• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.116-127
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• 2021

In this study, insect pest communities and major insect pest species were investigated and compared among 30 cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus. Insects on H. syriacus were observed with the naked eye over 3 years (from 2018 to 2020) in Busan and Suwon. Except for Aphis gossypii (79,059 and 23,654 individuals in Busan and Suwon, respectively), 20 species (1,147 individuals) and 31 species (2,240 individuals) were found in Busan and Suwon, respectively. The number of insect pest species and individuals did not differ among H. syriacus cultivars, but there were differences according to study locations. The dominant insect pest species were A. gossypii, Rehimena surusalis, Rusicada privata, Halyomorpha halys, Haritalodes derogata, Dolycoris baccarum, and Plautia stali; the number of individuals in dominant species differed according to study location and year but not among H. syriacus cultivars. In summary, insect pest communities did not differ among 30 H. syriacus cultivars, but the matrix of surrounding environments where H. syriacus are planted may be more important.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1141-1152
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• 2013

Insect fauna were surveyed in 2011 at Ungok wetland, Obeygol, located in Gochang, Jeonbuk, Korea. In total, 149 species belonging to 11 orders and 57 families were surveyed. Among them, Lepidopterans composed 23.5% (35 species) of the total insect numbers surveyed, comprising the most abundant group, and followed by Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Odonata with a composition of 22.1% (33 species), 17.4% (26 species), and 10.1% (15 species), respectively. Bothrogonia japonica Ishihara was the most dominant species, and followed by Gastrophysa atrocyanea Motschulsky and Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus). Phytophagous insects accounted for 60 percent of the total species. Dominance index was the highest in spring by 0.21. Diversity, richness, and evenness indices were the highest in summer by 4.07, 11.84 and 0.96, respectively. In the study area, the legally-protect species were grouped into five groups; 9 export-restricted species, 17 endemic species, 28 indicator species, 1 climate-sensitive biological indicator and 3 southern characteristic species. Additionally, twenty forest insect pest species were surveyed, belonging to 5 orders and 15 families. Therefore, it is required to conduct long-term monitoring and appropriate management based on the ecological characteristic of the habitats to continuously conserve and maintain of wetland.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

From a chemist's perspective, Scarabaeidae is one of the most exciting group of insects to work on the isolation, identification, and synthesis of sex pheromones because-as opposed to Lepidoptera, which by and large utilizes straight chain alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates-the pheromonal chemistry of scarab beetles is remarkably diverse. While species in the subfamily Rutelinae utilize pheromone constituents, which are presumably fatty acid derivatives, the more primitive species in the subfamily Melolonthinae use phenolic, amino acid derivative, and terpenoid compounds. Here, I discuss the recent advances we have accomplished in the identification of scarab sex pheromones with especial emphasis on their chemical diversity. Also, I discuss the potential role of these sex pheromones in insect pest management. Field tests revealed that, in contrast to what has been frequently observed in the Lepidoptera, the higher the dosage of sex pheromone loaded in the traps the greater the capture of scarab beetles. These data suggest that mass trapping is more likely to be useful for scarab pest management than mating distruption.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.145-154
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• 2021

Integrated pest management system in Korean apple has significantly advanced for last few decades. However harmful effects of pesticides threats the ecosystem services of natural enemies and pollinators. Apple require cross-pollination and Insect pollination with diversity and abundance is one of the keys to profitable apple production in quantity and quality as well. Thus crop protection tools are to be administered in harmony to meet the pest suppression and protection of beneficial organisms such as natural enemies and pollinators. Adding onto the established IPM system, integrated pollinator-pest management (IPPM) concept is proposed as the future direction of apple IPM. For this, ecological enginnering of creating habitats for pollinators, landscape management and agroecosytem diversification as well as selective soft pesticide uses on time guided by pest monitoring and phenologyand targeted delivery are further proposed. Recent shift of agroecosystem from climate change and new pest outbreaks require new paradigm of pest management for sustainable agricultural production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.976-986
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• 2018

Knowledge about the gut bacterial communities associated with insects is essential to understand their roles in the physiology of the host. In the present study, the gut bacterial communities of a laboratory-reared insecticide-susceptible (IS), and a field-collected insecticide-resistant (IR) population of a major rice pest, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, were evaluated. The deep-sequencing analysis of the V3 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using Illumina and the sequence data were processed using QIIME. The toxicological bioassays showed that compared with the IS population, IR population exhibited 7.9-, 6.7-, 14.8-, and 18.7-fold resistance to acephate, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and buprofezin, respectively. The analysis of the alpha diversity indicated a higher bacterial diversity and richness associated with the IR population. The dominant phylum in the IS population was Proteobacteria (99.86%), whereas the IR population consisted of Firmicutes (46.06%), followed by Bacteroidetes (30.8%) and Proteobacteria (15.49%). Morganella, Weissella, and Enterococcus were among the genera shared between the two populations and might form the core bacteria associated with N. lugens. The taxonomic-to-phenotypic mapping revealed the presence of ammonia oxidizers, nitrogen fixers, sulfur oxidizers and reducers, xylan degraders, and aromatic hydrocarbon degraders in the metagenome of N. lugens. Interestingly, the IR population was found to be enriched with bacteria involved in detoxification functions. The results obtained in this study provide a basis for future studies elucidating the roles of the gut bacteria in the insecticide resistance-associated symbiotic relationship and on the design of novel strategies for the management of N. lugens.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop of macro-protocol and the biosafety guide for 'Nakdong', and 'Golden Rice' (genetically modified vitamin A rice) by large scale field trial of GM crops. Typically, when a new GM crop is created, breeders should conduct field test to make sure the GM crop is safe, and provide some information on GM crops for approval. A total of isolated 4,700 $m^2$ field for trial of GM crops were prepared, and 'Nakdong' and 'Golden rice' were cultivated by standard method of RDA (Rural Development Administration, Korea). Field studies indicated that the population densities of insect pests and natural enemies have no difference between two varieties. While insect pest density on 'Nakdong' was slightly higher than on Golden Rice, but natural enemy density on Golden Rice was a little higher. These results provided the insect diversity for risk assessment analysis of Golden Rice and suggested that the macro-protocol could be useful to detect GM plants.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2011

Moths were collected to survey turfgrass pest and to compare species diversity from Jinju Country Club in Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Korea, every 10 days using 200W mercury light trap from middle May to late October in 2008. As the results, only 23 individuals of Pseudaletia separata, Spodoptera depravata, Spodoptera litura, Agrotis segetum, and Agrotis ipsilon were collected as turf grass insect pests. However, 2028 individuals of 388 species in 22 families were collected in total. Dominant species was Culcula panterinaria, Fentonia ocypete, Hypsopygia regina, Culcula panterinaria, Flavocrambus striatellus, and Diarsia camescens in May, June, July, August, September and October, respectively. Species diversity was not different between two surveyed sites, but different among surveyed time. Species richness was more higher in hole 11 (Hole was surrounded by natural forest and located near pond) than hole 15 (Hole was located at the top part of mountain). Dominance index of moth was increased from October compared with diverse index and richness index were decreased from October. A large number of species and individuals were recorded in Noctuidae (502 individuals in 131 species), Geometridae (491 individuals in 84 species), Pyralidae (386 individuals in 73 species), and Notodontidae (277 individuals in 25 species). These four families were 80.9% out of all the collected species.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted as part of research to promote garden diversity and seek sustainable garden management plans, as well as to determine the trends in understanding and use of companion plants as an eco-friendly farming method and provide the results as the basic data for sustainable urban agriculture. Methods: To determine the trends in garden activities, eco-friendly pest control, and use of companion plants, a survey was conducted on 230 urban residents participating in the Urban Agriculture Expert course. 223 copies of the questionnaire were collected excluding missing values, and IBM SPSS statistics Ver. 25 Program was used for frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and regression analysis. Results: Most of the respondents were female (71.3%), homemakers (26.5%), were in their 50s (29.1%), and had 2 members in the family (27.8%). 164 respondents (73.5%) had experience in gardening, most of them once a week (31.7%) and for self-consumption (55.5%). Both men and women raised crops for safe food production (32.3%), and they most preferred the city garden type (39.9%). For the preparation of nourishment for eco-friendly garden management, most respondents (60.1%) purchased fertilizers from the market. For the reason why eco-friendly pest control is necessary, all respondents except 4 of them (98.2%) responded that it is necessary 'because it affects my health as I eat it (73.5%)', indicating that they still had a high level of interest in health. Only 43.9% of the respondents said that they had heard of companion plants, 89.2% responded that companion plants were effective in eco-friendly management, and 87.4% showed the will to participate in gardening using companion plants in the future. Finally, the regression analysis confirmed that the awareness of companion plants and satisfaction with gardening activities are key variables that increase the intention to participate in gardening activities in the future. Conclusion: Since plants require special care depending on the period and various diseases and insect pests occur, there must be continuous research on companion plants as an eco-friendly farming method. Moreover, by actively using companion plants in urban gardens with the utility value in not only eco-friendly pest control but also in helping plant growth, urban agriculture is expected to be continuously activated and promoted by increasing satisfaction in gardening activities with aesthetic landscaping and pest control.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2012

The pear psylla, $Cacopsylla$ $pyricola$ (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a serious insect pest of commercial pear crops. The species, which resides on pear trees throughout its life cycle, is rapidly spreading in some regions of the world. The population genetic structure of the species collected from several pear orchards in Korea was studied to understand the nature of dispersal and field ecology of the species. The 658-bp region of mitochondrial COI gene and the 716-bp long complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced. Unlike other previously studied insect pests, the COI-based genetic diversity of the pear psylla was extremely low (maximum sequence divergence of 0.15%). This finding allowed us to conclude that the species may have been introduced in Korea relatively recently. ITS2 sequence-based analyses of phylogeny, population differentiation, gene flow, and hierarchical population structure all concordantly suggested that the pear psylla populations in Korea are neither genetically isolated nor hampered for gene flow. These genetic data are concordant with the dispersal of an overwintering winterform morph outside the non-pear habitat in the fall.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the community structure of arthropods, including various insect pests and their natural enemies, in walnut orchards. Furthermore, we tried to compare the species richness and community structure of arthropods by three different sampling methods, including beating, funnel trap, and pitfall trap. Arthropods were surveyed in three walnut orchards located at Gimcheon, Buyeo, and Hwaseong in South Korea from May to September, 2016. A total of 408 arthropod species were identified from 4,372 individuals, and 63 species were collected in all study sites. The species richness was the highest in funnel trap, while the abundance was the highest in pitfall trap. The species composition of the insects collected by the beating method was more similar to that of the funnel trap than the pitfall trap. Although the distributions of the economically important pests were different according to the study sites, six species, including Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Gastrolina depressa, Lycorma delicatula, Metcalfa pruinosa, and Pochazia shantungensis, are the potentially important pests in walnut orchards. We also found a variety of predators and parasitoids, which will be important for walnut pest management.