• 식물병연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2020

치즈 제조공정에서 나오는 부산물인 유청이 진딧물에 의해 전염되는 오이모자이크바이러스(cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)와 고추모틀바이러스(pepper mottle virus, PepMoV)의 감염 억제효과가 있는지를 고추 '청양' 품종을 대상으로 조사하였다. 온실에서 유청 원액 및 원액을 물로 2-20배로 희석하여 고추 '청양' 품종에 분무한 후 복숭아혹진딧물을 이용하여 CMV-Vch를 접종한 결과, 원액을 처리한 실험 구의 감염률이 6.6%로, 대조로 물을 처리한 실험 구의 감염률 23.3%에 비해 저하되었다. 노지에서 재배하는 고추 '청양' 품종에 CMV는 인위적으로 접종하지 않고 자연 감염되도록 둔 상태에서 정식일부터 6월 말일까지 1주일 간격으로 유청 원액을 분무 처리한 결과, 6월5일 이전에 자연적으로 CMV에 감염된 식물체의 비율이 무처리와 살충제 처리에 비해 각각 18.9%와 16.7% 감소하였다. 유청의 식물 바이러스 감염억제에 대한 작용 기작을 알기 위하여 온실에서 PepMoV-kr에 감염된 식물체 즙액과 유청을 1:1로 혼합하여 고추에 인공접종하여 시간경과에 따른 외피단백질 농도 변화를 웨스턴 블로팅 방법으로 분석한 결과, 접종 6일 후 대조에 비하여 적었으나, 접종 9일 후에는 대조와 동일하게 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과는 유청이 고추에 발생하는 서로 다른 속에 속하는 두 종류의 바이러스인 CMV와 PepMoV에 의한 감염 억제에 효과가 있다는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2003

본 연구는 눈꽃 동충하초(Paecilomyces japonica)의 접종사료 급여가 육계의 증체량, 사료효율 및 닭고기 중에 전이되는 cordycepin의 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 120마리의 초생추를 기초사료만 급여한 대조구, Paecilo-myces japonica 접종사료 5% 대체한 T1, 접종사료 10% 대체한 T2및 접종사료 20% 대체한 T3의 4 처리구로 구분하여 2∼5주령간(4주 동안) 사양실험을 진행하였다. 눈꽃 동충하초가 접종된 사료 중의 cordycepin의 함량은 미접종 사료보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 증체량 및 사료효율은 사육 전기에 T1 구에서 현저하게 개선되었지만(P<0.05),사육 후기에는 T3 처리구에서 가장 낮게 평가되었으며(P<0.05), 사육전 기간에 증체량 및 사료효율은 T3구가 다른 처리구보다 낮아지는 경향을 보였다 사양시험 종료 후, 가슴살과 대퇴부살 중에 검출된 코디세핀(Cordycepin)의 함량은 동충하초 처리구에서 대조구보다 통계적으로 높았지만(P<0.05).동충 하초 처리구간에 cordycepin 함량은 차이가 없었다. 본 연구결과로 증체량 및 사료효율은 눈꽃동충하초 접종사료 5% 대체구(T1)에서 개선되는 경향을 보였으며, 가슴살 및 대퇴부살에서 코디세핀(Cordycepin)의 함량은 눈꽃동충하초 접종사료의 급여로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05).

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 1995

The present study was conducted to investigate results of B. anthracis isolated from Anthrax in the Kyong-Ju of Feb. 12. 1994. 1. In biochemical feature, B. anthracis was a gram-positive rod, non-motility, sporulation, capsulation. It was positive in gelatinase, starch hydrolysis, glucose. But negative in urease, arabinose, mannitol, xylose. 2. B. anthracis grew well on B4 Br A TSA after incubation for 24 hours. The organisim grew well on BA, Br. A, NA, TSA after incubation for 72 hours. The media grew well on Br A instead of BA. 3. On 5% blood agar by laboratory animal, ${\beta}$ -hemolysis was produced from 36 hours to 48 hours incubation. There was perfect ${\beta}$-hemolysis after incubation for 48 hours. On the other side ${\beta}$-hemolysis was begun on 5% goat blood agar after incubation for 60 hours. 4. In the test of antimicrobial susceptibility, B. anthracis was very sensitive to AM, CF, TE, ENR, GM, AN, DFX, S, P, TYLO, N, KM, C, E, Lins＋Sp, NN, CC, CFP, CB were sensitive one by one. B. anthracis was no-sensitive to L, XNL, TIA, CL, SXT 5. B. anthracis had never sensitivity to direct inoculation of rat and chicken, after subcutanous inj. It was very sensitive to mouse and goat, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit had a sensibility one by one. 6. The dead laboratory animal which had been inoculated with B. anthracis preserved at $37^{\circ}C$ incubation, B. anthracis didn't cultivate on non-dissected animal after 80 hours but cultivate on dissected animal after 360 hours. 7. The rapidly death could cause high concentration, died from 420 after S. C. 8. The blood smeared samples of hamster from inoculation with B. anthracis, spore germinated In 37$^{\circ}C$ after 5 hours, in $32^{\circ}C$ after 6 hours, in room temperature after 9 hours, in $-4^{\circ}C$ to $-20^{\circ}C$ after 10 hours. 9. B, anthracis inoculated to laboratory animal after SC or PO. Mice and rats feces didn't cultivated with B. anthracis after SC, but did cultivated with B. anthracis after PO. 10. In the test of disinfectant, B. anthracis was high effective to $HgC1_2$, formalin, effect phenol, cresol, but non-effect NaOH, ethanol.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.491-500
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• 1991

This study was conducted to detect the serum antibodies in the experimentally toxoplasma infected dogs and street dogs by use the of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And this test was performed on the polystylene microplate by coating with the tachyzoites soluble antigen of T gondii (RH strain), incubated with sera diluted then, added with HPO-conjugated rabbit anti-dog IgG and o-phenylenediamine used as a substrate. Tachyzoites of T gondii harvested from mouse peritoneal cavity were purified by 30, 40 and 50% Percoll density gradient centrifugation and used as the source of antigen. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The highest ratio of positive to negative (P/N ratio) was obtained at the level of $l{\mu}g/ml$ protein concentration of antigen with the 1/4000 dilution of the conjugate measured by checker-board titration. It was regarded as the optimum concentration of the antigen and conjugate. 2. Cut-off value in this IgG ELISA was 0.375 that was determined by mean absorbance (at 492nm) of IFA negative serum added with the dauble value of the standard deviation $(mean{\pm}2S.D.)$. 3. Serum ELISA IgG antibodies to T gondii in the exyerimentally infected dogs were detected firstly at the Week 3 after inoculation and the highest titer was recognized at the Week 4, 5 and 6 after inoculation. 4. Stability of the antigen absorbed in the microplates that were preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-25^{\circ}C$ separately were prolonged up to 3 weeks and 10 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-25^{\circ}C$, respectively. However the reproducibility was not reliable after the preservation of 4 weeks and longer. 5. Positive rate of the specific antibodies in 312 test sera was 28.5% and there was no significant differences between the male (27.8%) and female (29.5%), respectively. 6. The IgG ELISA was proved to be a specific procedure for the detection of antibodies to canine toxoplasma infection and also evaluated as a screening test for the large scale of test samples in laboratory.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.286-292
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• 1991

신개간지(新開墾地)에 근류균(根瘤菌) 접종(接種) 및 비종별(肥種別) 석탄시용(石炭施用)에 따른 땅콩 종실성분(種實成分) 변화(變化) 및 이와 식물체(植物體) 성분간(成分間) 상관관계(相關關係)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 균접종(菌接種)으로 종실중(種實中) 조단백질(粗蛋白質), Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Histidine, Aspartic acid, Serine, Alanine 함량(含量)이 유의적(有意的)으로 증가(增加)되었으나, 조지방함량(粗脂肪含量)은 무접종구(無接種區)에서 높았다. 2. 석회무시용구(石灰無施用區)는 조지방(粗脂肪), 황산석회(黃酸石灰)는 Glutamic acid, 소석회(消石灰)는 Valine, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Aspartic acid, Serine, Glycine, Alanine, 탄산석회(炭酸石灰)는 Histidine함량(含量)이 유의적(有意的)으로 가장 높았다. 3. 종실중(種實中) 조단백질(粗蛋白質)은 조지방(粗脂肪)과 부(負)의 유의(有意), 상관(相關), 엽중(葉中) 엽록소(葉綠素), Allantoin, 암모니아, 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸), 전실소(全室素), 인산(燐酸), 칼슘함량(含量)은 종실중(種實中) 조단백질(粗蛋白質), 각종(各種) 아미노산(酸)과 정(正)의 상관(相關)을, 조지방(粗脂肪)과는 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 나타내었으며 초산태(硝酸態) 실소(室素)는 이와 반대(反對)의 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제24권4호통권79호
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• pp.246-254
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• 1996

1980년대 중반이후로 우리나라에서 영지의 재배면적과 생산량은 매년 증가해 오고 있지만 1980년대 말기부터 강화, 철원, 신탄지 등지에서 발생하기 시작한 새로운 병원성 진균의 출현에 의해서 영지재배는 막대한 경제적 손실을 입고 있으며 영지재배의 제한적 요인이 되고 있는 실정이다. 이 연구는 영지재배시에 발생하는 새로운 진균성 병해의 효과적인 방제수단을 찾기 위한 노력의 일환으로 병원성 진균을 분리하고 동정하기 위하여 실시되었다. 병원균에 의해 감염된 영지재배 원목에서 분리한 균주가 인공 접종시 전형적인 병징을 나타낼 수 있는지 병원성 검정을 실시하였고, 병원성 진균에 의해서 생성되는 병징, 균사, 분절포자, 자낭과, 자낭포자 등을 육안, 해부현미경, 광학현미경, 주사전자현미경 등을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 이 병원균에 의하여 형성되는 자낭과는 성숙시 검은색의 두꺼운 막으로 된 구형으로 직경은 $45{\sim}95\;{\mu}m$로 크기가 다양하였다. 자낭은 막이 얇고 형성되는 즉시 없어지기 때문에 매우 관찰하기 어려우며 자낭포자는 구형으로 무색이며 비교적 두꺼운 막으로 싸여 반들반들하게 보이고 크기는 $3.6{\sim}4.3\;{\mu}m$ 정도로 균일하였다. 분생자병은 즉시 막이 두꺼워지고 격막으로 나누어지면서 분절포자가 형성되었고 분절포자는 원통형으로 길이가 $3{\sim}6\;{\mu}m$족이 $3{\sim}4\;{\mu}m$정도였다. 따라서 이상의 형태학적인 특성에 기초하여 이 병원균의 완전세대는 Xylogone sphaerospora Van Arx & Nilsson로, 불완전세대는 Sporendonema purpurascens (Bonordon) Mason & Hughes로 동정되었으며, 이 균은 영지의 병원균으로는 처음 보고되는 것이다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2002

A survey of Fusarium wilt of perilla was conducted in 12 locations in Korea from 1999 to 2001. The disease occurred in 74 out of 187 fields in the 12 locations surveyed, and incidence of the disease reached up to 30% at its maximum in some perilla fields in Seosan and Dangjin. Incidence of the disease in the other locations ranged from 0.2 to 20%. A total of 327 isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from stems and roots of the diseased perilla plants. The isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Out of the 327 isolates of Fusarium, 277 isolates from 12 locations were identified as F. oxysporum, 11 isolates from three locations as F. solani,17 isolates from two locations as F. equiseti, 4 isolates from one location as F. avenaceum and 6 isolates from one location as F. subglutinans. The other 12 isolates of Fusarium from four locations were unidentified. Twelve isolates of F. oxysporum and two isolates each of the other Fusarium spp. were tested for their pathogenicity to five cultivars of perilla. Seven isolates of F. oxysporum were strongly pathogenic to some perilla cultivars, but the other five isolates were weakly or not pathogenic. One isolate of F. solani was strongly pathogenic to all the perilla cultivars tested, but another isolate was not pathogenic. All the isolates of F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, and F. Subglutinans tested were not pathogenic to any of the perilla cultivars tested. Symptoms on the perilla plants induced by artificial inoculation with strongly pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani appeared as wilt, stem blight, and root yet, which were similar to those observed in the fields. The isolates which induced symptoms by artificial inoculation were re-isolated from the lesions of the perilla plants inoculated. All the isolates of F. oxysporum tested were not pathogenic to eight other crops inoculated. Results of this study reveal that F. oxysporum is the main pathogen of perilla wilt and that it is host specific to perilla. forma specialis of F. oxysporum causing wilt of perilla is proposed as perillae.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.112-122
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• 2016

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an effective tool for the study of soybean gene function. Successful VIGS depends on the interaction between virus spread and plant growth, which can be influenced by environmental conditions. Recently, we developed a new VIGS system derived from the Soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV). Here, we investigated several environmental and developmental factors to improve the efficiency of a SYCMV-based VIGS system to optimize the functional analysis of the soybean. Following SYCMV: Glycine max-phytoene desaturase (GmPDS) infiltration, we investigated the effect of photoperiod, inoculation time, concentration of Agrobacterium inoculm, and growth temperature on VIGS efficiency. In addition, the relative expression of GmPDS between non-silenced and silenced plants was measured by qRT-PCR. We found that gene silencing efficiency was highest at a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark) at a growth temperature of approximately $27^{\circ}C$ following syringe infiltration to unrolled unifoliolate leaves in cotyledon stage with a final SYCMV:GmPDS optimal density $(OD)_{600}$ of 2.0. Using this optimized protocol, we achieved high efficiency of GmPDS-silencing in various soybean germplasms including cultivated and wild soybeans. We also confirmed that VIGS occurred in the entire plant, including the root, stem, leaves, and flowers, and could transmit GmPDS to other soybean germplasms via mechanical inoculation. This optimized protocol using a SYCMV-based VIGS system in the soybean should provide a fast and effective method to elucidate gene functions and for use in large-scale screening experiments.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the pathogenesis and pathogenicity of the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Korean isolate from weaned pigs. Twenty four weaned pigs, PCV2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) antibodies free, were allocated to 4 groups (n = 6). Six pigs were inoculated intranasally with PCV2 alone, 6 with PCV2 and PRRSV, 6 with the combined PCV2/PRRSV/PPV inoculum, and 6 were remained as a uninoculated negative control. Pigs were killed 3 and 6 weeks after inoculation and tissue samples examined for gross and microscopic lesions and for the presence of PCV2 antigens and nucleic acids. Experimentally inoculated pigs were evaluated for 3 considerations: 1. development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), 2. distribution of viral antigens by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and 3. cytokine mRNA levels in lymph nodes. Pigs inoculated with PCV2/PRRSV/PPV showed typical clinical signs, gross findings, and histopathologic characteristics of PMWS. In the PCV2/PRRSV/PPV inoculated group, the PCV2 antigen was widely distributed in various parenchymal organs such as brain, spinal cord, tonsil, lymph nodes, lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and peyer's patch. Lymph node mRNA expression of IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-2R and IL-8 was determined by real-time PCR. The pigs of PCV2/PRRSV and PCV2/PRRSV/PPV inoculation group, the mRNA expression was characterized by a decrease of IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-2R and IL-8. The decrease of cytokine mRNA represent the state of T cell immuno-suppression in pig, and nicely support the evidence for the impairment of immune system in pigs with PMWS. In conclusion, PCV2 infection and some additional infectious causes such as PRRSV and/or PPV are warranted for the presence of PMWS in weaned pigs in Korea.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

본 연구는 전작물 재배에 따른 마늘 흑색썩음균핵병 피해 경감 효과를 평가하기 위해 2 년간 수행되었다. 콩 참깨 호박 네마장황, 대파를 전작물로 재배하였으며, 대조구로 휴경처리구와 병원균 무접종구를 두었다. 전적물 재배 후 마을을 파종하고 재배하면서, 흑색썩음균핵병 이병주율과 수량을 조사하였다. 2013년 흑색썩음균핵병은 병원균 무접종구, 콩, 네마장황처리구에서 가장 낮았으며, 호박처리구에서 가장 높았다. 2014년에는 네마장황, 콩, 대파처리구에서 흑색썩음균핵병 이병주율이 낮았으며, 호박처리구에서 가장 높았다. 처리구 별 마늘의 수량은 2013년에는 콩, 네마장황, 대파 처리구에서 가장 높았고 호박처리구에서 가장 적었으며, 2014년에는 콩, 네마장황, 대파처리구에서 높았고, 호박처리구에서 가장 적어 이병주율과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 콩-마늘과 네마장황-마늘재배체계가 흑색썩음균핵병을 억제하기 위한 윤작체계가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.