• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1583-1591
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• 2003

The influence of varying levels of urea and additives on nitrogen (N) retention and chemical composition of wheat straw was studied. The wheat straw was treated with 4, 6 and 8% urea and ensiled with 1.5, 2 and 2.5% of acetic or formic acid and 2, 4 and 6% of corn steep liquor (CSL) or acidified molasses for 15 days. The N content of wheat straw was significantly different across all treatments. The N content of urea treated wheat straw was increased with the increasing level of urea. The N content was higher in urea treated wheat straw ensiled with acetic or formic acid as compared to urea treated wheat straw ensiled without these organic acids. The N content of urea treated wheat straw was further enhanced when it was ensiled with CSL or acidified molasses. This effect was significant across all levels of urea used to treat the wheat straw. Nitrogen retention in urea treated wheat straw was decreased linearly as the urea level was increased to treat the wheat straw. The N content was increased linearly when higher levels of CSL or acidified molasses were used to ensile the urea treated wheat straw. Most of the N in urea treated wheat straw was held as neutral detergent insoluble N (NDIN). The NDIN content was increased linearly with the increasing levels of urea and additives. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were higher in urea treated wheat straw ensiled with acetic or formic acid as compared to urea treated wheat straw ensiled without additive. The NDF content further increased in urea treated wheat straw ensiled with CSL and acidified molasses. The entire increase in NDF content was because of fiber bound N. The hemicellulose content of urea treated wheat straw ensiled with CSL or acidified molasses was higher as compared to urea treated wheat straw ensiled with acetic or formic acid. The acid detergent fiber content of urea treated wheat straw ensiled with or without additives remained statistically non-significant. The cellulose contents of wheat straw was linearly reduced when urea level was increased from 4 to 6 and 8% to treat the wheat straw. This effect was further enhanced when urea treated wheat straw was ensiled with different additives. The results of the present study indicated that fermentable carbohydrates might improve the Nitrogen retention and bring the favorable changes in physiochemical nature of wheat straw. However, biological evaluation of urea treated wheat straw ensiled with fermentable carbohydrates is required.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제17권
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• pp.115-133
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• 1974

인삼 종자의 결실과 최아과정중에서 일어나는 물질대사의 기본적 소인을 알고저 화기형성초기로부터 개화기까지, 결실초기부터 홍숙기까지, 그리고 최아과정중 화학성분의 변화를 추구하였다. 1. 화뢰에서는 감수분열기 이전까지 신선중, 건물중, 회수화물, 질소화합물의 변동은 그리 크지 않으며 TCA가용성인, 특히 유기태인의 증가와 현저하였다. 2. 감수분열기로부터 소포자기에 이르는 기간 동안 신선중, 건물중이 급격히 증가되고 전질소량이 증가하는데 불용성 질소구분은 이 시기부터 그 량이 늘어나 단백질이 합성되는 것을 의미하고 있으며 불용성 질소가 전질소의 62∼70%를 차지하고 있다. 또한 가용성 당분이 급격하게 증가되어 환원당, 비환원당이 모두 증가하나 전분의 증가는 볼 수 없고, 전인에 대한 TCA가용성인이 85.4%, TCA불용성인이 14.6%로 화뢰성장중 각각 최고, 최소치를 나타내고 있다. 3. 화분성숙기 이후와 개화기에서 특히 건물중의 증가가 현저하고 불용성질소도 계속 증가되어 총질소의 67%에 이른다. 또한 두드러진 유기태인의 저하와 갑작스런 조전분의 증가를 볼 수 있고 무기태인량이 유기태 인량을 능가하게 된다. 4. 결실기부터 홍열기까지에 있어서는 신선중량의 90%가 결실 후 3주간에 증가하는데, 1) 전질소량은 7배로 증가되었고 성숙되어 갈수록 전질소에 대한 불용성질소의 량이 커져서 65%에서 80%이상으로 상승되고 한편 가용성질소의 비율은 35%에서 20%이하로 저하되었다. 2) 전인산량도 8배로 증가되는데 홍숙이 시작되는 시기에 최고에 이르고 이때에 전인산에 대한 TCA가용성인의 비율도 가장 커서 90%에 이른다. 유기태인도 홍숙이 시작될 때까지 29배나 증가되며 지질태인, 핵산태인, 단백태인이 모두 증가되고 있다. 3) 회수화물의 증가는 신선중의 증가와 유사한데결실한지 3주 후에 최고량에 달하고 그 후는 사실상 증가하지 않으며 가용성당도 3주 후에 최고에 달했다가 일시 감소하며 홍숙기에 약간 증가하나 먼저 수준에는 이르지 못하며 조전분은 점차 증가되어 홍숙되기 일주 전에 최고량에 달하나 전 건물량의 2.36% 밖에 되지 못한다. 회수화물중 가용성당이 차지하는 비율이 훨씬 크며 완숙기에서는 가용성당분중 약80% 이상의 비환원당으로 되어 있어 인삼 종자의 주요 회수화물을 이루고 있다. 4) 한편 완숙된 종자의 배란중에는 60% 이상의 지방을 함유하고 있어 인삼 종자의 저장물질은 단백질이나 회수화물이기 보다는 주로 지방이다. 5. 최아조작중에는 배가 11월중순의 파종기까지 4.2∼4.7mm로 발육하며 충분히 흡수하여 50∼60%에 이르고, 저장지방, 단백질, 전분이 가수분해하여 가용화되고 당분, 무기태인, 인지질, 핵산태인, 단백태인과 가용성질소의 증가를 보이고 있어 세포내용물의 전이가 일어나 발아에 필요한 물질을 축적하고 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.753-758
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• 2013

더덕에 설탕 첨가량을 달리하여 제조된 더덕차의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성, 기능성 성분의 함량 조사를 통하여 합리한 더덕차의 제조방법을 찾고자 하였다. 일반성분 함량 중 더덕 첨가량의 증가로 수분 함량은 증가하였고 탄수화물 함량은 감소되었으며 조단백질, 조지방, 회분 등 함량은 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 색도는 L값은 설탕 첨가량의 증가에 따라 감소되었고 b값은 증가된 것으로 나타났으며 a값은 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 총 식이섬유 함량은 변화가 없었으나 설탕 첨가량의 증가에 따라 수용성 식이섬유의 함량은 증가하고 반대로 불용성 식이섬유의 함량은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 총 페놀성 화합물과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 설탕 첨가량의 증가에 따라 증가되는 것으로 나타났으나 사포닌 함량은 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과 75% 설탕을 첨가한 시험구가 색, 맛, 향, 전체적 기호도 등에서 모두 다른 시험구보다 높게 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.569-576
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• 1998

The effects of carbohydrates, hormones and elicitors on both cell growth and betaine production were investigated in the cell cultures of Lycium chinense Mill. The maximum effect of glucose and sucrose was observed in cells cultured in the presence of 3% and 7% for cell growth and betaine production, respectively. The effect of hormones on cell growth and betaine production was prominent in the presence of 10 ${\mu}$M 2, 4-D, 10 ${\mu}$M NAA and 2.5 ${\mu}$M IAA, whereas cell growth and betaine production were excellent at 2.5 ${\mu}$M BA and 10 ${\mu}$M BA, respectively. Abiotic elicitors such as KCI, MnCl2 and NaCl exhibited an inhibitory role on cell growth in all treatment groups. Betaine production was increased according to increase of concentration of abiotic elicitors. methanol-soluble and insoluble components as biotic elicitor remarkably inhibited cell growth from 2 mg and 6 mg, respectively. Betaine production was increased maximally at 2 mg of biotic elicitors. When growth medium was switched to production medium at two stage culture, it resulted that cell fresh weight and dry weight decreased but betaine content increased about 2.2-fold.

• 분석과학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2017

Rice endosperm, the portion that remains after milling, is the part of the rice seed that is primarily consumed as a source of nutrients. There have been many studies on polysaccharides, such as hemicellulose, cellulose, and pectins, derived from the cell walls of various plant groups. It has been reported that the acidic polysaccharide fractions, which contain water-soluble pectins that have been shown to have pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro, have common chemical structures that include galacturonic acid polymers, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose. However, few studies have been conducted on the acidic polysaccharides contained in the endosperm of rice. In this study, we quantitatively compared the differences in the acidic polysaccharide contents from samples from two of the main varieties of rice consumed as staple foods, japonica and indica, using a colorimetric method. Rice samples were collected from 39 different regions in Korea, China, Thailand and Vietnam. Acidic polysaccharide fractions were obtained by precipitation of the alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR) and enzyme treatment of each sample. The total amount of carbohydrates and uronic acid in each acidic polysaccharide fraction were measured using the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the carbazole-sulfuric acid method, respectively. The differences in the total polysaccharide contents in the acidic polysaccharide fractions were not statistically significant (p = 0.07), but the uronic acid contents were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.04).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 아위버섯의 일반성분 및 탄수화물, 섬유질, 무기질, 아미노산, 비타민, 유리당, 지방산조성 등을 조사하여 건강식품개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 실시하였다. 아위버섯의 경우 느타리버섯과 새송이버섯에 비해 수분은 적고 조단백질과 식이섬유가 많음을 보였다. 총 아미노산 함량과 무기질의 함량은 높게 나타났으며, 이는 아위버섯이 우수한 무기질 공급원의 식품이 될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 또한 아위버섯의 경우 느타리버섯, 새송이버섯에 비하여 수용성 비타민뿐만 아니라 지용성비타민의 경우도 많았으며 특히 비타민 C함량은 6배정도 많았고 특이하게 높은 glucose 함량을 보여주었으며 myristic acid등 포화지방산의 함량은 적은 반면, 불포화 지방산인 linoleic acid의 함량은 다소 높게 나타났다. 따라서 아위버섯은 풍부한 영양소를 가지고 있어 다양한 생리활성을 기대할 수 있으며 향후 기능성식품의 좋은 재료로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지역사회생활과학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.90-90
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• 2009

Cereals or cereal grains, are grasses cultivated for the edible components of their fruit seeds. In this study we evaluated the chemical characteristics of 12 raw cereals produced in Korea. The nutritional and functional contents such as moisture, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, dietary fiber, minerals(Ca, P, Fe, Na, and K), vitamins (A, E, C, B groups, folic acid, and niacin), total polyphenol, carotenoid, and flavonoid containing isoflavone were investigated. Especially, the dietary fiber were determined and divided into three contents such as total, soluble, and insoluble fibers. As a results, the black rice was shown the high total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. They were included the rich vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats and protein. The other chemical compositions were not shown the remarkable differences among cereal cultivar. This result can be used as basic data for specific cooking or functional study.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.764-773
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• 1996

The mutan containing $\alpha$-1,3 bond is an insoluble portion of glucan which is the main component of dental plaque. The secretion of mutanase was assessed with mutan-digesting Streptomyces isolated from soil, and the factors affecting its activity was studied, obtaining the following result. Mutan-digesting Streptomyces was identified as Streptomyces exfoliatus by its characteristics. The effect of dextranase was identified on the media containing blue dextran. A clear zone was produced by Streptomyces exfoliatus on the media containing blue mutan, so showing the secretion of mutanase. A clear zone was significantly produced on the media overlayed with agar containing blue mutan. A clear zone was produced at 2 days after the inoculation of Streptomyces exfoliatus on the media containing below a concentration of 0.025% glucose, at 3 days on the media containing 0.05 % glucose, and at 4 days on the media containing 0.1 % glucose. Mutan-digestion wasn't appeared early by adding other carbohydrates. The higher concentration of peptone, the later appearance of clear zone was on the media containing below a concentration of 0.1 % peptone. These results indicated that the secretion of mutanase was identified from mutan-digesting Streptomyces on the media containing blue mutan, and a clear zone was appeared lately on the media containing higher amount of glucose.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2012년도 심포지엄 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.99-100
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• 2012

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.918-923
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• 2011

This study was aimed to investigate the nutritional components such as proximate content, minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber of Euonymus sieboldiana leaves. The leaf sample used was fresh material produced in April in the Republic of Korea. As a result, the fresh leaf sample contained 10.30% crude carbohydrates, 7.42% crude proteins, 0.69% crude fat, and 1.46% crude ash, including a high amount of potassium (0.73%). The total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber content was 8.77%, 7.60%, and 1.17%, respectively. Vitamin C was found to be 44.53 mg% using colorimetric analysis. We regarded E. sieboldiana as a potential health food material because of its abundant nutritional components like potassium, dietary fiber, and vitamin C.