• Title/Summary/Keyword: inorganic salts

Search Result 206, Processing Time 0.039 seconds

Effect of Inorganic Salts on Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Using Sulfide Photocatalysts under Visible Light Irradiation (가시광선하에서 황화물계 광촉매를 이용한 로다민 B의 광분해 반응에 대한 무기염의 영향)

  • Lee, Gun Dae;Jin, Youngeup;Park, Seong Soo;Hong, Seong Soo
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
    • /
    • v.28 no.6
    • /
    • pp.655-662
    • /
    • 2017
  • Sulfide photocatalysts, CdS and CdZnS, were synthesized using a simple precipitation method and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. The effects of four inorganic salt additives, KCl, NaCl, $K_3PO_4$, and $Na_3PO_4$, on the photocatalytic reaction were examined and the role of $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$ and $PO_4{^{3-}}$ ions during photocatalytic reaction was discussed. The added inorganic salts were shown to have a remarkable effect on the photocatalytic reaction. It was also found that the anions in inorganic salts have a much more profound effect on the reaction rate, as compared to the cations. Under the present experimental conditions, $PO_4{^{3-}}$ revealed a significant inhibitory effect on the degradation rate whereas $Cl^-$ enhanced the rate slightly. This work pointed out that the consideration of additive effects is needed in the photocatalytic reaction for wastewater treatment.

Effects of Divalent Cations on Alkaline Hydrolysis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fabric (2가 양이온이 폴리에틸렌 텔레프탈레이트 직물의 알칼리 가수분해에 미치는 영향)

  • Dho, Seong Kook;Choi, Chin Hyup
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
    • /
    • v.7 no.4
    • /
    • pp.61-73
    • /
    • 1995
  • Inorganic salts have negative or positive effects on the rates of many chemical reactions and also the rates of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of carboxylic esters. The direction of salt effects on the hydrolysis of ester depends on the charge of esters. It is expected that the rate of the alkaline hydrolysis of Poly(ethylene terephthalte)(PET), polymeric solid carboxytic polyester with carboxyl end group at the polymer end, is also influenced by inorganic salts. In the present work, to clarify the effect of divalent cations on the alkaline hydrolysis of PET, many salts with divalent cations like $MgCl_{2},CaCl_{2},SrCl_{2},BaCl_{2},$ were added to the aqueous alkaline solutions. Then PET was hydrolyzed with aqueous NaOH solution having many salts under various conditions. Some conclusions obtained from the experimental results were summarized as follows. Many salts with various divalent cations increased or decreased the reaction rate of alkaline hydrolysis of PET depending on their electrophilicity, hydration property, ability of ion pair formation, solubility, and the degree of interactions between divalent cations and anions, etc. The hydrolysis was interrupted in the order of $Ca^{+2} and was generally accelerated in the order of $Ba^{+2}. It was inferred from the increase in ΔS$^*$and the decrease in the ΔG$^*$that the divalent cations $Sr^{+2}$ and $Ba^{+2}$attracted by PET increased the collision frequency between carbonyl carbon and $OH^{-}$ion and then accelerated the reaction rate. $Mg^{+2}$and $Ca^{+2}$decreased the reaction rate because of their strong interaction with $OH^{-}$.

  • PDF

An experimental study of the deposition of inorganic salts from seeded combustion gases by optical methods (광학적 방법에 의한 연소 개스에 포함된 알칼리 금속 염의 부착에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 김상수;우성구
    • Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.55-63
    • /
    • 1985
  • This study is focused on deposition process leading to inefficiency and hot corrosion in fossil fuel-fired furnaces and engines. An improved understanding of the coupled thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport processes governing the deposition rate of inorganic oxides and salts from hot gases containing these compounds can suggest more efficient test strategies and control measures. Accordingly, an optical re-evaporation method for accurately measuring the growth rate of deposits under laboratory burner conditions has been developed. To demonstrate the technique and provide data suitable for theoretical model development, a deliberately simple chemical system and target geometry are used. Potassium sulfate(K$_{2}$SO$_{4}$)is introduced into a premixed propane-air flat flame at atmospheric pressure. The growth rate of $K_{2}$SO$_{4}$ on an electrically heated Pt ribbon is measured by re-evaporation technique.

  • PDF

Effect of Media Compositions on Mycelial Growth of L. edodes

  • Park, Won-Sun;Ji, Yeong-Min;Choe, Jeong-U;Hong, Eok-Gi
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2001.11a
    • /
    • pp.363-366
    • /
    • 2001
  • This study was to investigate the effects of media components on the mycelial growth of Lentinus eclodes, including C-source. N-source, Inorganic salts, and c/N ratio. Glucose and yeast extract were selected as C-source and N-source, respectively. $KH_2PO_4,\;K_2HPO_4,\;MGSO_4,\;7H_2O$ as inorganic salts were added. When glucose concentration was 30g/L and yeast extract concentration was 20g/L, indicating that C/N ratio was 1.5, the cell mass was about 9g/L.

  • PDF

Effects of Environmental and Nutritional Conditions on Fibrinolytic enzyme Production from Bacillus subtilis BK-17 in Flask Culture (플라스크 배양에서 Bacillus subtilis BK-17의 혈전용해효소 생산에 대한 환경 및 영양 조건의 영향)

  • 최원아;이진욱;이경희;박성훈
    • KSBB Journal
    • /
    • v.13 no.5
    • /
    • pp.491-496
    • /
    • 1998
  • The production of fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis BK-17 was studied in the shake flask cultures. The important medium components studied include nitrogen source, carbon source and inorganic salts. The environmental conditions include initial pH, temperature, shaking speed and working volume. Among various N-sources, C-sources and inorganic salts tested, soybean flour, D-glucose and Na2HPO4 gave the best results, and their optimal concentrations were 1.5%, 0.5% and 0.05%, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature were 9.0 and 37$^{\circ}C$. With decreasing working volume in the range of 25∼100ml in the 250ml flask or increasing shaking speed in the range of 100∼300rpm, the enzyme production was greatly enhanced. The enzyme activity under the optimal conditions was about 1400I.U./ml with urokinase as a standard.

  • PDF

Development of Metal Complex Dyestuffs with High Fastness and High Adsorption (고견뢰도 및 고흡진율 특성의 금속 착염 염료의 개발)

  • Kim, Woon-Tai;Nam, Won-Woo;Sohn, Byoung-Chung
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.12 no.2
    • /
    • pp.115-120
    • /
    • 1995
  • Diazotization of 2-Amino-5-nitrophenol was Synthesized by the direct diazotization method. The diazonium salts are usually stabilized in the from of double salts. The double salts of zinc chloride are the Commonest, and the double salt method is Specially applicable to the yield-up of coupling. The azo dye(2-naphthol-1-(2'-diazo-5'-nitrophenol)) is Converted into a chromium Complex by heating($100^{\circ}C$) with chromic formate, and DMF. The removal of inorganic salts from dyestuffs was performed in DMF solvent. This effect was more pronounced. From these results, It was obtained to liquid dyestuffs of metal complex with High fastness and high adsorption.

Adsorption Characteristics of Strong Basic Anion Exchanger to Cellulose Reactive Dye (강 염기성 음이온 교환수지의 셀룰로우스 섬유용 반응성 염료에 대한 흡착 특성)

  • Lim, Gyeong-Eun;Chung, Paul-gene;Kwon, Ji-Young
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.27-32
    • /
    • 2007
  • This study focused on estimating the feasibility of a strong basic anion exchanger (PA312OH) as a sorbent for the removal of residual reactive dye and saving chemicals and water. Cellulose reactive dye C.I.RB49 was tested because reactive dye is the largest single group of dyes and that dye needs larger amount of inorganic salts as dyeing agent but nearly 50% of reactive dyes may be lost to the effluent. The adsorption characteristics of PA312OH for C.I.RB49 were as follows. Ion-selectivity among the dye and inorganic salts was Dye > ${SO_4}^{2-}$ > ${CO_3}^{2-}$ > $Cl^-$. C.I.RB49 was exchanged more than 3 times ${SO_4}^{2-}$ and ${CO_3}^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ was not exchanged absolutely. The exchanging velocity was increased exponentially with increasing temperature. This result is positive effect on treating the high temperature dyeing process wastewater. The exchanged dye percents to initial were 96.8% and 99% at flow rate 20.5 mL/min. and 3.7 mL/min.. The exchanging capacity of PA312OH for C.I.RB49 was 215.2 mg/g at conc.=369.2 mg/L, Temp.=$25^{\circ}C$. 74% inorganic salts were recrystallized from real dark reactive color dyeing wastewater treated with PA312OH.

Transdermal Permeation-enhancing Activities of some Inorganic Anions

  • Ko, Young-Il;Kim, Sung-Su;Han, Suk-Kyu
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
    • /
    • v.18 no.4
    • /
    • pp.231-236
    • /
    • 1995
  • Effects of sodium salts of various monovalent inorganic anions on transdermal permeation of salicylic acid were investigated. In in-vitro experiment using a Franz-type diffusion cell and excisicylic acid were investigated. In-vitro experiment using a Franze-type diffusion cell and excised mouse skin, the permeation-enhancing activities of the sodium salts of inoraganic anions were rougly proportional to lyotropic Hofmeister serlling abilities of the anions l F/sup -/

  • PDF