• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1971

As a result of analyzing the change of material substance of all sorts biochemically and comparing the control with ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation (800${\gamma}$, 40 Min), incubating the silkworm eggs (Bombyx mori L.) as the objective in the process of growth of embyro shortly before hatching, the following conclusion has been found. 1. Ascorbic acid has shown the maximum increase of 319 r/g in the Byong B embyro stage and in other words it has increased during the period of vigorous metabolism of the materials in eggs but it has decreased before hatching after that period. 2. Triglyceride has shown the increase of 27.54 mg/g in the Byong A stage, the early period of incubation and in other words it has increased in the period of activation of cells in eggs but it has gradually decreased during the growth of embyro after that period. Great change of either total cholesterol or free cholesterol has not been shown from the early period till shortly before hatching. 3. Free fatty acid has shown the minimum decrease of 257.4$\mu$ mole/g in the Byong A stage in which triglyceride increases greatly. On the contrary, it has shown the increase of 1, 020.0$\mu$ mole/g in Ki A stage in which triglyceride decreases. As a whole, the fact that free fatty acid increases according to the growth of embyro in eggs has been found. 4. Glucose has shown the increase of 281.2 mg/g in control during tile Pigment stage and it has shown the increase of 179.6 mg/g in ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation during the same period. The difference in quantity between the former and the latter is due to the fact that the growth of embyro has been influenced by the radio active. Glucose has changed with free fatty acid and phosphorus the other way round. 5. Control organic phosphorus has shewh the increase of 5.23mg/g during the Byong B or Ki A in which organ and tissue in the emhyro has been formed. Organic phosphorus in ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation has shown the increase of 5.73mg/g during Ki B. Inorganic phosphorus has shown only a little change in the control and ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation. The phosphorus in both has shown a little quantity in the ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation in the early period of incubation. After the Ki A embyro, it has increased rapidly and it has increased till the hatching more continually than in control. The about results of the research will be helpful and instructive to the betterment and improvement, breeding and management of animals and plants.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2000

Chromatographic retention mechanism of seven benzoic acids in RPLC were investigated. Inorganic salt is pertinent for the measurement of dead time in benzoic acid. Logarthims of capacity factor (log k') and Hildebrand solubility parameter (${\delta}$) showed proportional relationship which imply the hydrophobic effect of the retention mechanism in RPLC. Enthalpies of solute transfer showed inverse proportion to temperature and organic modifier ratio of the mobile phase. It was found that the S value showed positive slope in plot of log k' vs. volume fraction of water in mobile phase. Free energy change increases with increasing organic volume fraction. The hydrophobicity index, ${\varphi}_0$(organic volume fraction) is inversely proportional to column temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1048-1060
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• 2005

Dietary acidifiers appear to be a possible alternative to feed antibiotics in order to improve performance of weaning pigs. It is generally known that dietary acidifiers lower gastric pH, resulting in increased activity of proteolytic enzymes, improved protein digestibility and inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in GI tract. It is also hypothesized that acidifiers could be related to reduction of gastric emptying rate, energy source in intestine, chelation of minerals, stimulation of digestive enzymes and intermediate metabolism. However, the exact mode of action still remains questionable. Organic acidifiers have been widely used for weaning pigs' diets for decades and most common organic acidifiers contain fumaric, citric, formic and/or lactic acid. Many researchers have observed that dietary acidifier supplementation improved growth performance and health status in weaning pigs. Recently inorganic acidifiers as well as organic acidifiers have drawn much attention due to improving performance of weaning pigs with a low cost. Several researchers introduced the use of salt form of acidifiers because of convenient application and better effects than pure state acids. However, considerable variations in results of acidifier supplementation have been reported in response of weaning pigs. The inconsistent responses to dietary acidifiers could be explained by feed palatability, sources and composition of diet, supplementation level of acidifier and age of animals.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.631-638
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• 2019

As automation systems become more common, there is growing interest in functional labeling systems using organic and inorganic hybrid materials. Especially, the demand for thermally and chemically stable labeling paper that can be used in a high temperature environment above $300^{\circ}C$ and a strong acid and base atmosphere is increasing. In this study, a composite coating solution for the development of labeling paper with excellent thermal and chemical stability is prepared by mixing a silica inorganic binder and titanium dioxide. The silica inorganic binder is synthesized using a sol-gel process and mixed with titanium dioxide to improve whiteness at high-temperature. Adhesion between the polyimide substrate and the coating layer is secured and the surface properties of the coating layer, including the thermal and chemical stability, are investigated in detail. The effects of the coating solution dispersion on the surface properties of the coating layer are also analyzed. Finally, it is confirmed that the developed functional labeling paper showed excellent printability.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2009

In this study, we used the hybrid module that was composed of granular activated carbons (GAC) packing between module inside and outside of tubular ceramic microfiltration membrane for advanced drinking water treatment. Instead of natural organic matters (NOM) and fine inorganic particles in natural water source, modified solution was prepared with humic acid and kaolin. $N_2$-back-flushing of 10 sec was performed per every period of 10 min to minimize membrane fouling and to improve permeate flux (J). As a result, resistance of membrane fouling ($R_f$) decreased and J increased as concentration of humic acid changed from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L step by step, and finally the highest total permeate volume ($V_T$) could be obtained at 2 mg/L. Then, treatment efficiencies of turbidity and $UV_{254}$ absorbance were excellent above 99.36% and 97.19%, respectively, but that of $UV_{254}$ absorbance for only microfiltration without GAC at 10 mg/L of humic acid was decreased a little as 90.84%.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

The combined impact of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) fouling and inorganic ($CaSO_4,Ca_3(PO_4)_2$) scaling on the retention of TNT (2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene), RDX (Hexahydro-1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazine) and HMX (1, 3, 5, 7-Tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocane) explosive contaminants by nano-filtration membrane were studied, since organic fouling and salt scaling are the major limitations for membrane filtration. Results reported here indicate that DOM fouling layer with a humic acid does not necessarily lead to an immediate loss of permeate flux but can result in a severe impact on the flux loss when both humic acid and inorganic scaltants were presented simultaneously. The $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$ mixed with humic acid showd most sever flux loss (42%) compared to that of only humic acid presence (8%). It could be a result that the scaling formation of the NF membrane was dominated by cake layer formation of DOM and it was along with pore blocking by the formation of crystals inside the porous active matrix of the NF membrane. In addition, these results indicated that the membrane selectivity of the explosives retention trended correlated with respect to increasing explosives size (listed by MW) based on greater steric interactions and followed the order (MW, g $mol^{-1}$; removal, %): HMX (296.15; 83%) ${\gg}$ RDX (222.12; 49%) ≋ TNT (227.13; 32%). Because the scaling and fouling layer could lead to a additional cake-enhanced concentration polarisation effect, the retention of explosives with the presence of humic acid in the feed solution and inorganic scaling formation on top of an organic fouling layer do not differ substantially retention from that of pure DI feed and NaCl solution.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Nonclassical pathway of crystallization has been utilized to modify the properties and morphologies of inorganic and organic/inorganic materials. In here, the polymer-directed crystallization method has been applied to the pharmaceutical active ingredient to assess the applicability for as a particle engineering tool. The polymer-directed crystallization was successful to modifying the crystal size, habit and morphology, but it was not effective to discover the novel polymorphs of Sibutramine (SB). SB was selected as a model drug and polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene imine (PEI) and chitosan (CHI) were added as a crystallization pathway modifier. SB was crystallized via drowning crystallization using methanol or ethanol as a solvent and water as a non-solvent. The significant interactions between polymer and the drug were confirmed by measuring the solubility of the drug in presence of polymer during the crystallization. The crystal forms of SB are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). The polymer-directed crystallization seems to be able to modify the crystal properties of pharmaceutical active ingredient, which is critical in determining the bioavailability, processability, and stability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.50-58
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics and propagation methods of L. obtusiloba as a woody landscape plant. The results are obtained as follows: L. obtusiloba was dioecious shrub and shaped with bush type. Leaves were ovate, obtuse, cordate, 7.05 cm long, 7.20 cm wide, and petiole 2.0 cm long. Flowers of L. obtusiloba were diclinous. Soil acidity ranged from pH 4.06 to 5.53 with the lowest at the Mt. Soo-Ri. Mt. Soo-Ri located near factory district, which was considered to damaged by environmental deteoration. While soil organic matter was highest at Mt. Soo-Ri, inorganic nutrients were low. L. obtusiloba grows in the area with low soil acidity and low content of inorganic. Therefore it seemed to be tolerant to air pollution. L. Obtusiloba was high seed germination rate in the plug box and its shoots were longer than seeding box and softwood cutting of L. obtusiloba showed the rooting rate of 50% at 5,000ppm on June 23. To develop a mass propagation method of Korean native L. obtusiloba through an axillary bud culture as a woody landscape plant, about 2∼3 cm shoots induced from explant were subcultured to new media contained different growth regulators. Shoots multiplied most effectively on a WPM containing 1.0 mg/l BA, producing 5.5 shoots with a shoot length of 2.5 cm per shoot explant.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.729-735
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Germaniwn(Ge) treatment in the culture media on the Ge absorption by the callus induced from brown rice cv. Dongjinbyeo. MS medium was more effective on the growth ratio of callus and the content of Ge and some inorganic elements except K in callus than N$_{6}$ medium. The more Ge treatment in the N$_{6}$ or MS medium, the more Ge absorption by the callus, but the growth ratio of callus and the content of Ca, Mg, and K in callus were decreased. The content of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu was increased under treatment up to 100～200mg /$\ell$ Ge, but tended to be decreased under treatment more than that of Ge concentration. Under treatment less than 150mg /$\ell$ Ge, GeO$_2$(inorganic Ge) was more effective on the Ge absorption by callus than Ge-132(organic Ge), but Ge-132 was more effective on the Ge ab-sorption by callus and the activity of callus in case of treatment more than 150mg /$\ell$ Ge. The lower pH of culture medium, the higher Ge content in the callus. When callus was cultured on medium supplemented with Ge and 0.1～1.0mM of citric acid or myo-inositol, content of Ge and some inorganic elements in callus, as well as growth and dry weight of callus, were tend to increase in comparison to control, but myo-inositol was more effective on them than citric acid.cid.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.278-281
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• 2009

Proton exchange membrane is the key material for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Currently widely-used perfluorosulfonic acid membranes have some disadvantages, such as low thermal stability, easy swelling, excessive crossover of methanol and high price etc. Other membranes, including sulfonated polymer, radiation grafted membranes, organic-inorganic hybrids and acid-base blends, do not satisfy the criteria for PEMFC, which set a barrier to the development and commercialization of PEMFC. Pore-filling type proton exchange membrane is a new proton exchange membrane, which is formed by filling porous substrate with electrolytes. Compared with traditional perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, pore-filling type proton exchange membranes have many advantages, such as non- swelling, low methanol permeation, high proton conductivity, low cost and a wide range of materials to choose. In this research, preparation methodology of pore-filling membranes by particularly using all hydrocarbon polymers and fuel cell performances with the membranes are evaluated.