-out. The rate of the children who took snacks 2 times a day was 46.9％. Most children tended to take sweet snacks such as ice-cream, chocolates, cookies, and they tended to prefer meats and fishes to vegetables. The rate of breast feeding was 28.3％ and the rate of weaning foods prepared at home was 61.1%. Many children preferred indoor activities such as watching TV, toy furniture play, building block to outdoor activities such as roller-skating, cycling, jogging in their spare time. The rate of the children who took exercise regularly was 15％. Children tended to eat kimbap, fried chicken, ramyeon more frequently in various instant foods. The intake rates of fruit juice and barly tea were relatively high and children's favorite fruits were watermelon and mandarin orange. From this results, skipping breakfast, frequent eating-out and the monotony of food preference appears to cause imbalance in nutrient intakes of the children and to have bad influence on children’s health. Accodgingiy, the comprehensive nutrition education and proper modification program should be needed for the children and their parents to correct the eating behavior and life habits. The reasonable exercise programs are needed to motivate outdoor activities of the children, and the importance of breast feeding and weaning foods should be emphasized to lactating women and pregnant women.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of Entrance Examinees' Eating Behavior on their health condition. The examinees for Chungbuk National university in 1992 were asked to fill out the questionnaire(The total number was 1054 ; 537 males, 517 females). The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, Crosstabs, Chi-square, t-test, one-way Anova, and Multiple Regression using SPSS/PC+ Program. The results are as follows. 1. Health condition due to an eating attitude: 1) As to health condition due to the food intake freguency, those who intaked fish or meat 3-5 days a week had the best heal th condition, but those who hardly intaked fish and meat or intaked them almost everyday had rather poor health condition. Those who intaked fried foods 1-2 days a week had the best health condition. The higher the freguency intaking such food or instant food was, the worse health condition was. 2) In view of health condition according to an eating attitude, it led to very good health condition to have breakfast & supper, to eat regularly, to select the nutritious foods, and to have a balanced diet. Overeating before sleeping and no meal or overeating before exam made their health very bad. Alcohol drinking & cigarrette smoking as favorite foods appeared significantly high in the boys. The more frequently they drinked alcohol and smoked cigarrette the worse their health condition was. Those who enjoyed milk, soya milk, and korean tea as favorite beverages had the better health condition than those who enjoyed coffee and soft drinks. 2. Influence of Eating Behavior on Health Condition. 1) The food intake freguency and the eating attitude influenced each other. The higher the score of food intake frequency was, the better the eating attitude appeared. 2) As a result of this study for eating behavior influencing on their health condition, the eating attitude influenced health condition, and the higher the eating attitude score was, the better heal th condition could be.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.305-320
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• 2021

Purpose: This study analyzed the dietary patterns of Central Asian immigrant workers (Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan) living in South Korea to determine the food acculturation and how their dietary practices have changed after immigration. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 186 Central Asian immigrant workers living in South Korea. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain information on the consumption frequency of 22 food items before and after their immigration to Korea. Results: Central Asians switched to Korean meat consumption patterns, which consume mainly pork, chicken, and beef, showing a decrease in the intake of beef and lamb and an increase in that of pork. Their consumption of Namul (cooked vegetable), Kimchi, rice, and marine products increased while that of potatoes decreased during acculturation to Korean food culture. Positive changes were observed in Mongolians' eating habits. Their meat-based diet turned into a healthy one in which nutritional balance was achieved by consuming the various food groups. Negative dietary changes were also observed; intake of instant foods and coffee increased while black and green tea consumption decreased. Intake of Namul (p < 0.01), Kimchi (p < 0.01), rice (p < 0.001), ramen (p < 0.001), pork, chicken (p < 0.01), fish (p < 0.01), seafood (p < 0.001), and coffee (p < 0.001) increased significantly in the group that responded and their health improved after moving to Korea. This result suggests that health improved among those who were well settled in Korea and ate the various food groups. Conclusion: These findings can help understand the acculturation process to Korean food culture and provide a basis for developing policies to help them adjust to Korean food culture.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.464-473
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze e-commerce food purchase behavior and the perceptions of adult women according to their household types. Methods: The e-commerce food purchases of 318 adult women were surveyed and analyzed according to their household types (one-person or couple household (OCH); a household with children (HC); a household with parents (HP)). Results: The total amount of food purchases over 6 months through e-commerce according to household types was in the descending order of OCH (60.3%), HC (57%), and HP (55.1%) thus showing a significant difference (P < 0.05) in behavior between household types. The reasons for purchasing food through e-commerce included: a lower price than offline (30.8%), convenient delivery and transportation (30.2%), and food diversity (21.1%). When purchasing food online, the most important factor was price and quality, followed by quick and accurate delivery for OCH, exact information given about the product for HC, and recommendation from other consumers for HP (P < 0.01). The main foods purchased through e-commerce were coffee, tea (42.1%), instant and frozen foods (39.9%), water, beverages, dairy products (37.7%), snacks, bread, rice cakes (31.5%), and functional foods (27.4%). The percentage of respondents who were very satisfied or satisfied with their e-commerce food purchases was HP (84.1%), OCH (69.9%), and HC (65.6%) in that order (P < 0.05), and 96.5% of all subjects stated that they would be willing to purchase food through e-commerce in the future. The advantages of purchasing food through e-commerce were seen to be the highest in order and payment convenience with 4.1 points out of 5, followed by low price (4.0), variety of products (3.9), and ease of food purchase (3.9). Among the disadvantages listed, concerns about product damage and deterioration during delivery and differences between the displayed product and the delivered product were the highest with 3.7 points. Conclusions: The characteristics and perceptions of female consumers according to household types are important factors in enhancing the reach of e-commerce, and in preparing guidelines for food selection through e-commerce.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.391-407
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 식품영양전공$.$ 비전공 남$.$여대학생을 대상으로 골밀도를 측정하고 신체계측, 식습관, 운동 등의 요인이 골밀도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자들의 평균연령은 전공남학생 22.2세, 비전공남학생 22.4세, 전공여학생 21.2세, 비전공여학생 21.9세이었고, BMI는 전공남학생 21.96, 비전공남학생 21.69, 전공여학생 21.07, 비전공여학생 20.84이었다. 2. 조사대상자들의 골밀도는 전공남학생군과 비전공남학생군에서 평균 BQI 값은 각각 l08.07, 110.47, 전공여학생과 비전공여학생의 평균 BQI는 89.13, 88.18이었다. 전공, 비전공남학생의 평균 Z-score는 각각 0.139, 0.295, 평균 T-score는 각각 0.049, 0.185이었다. 여학생의 경우 평균 Z-score는 전공여학생 -0.786, 비전공여학생은0.842이었으며, 평균 T-score는 전공여학생 0.786, 비전공여학생은 -0.839로 나타났다. 3. 조사대상자의 골밀도 상태를 정상, 골감소증, 골다공증 3군으로 분류하였을 때 골밀도가 정상인 경우는 전공남학생 78.0%, 비전공남학생 88.2%로 비전공군에서 다소 높았고, 전공여학생은 60.0%, 비전공여학생 59.1%로 유사하였다. 골감소증은 전공남학생 22.0%, 비전공남학생 11.8%, 전공, 비전공여학생 각각 40.0, 40.2%로 여학생군이 남학생군과 비교하였을 때 골감소증의 경향이 높게 나타났다. 4. 조사대상자의 식습관을 조사한 결과 규칙적으로 식사를 하는 경우는 전공남학생 26.8%, 비전공남학생 68.8%, 전공여학생은 45%, 비전공여학생 32.6% 이었다. 육식 위주 식사는 전공남학생 19.5%, 비천공여학생 l0.6%이었고 채식 위주 식사는 비전공남학생 57.0%, 전공 여학생은 47.5%로 나타났다. 아침을 매일 먹는 전공남학생은 19.5%, 비전공남학생은 61.3%, 전공여학생은 33.8%, 비전공여학생 25.7%로 나타났다. 과식한다는 응답이 전공남학생 34.2%, 비전공남학생 25.8%이었고, 전공여학생은 25.0%, 비전공여학생 35.6%이었다. 5. 조사대상자의 식품의 섭취빈도를 나타낸 결과는 두부 및 콩제품을 매일 섭취하는 경우는 전공남학생 19.5%, 비전공남학생 37.6%, 전공여학생은 41.3 %, 비전공여학생이 17.4%이었다. 우유 및 유제품 섭취는 매일 섭취한다고 하는 경우가 전공남학생 34.2%, 비전공남학생 4.5%가, 전공여학생은 l0.0%, 비전공여학생은 34.8%이었다. 육류 및 육가공품 섭취는 거의 섭취하지 않는 경우가 전공남학생 4.9%, 비전공남학생은 44.1%로, 전공여학생 36.2%, 비전공여학생 6.1%로 나타났다. 해조류 섭취는 일주일에 0∼2회 섭취에 대한 응답율은 전공남학생 56.1%, 비전공남학생 50.5%이었고, 전공여학생 65.0%, 비전공여학생 55.3%로 대체적으로 섭취율이 낮은 경향이었다. 전공에 관계없이 전반적으로 콩식품, 우유 및 해조류 등의 섭취 정도가 낮았다. 6. 조사대상자의 운동 빈도를 보면 항상 운동을 하는 경우는 전공남학생 14.6%, 비전공남학생 23.7%로 비전공남학생의 운동빈도가 높게 나타났으며 여학생의 경우 남학생에 비하여 운동량과 운동시간이 짧게 나타났다. 체중에 대한 만족도를 보면 전공남학생 19.5%, 비전공남학생 34.4%로, 전공여학생은 13.7%, 비전공여학생은 9.1% 가 만족한다고 하였다. 체중조절의 방법에 있어서는 운동을 한다는 응답이 전공남학생은 65.9%, 비전공남학생은 54.8%, 전공여학생은 35.0%, 비전공여학생은 31.8%로 나타났다. 7. 조사대상자의 골밀도와 제요인의 상관관계를 BQI 값으로 살펴볼 때, 전공남학생은 운동시간 및 식사량 그리고 콩식품, 해조류 섭취빈도와 약한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 편식 및 인스턴트 식품 섭취와는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 비전공남학생의 경우 운동시간과 해조류 섭취와 약한 양의 관계를 나타내었고 콩식품, 우유, 육류, 인스턴트 식품 섭취와는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 전공여학생은 운동시간, 콩식품에서 양의 상관관계를, 육류, 차, 인스턴트 식품에서는 약한 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 비전공여학생의 경우 콩 식품과 해조류, 육류에서는 약한 양의 상관관계를, 우유 및 차 섭취에서 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과 골밀도에 영향을 미치는 요소는 군마다 다양하였으며 남학생의 경우 평균 골밀도 수치가 표준치보다 높게 나왔으나 최대, 최소범위가 넓은 경향이었고, 전공남학생의 경우 골감소증의 비율이 비전공남학생보다 높아 이를 개선시키기 위한 여러 가지 방안이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 특히 여학생의 골밀도는 전공ㆍ비전공군에 상관없이 낮게 나타나 여성이 남성에 비해 골격건강이 취약한 집단임이 알 수 있었다. 그러나 대학생의 시기는 여전히 골질량의 형성이 가능한 시기이며, 따라서 건강한 골격을 형성하고 유지하기 위해서 식품의 섭취, 균형된 식사, 적정 체중의 유지 및 골격 에 하중을 가하는 운동을 지속적으로 하는 개개인의 다각적 노력과 관심이 중요하다 하겠다. 그리고 전공대학생의 경우 전공지식에 대한 실생활 적용 및 반영의 정도가 다소 높을 것으로 기대하였으나 미흡하게 나타난 결과를 볼 때, 전공지식에 대한실천의지 함양을 위한 교육프로그램 마련이 절실히 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.310-322
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 인천 및 경기지역에 거주하며 식품 구매의 주 소비자인 성인 여성 410명을 대상으로 전자상거래에서 식품 구매 실태를 파악하고 식품 구매 상태에 따른 식생활과의 관련성을 분석하여 향후 전자상거래를 통한 올바른 식품 구매 지도 및 확산을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 조사대상자의 연령은 20 ~ 50대가 비교적 고르게 분포하였으며, 기혼자가 70.5%였다. 전자상거래 식품 구매경험자는 87.6%이었으며, 최근 6개월 이내 식품 구매액은 대상자의 43.2%가 10만원 미만이었다. 식품 쇼핑몰에 대한 정보는 20 ~ 40대는 인터넷 검색을 통해서, 50대 이상의 경우에는 TV 광고를 통해서 얻는 경우가 많았다. 전자상거래에서 주로 구매하는 식품은 커피, 티, 간편조리식품, 냉장, 냉동식품이 40% 이상으로 높았다. 전자상거래를 이용하여 식품을 구매하는 이유는 '오프라인 매장 보다 저렴해서' '배송 및 운반이 편리해서', '전자상거래에서 판매되고 있는 식품의 종류가 다양해서', '경제활동 및 육아로 식품을 직접 구입할 시간이 부족해서' 순이었다. 전자상거래 식품 구매 시 중요하게 생각하는 부분은 '가격 및 품질'이 44.8%로 가장 높았으며, '신속하고 정확한 배송', '제품의 유통기한, 내용량, 영양성분, 성분명 및 함량의 명확한 표기' 순이었다. 전자상거래에서 식품 구매 후 대상자의 69.1%가 매우 만족 또는 만족하였으며, 95.5%는 향후 전자상거래에서 식품 구매의사가 있다고 답하였다. 전자상거래에서 식품 구매의 장점과 단점에 대한 인식은 5점 만점에 각각 3.6점과 3.7점이었으며, 50대 이상과 기혼자에서 장점에 대한 인식 점수가 유의하게 낮았다. 전자상거래에서 식품 구매자는 비구매자보다 '가공식품의 잦은 섭취', '달고 기름진 음식의 잦은 섭취', '외식', '과음 및 잦은 음주'의 식행동 점수가 낮아 바람직하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 전자상거래에서 식품 구매비용이 높을수록 '우유 매일 섭취'의 식행동은 바람직한 반면, '가공식품의 잦은 섭취', '달고 기름진 음식의 잦은 섭취', '외식', '과음 및 잦은 음주'는 바람직하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 전자상거래에서 식품 구매자는 비구매자보다 '천천히 여유롭게 식사', '편식하지 않고 음식을 골고루 섭취', '과식하지 않고 적당히 섭취' 점수가 낮아 바람직하지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 식품 구매비용에 따라서는 금액이 낮을수록 '천천히 여유롭게 식사하는 편'의 식습관 점수가 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 성인 여성의 87.6%가 전자상거래를 통한 식품 구매 경험을 가지고 있었으며, 전자상거래에서 식품 구매경험이 있거나 그 비용이 클수록 바람직하지 않은 식행동과 식습관을 보였다. 이와 같이 전자상거래에서 식품 구매는 소비자의 식행동 및 식습관과 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타나고 있기 때문에 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 전자상거래를 이용한 식품 구매 대상자들에게 건전한 식품구매와 올바른 식생활을 유도할 수 있는 지속적인 관심과 영양지도가 요구된다.