• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2019.08a
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• pp.283-284
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• 2019

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2019

Hepatic fibrosis is a common chronic liver diseases, characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is proliferative and fibrogenic and accumulating ECM. Transforming growth factor $(TGF)-{\beta}1$ is a critical mediator of HSC activation and ECM accumulation leading to fibrosis. Tenebrio molitor (TM), known as yellow mealworms, is reported in many countries as the nutritional value of foods. Our study has aims of finding liver function improvement effect of S. cerevisiae fermented Tenebrio molitor (SCTM) in vitro model. SCTM regulates $TGF-{\beta}1$ induced hepatic fibrosis via regulation of the $TGF-{\beta}1/Smad$ signaling. Also, we compared the components increased by yeast fermentation. It is possible to make a useful insect-derived alternative food in the improvement of hepatic liver disease.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.158.1-158.1
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• 2003

Carbofuran(CF) is one of the most widely used carbamate pesticides in the world applied for insect and nematode control. Due to its widespread use in agriculture and households, contamination of food, water, and air has become serious, and consequently adverse health effects are inevitable in humans, animals, wildlife and fish, it has reported that CF alone or in combination with other carbamate insecticides influences the level of reproductive and metabolic hormones such as thyroxine and corticosterone, and results in impairment of endocrine, immune behavioral functions. (omitted)

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.609-624
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• 2022

Tenebrio molitor larvae, as known as edible insects, has advantages of being rich in protein, and has been recognized as a suitable alternate protein source for broiler and pig feed. Moreover, given their ability to biodegrade polystyrene, a major pollutant, Tenebrio molitor larvae has been proposed as an innovative solution to environmental problems. In the present study, we investigated the toxicity of Tenebrio molitor larvae powder (TMlp) ingested with expanded-polystyrene (W/ eps) through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The objective of this study was to determine whether TMlp W/ eps can be applied as livestock alternative protein source. For in vitro experiments, cytotoxicity test was performed to investigate the effects of TMlp-extract on the viability of estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells. The possibility of estrogen response was investigated in two groups: Expanded-polystyrene-fed (W/ eps) TMlp group and without expanded-polystyrene-fed (W/o eps) TMlp group. For in vivo experiments, The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided based on the dosage of TMlp administered and oral administration was performed to every day for 5 weeks. A toxicological assessments were performed, which included clinical signs, food consumption, body and organ weights, hematology, serum chemistry, and hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver and kidney. There were no specific adverse effect of TMlp W/ eps-related findings under the experimental conditions of this study, but further studies on both sexes and animal species differences should be investigated. In conclusion, TMlp W/ eps was considered non-toxic and observed to be applicable as an alternative protein source for livestock feed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.229-238
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• 2022

Animal pollination is an important ecosystem service provided mostly by diverse insect groups such as bees and hover flies. Maintaining agricultural productivity and securing the nutritional balance are closely tied to human wellbeing. This study aimed to estimate the pollination dependent food production in Korean agricultural system. Crop production data were obtained from Korean statistical information service (KOSIS) data of 2015. By implementing pollination dependency, crop production and market price, contribution of insect pollination to crop production increase were estimated from total 71 crops including 12 cereals, 19 fruits, 18 field vegetables, 13 greenhouse vegetables and 9 specialty crops. Mean pollination dependency of all crops were 29.2% and it was higher on fruits, specialty crops and greenhouse vegetables as well, but low (7.5%) in cereal crops. Pollination dependent (PD) production was estimated as 17.8% of total agricultural crop production with the economic value of 6,850 (6,508-7,193) billion won. Especially, PD production of greenhouse vegetables accounted 49.2% followed by fruits of 42.9%. Even specialty crop also showed higher PD production (35.9%). It was obvious that pollination is the vital service for agricultural production as well as nutritional security in Korea. Further protection and enhancing the pollination service were discussed with integrated pollinator-pest management (IPPM) strategies.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 2016

Agricultural ecosystem is recognized as a space for providing a variety of services, in addition to the food production that it originally encompassed, such as water purification, biological habitat, air purification, soil conservation, and landscape development. The construction of greenhouses in agricultural landscapes can cause deterioration of ecosystem services because of the increase of impermeable area and loss of biological habitats. This study aimed to compare insect diversity between different types of constructed greenhouses and paddy ecosystems. The target study area was selected by considering the distribution status of horticultural complexes and was classified as Single Vinyl Greenhouse, Multi Vinyl Greenhouse or Glass Greenhouse and they were compared with four paddies. The study locations were in Gu-Mi, Bu-Yeo, Ginje and Jin-Ju. A total of 2,333 individual insects belonging to 9 orders, 38 families, 76 genus, and 80 species were collected. The composition of orders was Hemiptera (22.37%), Coleoptera (18.42%), Hymenoptera (14.47%), Orthoptera (11.84%), and Diptera (10.53%). The average number of collected species were in the order Paddy (39.38 species) > Single Vinyl Greenhouse (35.50 species) > Multi Vinyl Greenhouse (22.50 species) > Glass Greenhouse (24.00 species). The Diversity Index (H') was Paddy (4.76) > Single Vinyl Greenhouse (4.57) > Multi Vinyl Greenhouse (4.12), and Glass Greenhouse (4.12). The Richness Index (RI) was Paddy (7.72) and Single Vinyl Greenhouse (7.03) > Multi Vinyl Greenhouse (4.99) and Glass Greenhouse (5.32). From our results, it can be seen that the biological diversity features of insects decreased when greenhouses are constructed.However, Single Vinyl Greenhouse is noted to promote insect diversity more than that by Multi Vinyl Greenhouse and Glass Greenhouse. Hence, when constructing greenhouses, it is necessary to consider insect habitat to conserve insect diversity.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2014

Pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 strain was evaluated against Morophagoides moriutii larvae. In Petridish tests, insect mortality by the nematode was dose dependent, which increased with dose from 5 to 160 infective juveniles(IJs)/larva. Pathogenicity against fourth-instar larvae was higher than the rate of corresponding second- and third-instar larvae, showing 100% insect mortality with the dose of 40 IJs/$4^{th}$ instar larva and 80 IJs/$2^{nd}$ or $3^{rd}$ instar larvae. Lethal concentration values at 50% ($LC_{50}$) of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain were 4.2 IJs/$2^{nd}$ instar larva; 8.5 IJs/$3^{rd}$ instar larva; and 2.3 IJs/$4^{th}$ instar larva, respectively. The number of nematodes established in M. moriutii larvae after infection increased in the increment of dose and insect developmental stage. The highest number of nematodes was harvested from fourth instar larvae of M. moriutii at a dose of 160 IJs per larva, showing 22.5 nematodes per insect larva. Nematode reproductive capacity was related to insect developmental stage, showing 6,335 IJs/$2^{nd}$ instar larva, 21,660 IJs/$3^{rd}$ instar larvae, and 88,700 IJs/$4^{th}$ instar larvae.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2021

As a baseline study of (common name) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to utilize as a food source, we investigated the developmental characteristics of ovaries and eggs. Locusta migratoria had a pair of ovaries and more than 90-104 panoistic ovarioles. The ovary length in the adult stage was longer than it is in the 5th nymph stage. The length on the first day of the adult stage was 2.5-fold longer than the first day of 5^th instar. The ovary length showed a tendency to increase until the 30th day of the adult phase, but decreased from the 35^th day. Ovarioles length was about half of the ovary length, showing a similar tendency to the variation of ovary length. The lengths of the ovaries and the ovarioles increased proportionally to body weight. The matured eggs were identifiable from the 15^th day of the adult stage, and the number was the highest on the 30^th day at 50.6 individuals. Spermatheca size was also affected by the ovary development. The ovaries of L. migratoria were highly matured until the 30th day of adult stage. Weight and size of eggs increased sharply from the 4th day after egg oviposition and remained from the 7th day after spawning. Based on the above results, we found that the ovary of L. migratoria was most developed on the 30th day of adult phase, and 1st nymph is being hatched on the 10th day of the oviposition.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.739-742
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• 2014

This study investigated the effect of perforation by the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) larvae on various flexible food-packaging films, in relation to their thickness and type. Among the various flexible packaging films, polyethylene (PE), aluminum foil (AF), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were selected for this study due to their wide usage in food packaging. Based on their thickness, film penetration by P. interpunctella larvae was measured as in following order: PP, $20{\mu}m$; AF, $9{\mu}m$; PET, $12{\mu}m$; PP, $30{\mu}m$; PS, $30{\mu}m$; PE, $40{\mu}m$; PE, $35{\mu}m$; PS, $60{\mu}m$; and PET, $16{\mu}m$. P. interpunctella larvae rapidly penetrated through the packaging films regardless of their thickness and type. In particular, it was observed that PP of $20{\mu}m$ and PS of $30{\mu}m$ were completely penetrated by P. interpunctella larvae within 72 h, rendering thin PP and PS films less valuable as anti-insect packaging films. Our results show that the perforations by P. interpunctella larvae were observed in the thin films. These results imply that each packaging film has a marginal thickness against the perforations by P. interpunctella larvae.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.339-353
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• 2003

The rapid increase in food borne illness outbreaks in Korea has been one of the major threats to the Nation's Health. Foodservice establishments have been identified as the major place for these outbreaks, mainly due to the lack of sanitary management and sanitary facility management practices. The purposes of the study were to develop hospital foodservice facility evaluation tools, based on the general HACCP-based standards and guidelines, for hospital food service establishments, to ensure the safety of these foodservices and to reduce the risk of food home illness. The scope of this study included: 1) an assessment of the current foodservice sanitation practices and managements for 6 general hospitals, with more than 400 beds, and 3 general hospitals, with less than 400 beds; 2) the development of foodservice establishments sanitation evaluation tools and sanitation standards, based on the HACCP system. The survey data showed varied results between the hospitals surveyed. Most of the hospital foodservice operations had many problems with ventilation and the plumbing. The total dimensional mean scores for the hospitals with more than 400 beds and less than 400 beds were 31.5 and 27.0, respectively. The highest dimension scores were for the water supply facility and lighting, with the lowest for insect and rodent control and toxic materials management. The levels of the mean scores were very low, especially for the general hospitals with less than 400 beds. These low mean scores may have arisen from critical problems within the hospital foodservice operations. The most needed facility management items for improvement were: storage shelf should be spaced 6 inches from the floor and walls, the use of three compartment sinks, utility sinks and cleaning facilities, with a floor drain for cleaning mops or liquid wastes, a ventilation hood designed to prevent dripping onto food, cooking facilities should be disassembled for washing and sanitizing, a separated hand washing sink and a sanitized food board for each area should be provided, all toxic material must have warning labels attached, and be stored in an area away from food preparation under padlock. The evaluation tool consisted of 14 dimensions, with 65 check-off items. The results of this study will provide basic facilities' guidelines to regulators, or foodservice industry personnel, wishing to build, or expend, and establish an efficient flow of food. As a result, food borne illnesses will be effectively prevented, and the Nation's health will be promoted for the development of their own sanitation standards, with a checklist for the safe production of foods.