• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2011

In order to monitor a rotating cylindrical separator for radioactive waste, an electrical resistance method is proposed and its mathematical model is investigated. In a rotating radioactive waste separator, the electrical resistance between a pair of electrodes mounted on the inner wall of the vessel is related to the thickness of annular region of insoluble particle formed around the periphery and the concentration of the insoluble particle in that region. This work presents an analytical relationship among the aforementioned parameters based on a two-dimensional solution to the electrical potential equation and an empirical conductivity-concentration relation. Also, the feasibility of electrical resistance method for monitoring rotating cylindrical separators is discussed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.459-465
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• 2002

$\beta$-l, 3-glucans are well known to enhance the immune reactions, resulting in antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulatory and wound healing activities. $\beta$-1, 3-glucans have various activities depending on molecular weight, degree of branching, conformation, water-solubility and intermolecular association. However, the $\beta$-1, 3-glucans linked backbone structure is essential and $\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl units are required for immunopotentiating activities. In this study, we tested the immunophamacological activities of insoluble $\beta$-1, 3-glucan from Agrobacterium sp. R259 KCTC 10197BP and confirmed the following activities: (1) IFN-${\gamma}$ production in PBMCs in the presence or in the absence of PHA, LPS, IL-18, and IL-12; (2) the induction of various cytokines in the spleen and thymus; (3) the adjuvant effect on the antibody production; (4) the cytotoxic and antitumor effects on cell lines and ICR mice. These results strongly suggest that $\beta$-1, 3-glucan from Agrobacterium sp. R259 KCTC 10197BP possesses various immunopharmacologica1 activities.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.475-486
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• 1997

The characteristics of atmospheric aerosols were investigated as a function of particle size and water solubility. The atmospheric aerosols were sampled with classifying into 12 size ranges by the use of Andersen low-pressure impactor. Collected aerosol particles were extracted by ultrapure water and filtered to be separated into water-soluble and insoluble components. The concentrations 12 elements in both components were determined by PIXE analysis. And the concentrations of 8 ions in the soluble component were analyzed by ion chromatography. In general, the mass size distribution of particulate matter was represented as a bimodal distribution. The mass size distributions of S$(SO_4^{2-}), K(K^+), Zn and NH_4^+$ skewed to the smaller size range and those of Si, Ca$(Ca^{2+}), Fe, Na^+ and Mg^{2+}$ skewed to the larger size range. They had roughly one peak in the fine and coarse particle region,respectively. On the other hand, the mass size distribution of Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, $Cl^- and NO_3^-$ were represented as the bimodal distribution. Fe and Si in the aerosol particles extracted into pure water are existing in high insoluble state. Conversely, almost the whole of S is dissolved in water.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1999

Free phenolic acid, soluble phenolic acid ester and insoluble bound phenolic acid were extracted from defatted perilla flour. Their antioxidative effects were compared with those of BHA, AE and TBHQ for soybean oils by measuring acid and peroxide values at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. The patterns of these extracts were compared by using gas chromatography. Free phenolic acid and soluble phenolic acid ester extracts showed a higher antioxidative effects than BHA and AP. Among phenolic extracts, free phenolic acid showed the most effective antioxidant activity in soybean oil. Six types of free phenolic acid, 3 types of soluble phenolic acid ester, and 2 types of insoluble phenolic acid were found in the extract.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.545-549
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• 2009

The functional properties of cheese, such as texture and melt, are known to be controlled by several important parameters. Recently, the characteristics of Ca in cheeses, especially the form of Ca (insoluble (INSOL) or soluble) and the shift in Ca equilibrium (i.e., from INSOL to soluble Ca), during aging has received a lot of attention. The INSOL form of Ca, which is present as a structural form in casein, plays a critical role in determining the functional properties of cheese during the early period of ripening (~1 mon). It seems that there is always a reduction of INSOL Ca content in cheese during ripening and there are also factors that can affect the shift in Ca equilibrium. These factors may include the composition of cheese milk, cheese manufacturing pH, acid development during aging, adopting curd-washing in various methods, pre-acidification of milk, etc. There have been many studies showing that the rheological and melting properties of cheese during ripening were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the shift in Ca equilibrium. Therefore, for cheese makers, it is now possible to predict/manage the functional properties of cheese by monitoring and controlling Ca equilibrium in cheese during aging.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.90-100
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• 1985

The present study was designed to investigate cellular regulation of phosphate metabolism between catabolically repressed and derepressed states in yeast (Saccharomyces uvarum). The activities of various phospatases and the contents of phosphate compounds were detected according to the culture phase and various phosphate concentrations. As the results, Saccharomyces uvarum derepressed many phosphate metabolizing enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and ATPase more than ten fold simultaneously during catabolic repression (phospgate and sugar starvation). At the same state, the amounts of orthophosphate, nucleotidic labile phosphate and acid soluble polypgosphate were increased, compared to basal levels of normally cultivated cells. $Mg^{++}-stimulated$ type among all phospatases was appeared to have most of the enzyme activity. It could be postulated that $K^+ -stimulated$ alkaline phosphatase was directly or indirectly correlated with the synthesis of acid insoluble polyphosphate $Mg^{++}-stimulated$ phosphatase with the degradation of polyphosphates. In case of cultivation in the medium supplemented with sugar and phosphate (catabolic derepression), phospgatase activities except for alkaline phosphatase were decreased rapidly through the progressive batch culture, After 12 hrs culture, at early exponential phase, the cellular accumulation of acid insoluble polyphosphate increased about 5 fold, compared to those of the starved cells. Under catabolic repression, it could be postulated that intracellular phosphate metabolism was regulated by derepressions of phosphatases. The function of polyphosphate system was shown to compensate the ATP/ADP system as phosphate donor and energy source especially during catabolic repression.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 1979

The mycelium of Rhizopus nigricans was harvested at intervals during the sporulation periods, fractioned into various cell components and analyzed the con!eiits of various cell materials in order to clarify the optimum conditions of sporulation and some characteristics of the metabolism during tke sporulation periods. The changes in enzyme activities, such as amylase and protease, were also measured during the sporulation period,. 1. Mycelium in distilled water culture, as control, did not sporulate but mycelial mat cultured in Petridish without mutrient spourulated. Optimum temperature range for sporulation was $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. 2. During the sporulation and maturation periods, proteins, especially alkali-labile protein were decreased remarkably but free amino acid and ninhydrin reactive substances in acid soluble fraction were increased, compared with control. 3. Acid solable polyphosphate was decreased but acid insoluble polyphosphate was increased, during the sporulation. 4. Carbohydrate and hexosamine in acid soluble fraction were increased, while carbohydrate in alkali insoluble residual fraction was decreased during the sporulation periods. 5. Amounts of UV-absorbing material in deoxyribonucleic acid fraction was increased a little but those in ribonucleic acid fraction was decreased, compared with control. 6. Intracellular amylases and proteases activities insporulating mycelial mat were increased continuously during the sporulation and maturation periods.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.6-15
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• 1985

A new process disregraded the H$_2$SO$_4$ treatment process heretofore in use, was developed and substituted for mineral base engine used oil of homemade SAE-30 grade H.V.I., which was used covering 4,500km, as samples, and the following results in research, was obtained. (1) A good quality of rerefinded base oil was obtained through roughly a course of developed processes of vacuum distillation process, solvent extraction process, neutralization treatment process and clay treatment process. (2) Through vacuum distillation process, the size of fine grains of insoluble colloid carbon that is, colloid carbon which was produced by burning of internal combustion engine oil and fuel, could be brought up and precipitated (3) The insoluble matters and admixtures could be easily dispersed and dissolved by mixing and extracting solvent disregarded the H$_2$SO$_4$ treatment process heretofore in use (4) waste matter heretofore called acid sludge in consequence of the process, did not appear at all. accordingly, the environmental pollution could be removed. (5) The troubles of corrosion to copper strip which was faults of the usual used oil refined products and peculiar offensive odor of the rerefined oil, could be solved through the neutralization process. (6) The yield of rerefined oil obtained through a course of processes was over 86 percent, and it is of practical use, not to speak of commercial value.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.428-433
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• 2009

Cellulose triacetate (CTA) was prepared from cotton linter and pulps which contain various contents of $\alpha$-cellulose. CTA which contains 2.8 of degree of substitution (DS) and 222 of degree of polymerization (DP) was obtained from V-81 pulp under the heterogeneous system. The DS was measured by the titration method, and the DP was obtained by measurement of viscosity. FT-IR spectometer (FT-IR 6300, JASCO) was used to analyze the chemical structure of raw materials and cellulose triacetate, and X-ray diffractometer (X-pert MPD PW3040, Philips) was used to confirm the crystal structure and to calculate the relative crystallinity index (RCI). As $\alpha$-cellulose content in pulp increased, the acetylation yield increased. Besides with a kind of pulp, it contains insoluble residue which was mainly formed due to the formation of glucomannan triacetate and xylan diacetate during the esterification.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.210-219
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• 1997

Retarding effects of the dietary fibers from tangerine peels on glucose, bile acid and cadmium transport were evaluated by dialysis method, and were compared with those of commercial dietary fibers(citrus pection, CM-cellulose, guar gum, $\alpha$-cellulose). Yields of total (TDF), insoluble(IDF) and soluble dietary fibers(SDF) from tangerine peels on the fresh matter basis were 2.84%, 1.95% and 0.39% respectively. The amount of insoluble fibers was 5.2 times higher than that of soluble fibers. Soluble fibers(guar gum, CM-cellulose, SDF, pectin) had the retarding effect on glucose transport, while IDF, TDF and $\alpha$-cellulose did not have. Guar gum showed the greatest effect, followed by CM-cellulose, SDF and pectin. Among the extracted fibers, only SDF had the effect on glucose transport retardation. Regarding bile acid dialysis, guar gum had the greatest retarding effect, and all dietary fibers from tangerine peels, especially SDF, showed the effect of bile acid retardation. On cadmium transport retardation, CM-cellulose had the greatest effect, followed by SDF, TDF, IDF, guar gum and pectin. Among the extracted fibers, SDF had the greatest effect on Cd trasport transport retardation. The extracted dietary fibers showed higher retarding effect on Cd transport than glucose and bile acid transport, and the effect of SDF was higher than IDF.