• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2004

시판되고 있는 61종 살충제에 대한 식이법으로 바퀴(Blattella germanica) 수컷성충의 우수 살충제를 탐색하고, 활성이 있는 약제를 이용하여 처리부위와 검정법에 따른 감수성 차이와 발현속도를 비교하였다. 식이법에서 $90\%$ 이상의 살충률을 나타낸 세 약제중에서 dichlorvos, fenitrothion, fipronil약제를 선발하여, 식이법과 여지접촉법으로 살충력을 비교한 결과, dichlorvos와 fenitrothion은 여지접촉법에서, fipronil은 식이법에서 더 높은 감수성을 나타내었다. 처리부위(머리, 가슴, 배, 다리)에 따라서는 dichlorvos와 fenitrothion은 머리처리에서, fipronil은 가슴처리에서 감수성이 가장 높았다. Fenitrothion과 fipronil의 $LT_{50}$(일)은 각각 1.05와 0.98로 속효성이었으며, boric acid와 hydramethylnon은 각각 3.92와 2.26으로 지효성이였다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2004

시판되고 있는 61종 살충제와 바퀴전문약제 2종에 대한 식이법으로 이질바퀴 (Periplaneta americana) 수컷성충의 우수 살충제를 탐색하고, 활성이 있는 약제를 이용하여 처리부위와 검정법에 따른 감수성 차이와 발현속도를 비교하였다. 식이법에서 100%의 살충률을 나타낸 dichlorvos, benfuracarb, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, $\zeta$-cypermethrin, $\lambda$-cyhalothrin, fipronil등 8종 약제를 선발하여, 식이법과 여지접촉법으로 살충력을 비교한 결과, dichlorvos와 fenpropathrin은 여지접촉법에서, benfuracarb는 식이법에서 더 높은 감수성을 나타내었다. 미량국소처리법으로 처리부위 (머리, 가슴, 배, 다리)에 따른 약제비교에서는 dichlorvos, benfuracarb, $\lambda$-cyhalothrin은 머리에서, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenpropathrin은 배에서 감수성이 가장 높았다. Dichlorvos, benfuracarb, $\lambda$-cyhalothrin의 $LT_{50}$ (일)은 각각 0.10, 0.29, 0.12로 속효성이었으며, boric acid와 byamethylnon은 각각 6.2와 4.8로 지효성이었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.900-908
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• 2020

This study was conducted to partially replace fish meal with black soldier fly (BSF) larvae or mealworm (MW) larvae in the diet for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A tuna by-product meal (27%) was used as the protein source in a control (Con) diet, which was replaced with 20%, 40%, or 60% BSF (designated as BSF20, BSF40, and BSF60, respectively), or MW (MW20, MW40, and MW60, respectively). The shrimp (average body weight, 0.09 g) were randomly stocked in 28 acrylic tanks and quadruplicate groups were fed one of the experimental diets six times daily. After 57 days of the feeding trial, growth and feed efficiency were significantly higher in shrimp that were fed the BSF40 and BSF60 diets than those in shrimp fed the Con diet. Phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and gene expression of crustin were significantly higher in shrimp fed BSF or MW diets than those in shrimp fed the Con diet. The results indicate that BSF or MW could be used as a fish meal replacement or as a functional protein source in diets and can help improve the growth, feed utilization, innate immunity and antioxidant capacity of Pacific white shrimp.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.342-354
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• 2021

Purpose: Obesity is a serious public health issue for the modern society and is considered a chronic health hazard. There are many surgical and pharmacological approaches to treat obesity. However, various potentially hazardous side effects remain the biggest challenge. Therefore, diets based on foods derived from natural products have gained increasing attention compared to anti-obesity drugs. Recently, research on edible insects as a food source has been a topic of considerable interest in the scientific communities. This study examined the anti-obesity effects of ingesting an edible insect by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse models with a diet containing Tenebrio molitor larvae powder (TMLP). Methods: Six-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups according to treatment: 100% normal diet (ND), 100% HFD (HFD), HFD 99% + TMLP 1% (TMLP), and HFD 97% + TMLP 3% (TMLP 3%). TMLP was added to the HFD for 6 weeks for the latter two groups. Results: Compared to the HFD group, mice in the TMLP group showed weight loss, and micro-computed tomographic imaging revealed that the volume of the adipose tissue in the abdominal area also showed significant reduction. After an autopsy, the fat weight was found to be significantly reduced in the TMLP group compared to the HFD group. In addition, the degree of fat cell deposition in the liver tissue and the size of the adipocytes significantly decreased in the TMLP group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis for the mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes namely CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP-β, C/EBP-δ), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) showed that the expression levels of these genes were significantly reduced in the TMLP group compared to the HFD group. Serum leptin level also decreased significantly in the TMLP group in the comparison with the HFD group. In addition, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels in mouse serum also decreased in the TMLP group. Conclusion: Taken together, our results showed that TMLP effectively inhibited adipocyte growth and reduced body weight in obese mice.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

항암작용과 간 질환을 예방하는 약용곤충으로 널리 알려진 흰점박이꽃무지 유충은 2016년 12월 일반식품으로 등록되었으나 판매가가 높아 소비가 활발하게 이루어지지 않고 있어 생산 단가를 낮추는 기술이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 흰점박이꽃무지의 생산 비용을 절감하고 생산성을 향상시키기 위해 농업부산물인 새송이버섯 수확 후 배지와 표고버섯 수확 후 배지를 유충의 먹이로 급이하여 생육특성과 미량성분, 중금속함량을 조사하였고 대조구로는 관행으로 사용되고 있는 참나무 발효톱밥을 급이하였다. 새송이버섯 수확 후 배지를 급이한 처리구가 유충사육기간이 16.2일로 가장 짧았고 유충 무게 증가율과 고치 무게는 각각 156.3%와 4.1 g이었다. 새송이버섯 수확 후 배지를 급이한 처리구에서 용화율은 100%였고 우화율은 93.9%로 가장 높았지만 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 또한 총질소함량도 10.28%로 가장 높았고 미량원소 중 철은 145.8 mg/kg으로 다른 먹이와 비교해 높은 결과를 보였다. 성충의 산란선호성은 먹이 간 통계적 유의차가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합하였을 때 기존에 사용하고 있는 참나무 발효톱밥 대신 새송이버섯 수확 후 배지를 먹이로 사용하면 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 100 kg 당 667,960원의 비용이 감소할 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2011

본 연구는 감귤에 발생하는 해충인 네눈쑥가지나방의 실내 사육용 인공사료를 개발하고자 수행하였다. 인공사료의 주 재료로 옥수수와 메주콩을 조합한 사료에서만 정상적으로 발육하였으며, 옥수수와 메주콩의 전체 함량이 높은 사료에서 유충 생존성이 높았다. 효모와 콜레스테롤을 인공사료에 첨가하였을 때, 유충 발육기간은 짧아지고, 생존율은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 발육기간, 누적 생존율, 산란량에 차이는 인공사료와 감귤 잎을 먹은 개체들 간에 없었다. 최종적으로 네눈쑥가지나방 사육에 최적인 인공사료 조성은 물 1 L당 한천 25 g, 옥수수 100 g, 메주콩 100 g, 효모 30 g, 콜레스테롤 0.5 g, 비타민혼합물(Vanderzant vitamin mix.) 2 g, 염혼합물(Wesson's salt mix.) 2 g, 소르브산 2 g, 메틸파라벤(methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate) 2.5 g, 아스코르브산 2 g이었다. 사육법으로 유충은 플라스틱 원형용기(${\varphi}90{\times}40$ mm) 안에서, 갓 부화 유충부터 4령까지는 40마리씩 집단으로, 5령과 6령은 개체별 사육하였다. 성충들에는 10% 설탕물을 먹이로 하여 플라스틱 상자 안($25{\times}25{\times}25$ cm)에서 암컷 3마리와 수컷 5~6마리가 교미하도록 했고, 난괴는 거즈(눈 크기 1 mm)를 붙인 기름종이에 받았다. 기타 인공사료로 사육한 네눈쑥가지나방의 발육단계별 형태적 특징에 대하여 기술하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2017

Aster yomena (AY) have been used as a traditional medicine to treat cough, bronchial asthma, and insect bites in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice by AY ethanol extract. Lipid accumulation measurement indicates that AY markedly inhibited adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ ($PPAR-{\gamma}$) in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly down-regulated by AY treatment. And inhibited the expression of FAS, a protein responsible for lipid synthesis, transport and storage. Oral administration of AY (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg, P.O/daily for 4 weeks) was conducted in high-fat diet induced obese mice and C57BL/6 mice. AY was orally administered for 4 weeks to extract liver and epididymal fat, and hematoxylin and eosin staining(H&E staining) was observed. Observation showed that the fat concentration of liver tissue tended to decrease dose-dependently and decreased significantly at 500 mg/kg concentration. The AY-administered group of HFD-induced mice had a lower body weight gain, along with decreased triglycerides and total cholesterol compared with the control mice, however, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was increased. These results indicate that AY exhibits anti-obesity effects in obese mice by decreasing in serum lipid levels and lipogenesis related gene.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

Feeding is an important aspect of insect nutrition which in turn supports growth, development, reproduction and survival. The impact of quantitative feeding on nutritional parameters of fifth instar Antheraea mylitta larvae was studied by providing fresh leaves of Terminalia tomentosa for 1 to 4 times a day. All the parameters improved upon providing fresh diets more times over the single diet (1FD). The absolute body weight increased with increase in number of feeds/day significantly (P<0.001). While the maximum weight recorded was 29.61 g in 1FD, the respective weights for two feeds/day (2FD), three feeds/day (3FD) and four feeds/day (4FD) were 39.41 g, 40.63 g and 42.66 g respectively. Feeding period and instar duration were declined (P<0.001) and survival increased significantly (P<0.001) upon increase in the number of diets. Nutritional indices like ingestion, digestion, relative consumption rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR) and gain in body weight increased significantly with the increase in number of feeds/day, but approximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) declined, while efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) did not change.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.979-986
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• 2016

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profiles in weaning pigs. A total of 120 weaning pigs ($28{\pm}3days$ and $8.04{\pm}0.08kg$ of body weight) were allotted to one of five treatments, based on sex and body weight, in 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen by a randomized complete block design. Supplementation level of dried mealworm was 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, or 6.0% in experimental diet as treatment. Two phase feeding programs (phase I from 0 day to 14 day, phase II from 14 day to 35 day) were used in this experiment. All animals were allowed to access diet and water ad libitum. During phase I, increasing level of dried mealworm in diet linearly improved the body weight (p<0.01), average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.01) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.01). During phase II, ADG also tended to increase linearly when pigs were fed higher level of dried mealworm (p = 0.08). In addition, increasing level of dried mealworm improved the ADG (p<0.01), ADFI (p<0.05) and tended to increase gain to feed ratio (p = 0.07) during the whole experimental period. As dried mealworm level was increased, nitrogen retention and digestibility of dry matter as well as crude protein were linearly increased (p = 0.05). In the results of blood profiles, decrease of blood urea nitrogen (linear, p = 0.05) and increase of insulin-like growth factor (linear, p = 0.03) were observed as dried mealworm was increased in diet during phase II. However, there were no significant differences in immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG concentration by addition of dried mealworm in the growth trial. Consequently, supplementation of dried mealworm up to 6% in weaning pigs' diet improves growth performance and nutrient digestibility without any detrimental effect on immune responses.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2021

This study evaluated the effect of microwave-dried black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (HILM) as a dietary protein source for broiler diets. A total of 250 male broilers were randomly allocated to five dietary treatment groups (10 replicates and 5 birds·pen^-1) which were respectively fed the following: a control diet (HI0) and four experimental diets in which soybean meal was replaced with 2 (HI2), 4, 6, and 8% HILM. At the end of the study (35 d), blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected broilers (1 bird per pen) to determine serum parameters. Then, the broilers were slaughtered to determine volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles in cecal digesta. The average daily gain and average daily feed intake linearly decreased (p < 0.01), and the feed conversion ratio linearly increased (p < 0.05) according to the inclusion level of HILM; however, there were no significant differences between the HI0 and HI2 groups. Dietary HILM increased (p < 0.01) the total VFAs in cecal digesta and decreased (p < 0.05) the triglyceride level in the blood. The broilers fed HILM had lower (p < 0.01) serum phosphorus levels; dietary HILM increased (p < 0.05) the serum calcium level. The total VFAs in cecal digesta were positively influenced by the dietary microwave-dried HILM. However, a low inclusion level (2%) of HILM in broiler diets is proper in terms of growth performance and health.