• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.795-812
• /
• 2020

Novel food sources have enormous potential as nutritional supplements. For instance, edible insects are considered as an alternative food source due to their higher protein content; moreover, they are economically efficient reproducers and have high in nutritional value. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of the freeze-dried powder of Locusta migratoria (fdLM), known to contain rich proteins as well as fatty acids. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the subacute toxicity of fdLM in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The SD rats were divided into four groups based on the dosage of fdLM administered: dosage of 0 (vehicle control), 750, 1,500, and 3,000 mg/kg/day were administered for 28 days. Toxicological assessments including observations on food consumption, body and organ weights, clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmologic tests, urinalyses, hematologic tests, clinical chemistry tests, gross findings, and histopathology tests were performed. Clinical signs, urinalyses, hematology, serum biochemistry tests, and organ weight examinations revealed no fdLM-related toxicity. The no-observed-adverse-effect level for fdLM was higher than 3,000 mg/kg/day in rats of both sexes; therefore, fdLM, in conclusion, can be considered safe as an edible alternative human and animal food source material.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국균학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
• /
• pp.13-13
• /
• 2016

Insects constitute the largest and most diverse group of animals in the world. They also serve as the hosts or nutrient sources for an immense assemblage of pathogens, parasites, and predators. More than 700 fungal species from 100 genera have adopted an entomopathogenic lifestyle. Although entomopathogenic fungi were studied as only biocontrol agents against a variety of pests in various countries, it has been recently focused their additional roles in nature. They are antagonists to/against plant pathogens, endophytes, and possibly even plant growth promoting agents. The potential antimicrobial effect against fungal plant pathogens by an isolate of entomopathogenic fungi including Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium spp., and Isaria fumosorosea have been reported since late 1990s, but wasn't reported pathogenicity of the isolate against pests. Later, a Canadian Lecanicillium sp. isolate and L. longisporium isolated from Vertalec$^{(R)}$ showed simultaneous control effect against both aphid and cucumber powder mildew. Therefore, the antimicrobial activities of 342 fungi isolates collected from various regions and conditions in Korea were evaluated against plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea using dual culture technique on agar plate. As a result, 186 isolates (54.4%) shown the antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The culture filtrates of selected fungi completely suppressed the growth of the microorganisms, indicating that suppression was due to the presence of antimicrobial substances in the culture filtrate. Mode of action of these fungi against insect involves the attachment of conidia to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, cuticle penetration, and internal dissemination throughout the insect. During infection process, secreted enzymes, proteinous toxins, and/or secondary metabolites secreted by entomopathogenic fungi can be used to overcome the host immune system, modify host behavior, and defend host resources. Recently, secondary metabolites isolated from entomopathogenic fungi have been reported as potential bioactive substances. Generally, most of bioactive substances produced by entomopathogenic fungi have reported low molecular weight (lower than 1,000 g/mol) as peptide and, in contrast the high molecular weight fungal bioactive substances are rare. Most substances based on entomopathogenic fungi were shown antimicrobial activity with narrow control ranges. In our study we analyzed the antimicrobial substances having antagonistic effects to B. cinerea. Antimicrobial substances in our fungal culture filtrates showed high thermostability, high stability to proteolytic enzymes, and hydrophilicity and their molecular weights were differed from substance. In conclusion, entomopathogenic fungi showed pathogenicity against insect pests and culture filtrate of the fungi also shown to antimicrobial activity. In the future, we can use the entomopathogenic fungi and its secondary metabolites to control both insect pest control and plant pathogenic fungi simultaneously.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2012

To elucidate the role of silicon in biotic stress such as pests and diseases, standard chrysanthemum was grown in pots filled with soil without application of pesticide and fungicide. Si treatment was largely composed of three groups: $K_2SiO_3$ (50, 100, and $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), three brands of silicate fertilizer (SiF1, SiF2, and SiF3) and tap water as a control. Si sources were constantly drenched into pots for 14 weeks. Application high concentration $K_2SiO_3$ ($200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) and three commercial Si fertilizers for 14 weeks improved growth parameters such as plant height and the number of leaves. In the assessment of disease after 4 weeks of Si treatment, percentage of infected leaves was not significantly different from that of control. After 14 weeks of Si treatment, however, the infected leaves were significantly reduced with a 20-50% decrease in high concentration ($200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) of potassium silicate and all commercial silicate fertilizers. Colonies of aphid insect (Macrosiphoniellas anborni) were also reduced in Si-treated chrysanthemum, showing 40-57% lower than those of control plants. Accumulation of silicon (approximately $5.4-7.1mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight) in shoots of the plants was higher in Si-supplemented chrysanthemum compared to control plants ($3.3mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight). These results indicate that using potassium silicate or silicate fertilizer may be a useful for management of disease and aphid insect in soil-cultivated chrysanthemum.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제14권12호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2009

이 논문에서는 개체를 명확하게 분류하기 어려운 곤충 발자국 영상으로부터 개체를 인식하기 위해서 추출된 특징값 성분들의 기여도를 측정하고, 서로 관계된 기여도에 따라 가중치를 조정하는 퍼지 가중치 결정 방법을 제안한다. 곤충은 몸의 크기가 작아서 발자국은 작은 점의 형태로 나타난다. 그리고 다른 생물체의 발자국과 달리, 규칙적인 형상을 정의하기 어렵고 발자국 데이터와 구분이 분명하지 않는 노이즈와 혼재하기 때문에 개체를 판단하는데 많은 어려움이 있다. 이런 이유로 추출된 곤충 발자국 특징값은 명확하게 구분되는 특징성분 영역과 그렇지 않는 성분을 함께 가지게 된다. 이중 어떤 성분이 다른 성분과 비교하여 다른 클래스와 구분하기에 충분한 변별력을 가질 경우, 개체를 분류하도록 높은 가중치를 할당한다. 산출된 가중치는 퍼지함수에 의해서 출력신호를 결정하고 우세한 출력신호에 의해서 개체를 판단할수 있다. 제안한 기여도 퍼지 가중치 결정 방법을 이용하여 발자국영상의 인식 실험을 수행하고 실험 결과를 제시하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2011

Reproductive activity in the economically important insect, Antheraea mylitta is very important because the female reproduces only once in her life time and the aging is very rapid and costly. It is a capital breeder and strictly a monoandrous species. To know how strategically the insect behaves and the male allocates its ejaculate resource more prudently during its successive mating with virgin females to maximize its own fitness and the fitness of the female with whom it mated, both being most important to sericulture industry. So, the present study was undertaken and the results revealed fresh and virgin females always prefer to mate with fresh virgin males (84%) and receives high dose of ejaculates leading to higher hatchability than to virgin males of one day old (13.7%) and one day old males with mating experience (2.3%). The ejaculation size (as referred to eupyrene sperm count in the ejaculation) declined significantly over successive mating (r = -0.9931, P < 0.001), so also the male body weight (r = -0.9560, P < 0.001). The quantity of ejaculate passed to female also dramatically declined during aging (r = -0.9982, P < 0.001). It was found that male weight contribute substantially to the quantum of ejaculate (r = -0.9519, P < 0.001), so also higher fecund females receive relatively more ejaculate than the lower group to reach higher reproductive fitness. The life time fecundity was found to be $334{\pm}31$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.667-670
• /
• 2005

The proximate analysis, amino acid content and true amino acid digestibility and TMEn for poultry of adult Field crickets Gryllus testaceus Walker, were investigated. The insect was also used as partial replacement of protein supplements in the broiler diet on an equal CP percentage and TMEn basis. The results indicated that the adult insect contained: crude protein 58.3%; fat 10.3%, chitin 8.7% and ash 2.96% on dry matter basis, respectively. The total amounts of methionine, cystine and lysine in the Field crickets were 1.93%, 1.01% and 4.79%, respectively, and their true digestibility coefficients, determined in cecectomized roosters, were 94.1%, 85% and 96%, respectively. The TMEn of this insect meal was 2,960 kcal/kg determined in cecectomized roosters. When cornsoybean meal diets were formulated on an equal CP percentage and TMEn basis, up to 15% Field cricket could replace control diet without any adverse affects on broiler weight gain, feed intake or gain:feed ratio from 8 to 20 d posthatching.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.371-378
• /
• 2001

The Glycoprotein D (gD) gene of the HSV-1 strain F was cloned, sequenced, recombinated into the HcNPV (Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus) expression vector and expressed in insect cells. The gD gene was located in the 6.43 kb BamHI fragment of the strainF. The open reading frame (ORF) of the gD gene was 1,185 by and codes 394 amino acid residues. Recombinant baculoviruses, GD-HcNPVs, expressing the gD protein were constructed. Spodoptera frugiperda cells, infected with the recombinant virus, synthesized a matured gX-gD fusion protein with an approximate molecular weight of 54 kDa and secreted the gD proteins into the culture media by an immunoprecipitation assay The fusion gD protein was localized on the membrane of the insect cells, seen by using an immunofluorescence assay The deduced amino acid sequence presents additional characteristics compatible with the structure of a viral glycoprotein: signal peptide, putative glycosylation sites and a long C-terminal transmembrane sequence. These results indicate the utility of the HcNPV-insect cell system for producing and characterizing eukaryotic proteins.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 1999

집파리(Musca domestica) 3령 유충의 먹이에 imidacloprid (30, 100 ppm)와 IGR계 살충제인 flufenoxuron (3, 10 ppm), triflumuron (10 ppm) 및 teflubenzuron (3 ppm) 등을 섞어주었을 때, 이들 약제가 번데기의 무게, 성충의 수명, 산란수, 산란된 알의 부화율 등에 미치는 영향을 실험실에서 검토하였다. Imidacloprid 100 ppm 을 처리하였을 때 번데기의 무게는 감소하였으나 산란수에는 차이가 없었으며, flufenoxuron 10 ppm을 처리하였을 때는 무처리나 다른 처리를 비해서 번데기 무게가 감소하고 산란수도 감소하였다. 그러나 처리한 약제의 종류나 농도에 관계없이 우화한 성충의 수명이나 그 성충이 낳은 알의 부화율에는 아무런 영향이 없었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 1995

1000배로 희석한 "인세가"9주성분 : fenoxycarb)를 분무한 뽕잎을 일정기간 누에에 섭식시킨후 각 령의 경과일수, 5령 유충무게, 화용비율, 전견중 및 견층중 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. fenoxycarb 첨식은 유충경과 일수를 연장시킨다. 특히 4령 3일 이후의 처리에서는 5령 경과일수가 20일 이상 길어지고 토사하지 못한채 모두 폐사하였다. 2. fenoxycarb 첨식은 5령 유충무게를 증가시킨다. 처리구의 유충무게 최대치는 대조구에 비해 2령 전기간 처리구에서 약 20%, 3령, 4령, 5령기의 전기간 처리구에서 각각 40%, 70%, 20% 정도 증가하였다. 3. 화용비율은 1령 처리구에서는 90% 이상으로 대조와 큰 차이는 없었으나 2~3령 처리구에서는 70~8-0%, 4령 후반기 이후 처리구에서는 0%였다. 4. 전견중 및 견층중은 1~3령 처리구에서 대체로 증가하였고 특히 전견중은 2령 전령 처리구에서 대조대비 47% 견층중은 3령 전기간 처리구에서 41% 증가하였다.41% 증가하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2009

The Larval critical weight is the minimal mass at which further growth in not necessary for a normal time course to pupation. Larval critical weight (Lcw), pupal critical weight (Pcw) and adult critical weight (Acw) of different breeds of Bombyx mori L. were determined through starvation (food deprivation). The Lcw was found to be about 938.46, 2397.26, 2283.57 and 2220.97 mg in males and 1118.15, 2681.04, 2604.9 and 2455.88 mg in females of the multivoltine breed (Nistari), Bivoltine breeds (P5 & NB18) and their hybrid (P5$\times$NB18) respectively. Bivoltine breed P5 took more time (3.35 days) followed by NB18 (3.13 days) & P5$\times$NB18 (3.02 days) to attain larval critical weight (In $5^{th}$ Instar) than the multivoltine breed Nistari (2.42 days). Decrease in weight from larval maximal weight to pupal weight and to adult weight was also observed more in multivoltine than bivoltines, which may be due to more latent feeding period in bivoltines. Since Lcw is a stable character and independent of environment, it could be utilized for characterization of silkworm breeds to assess the quality of an insect.