• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.279-302
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• 2010

A better selection model on management innovative enterprises is needed since the Korean government provides multi benefits to those selected enterprises. However, the selection model's propriety is suspicious because of the shortage of consideration of assessment items. In particular, the most important two assessment items, strategy and performance are suspected of multicollinearity because of high correlation scores. No consideration on multicollinearity among those items leads to erroneous selection which doubly counts the same components with different item names. The principle component analysis is applied to factor out the uncorrelated items. Using the resulted principle components, the new estimations are carried out. The comparison between estimated results from using principle components and non principle components shows that the present selection model overly considers the performance items compared to the real effect of items, which is a result of multicollinearity between performance and strategy.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2022

Objectives : The evaluation of academic achievement is pivotal for establishing accurate direction and adequate level of medical education. The purpose of this study was to firstly establish innovative item analysis technique of Item Response Theory (IRT) for analyzing multiple-choice test of herbology in the traditional Korean medicine education which has not been available for the difficulty of test theory and statistical calculation. Methods : The answers of 390 students (2012-2018) to the 14 item herbology test in college of Korean medicine were used for the item analysis. As for the multidimensional analysis of item characteristics, difficulty, discrimination, and guessing parameters along with item-total correlation and percentage of correct answer were calculated using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and IRT. Results : The validity parameters of strong and weak items were illustrated in multiple perspectives. There were 4 items with six acceptable index scores, and 5 items with only one acceptable index score. The item discrimination of IRT was found to have no significant correlation with difficulty and discrimination indices of CTT emphasizing attention of professionals of medical education as for the test credibility. Conclusion : The critical suggestions for the development, utilization and revision of test items in the e-learning and evidence-based Teaching era were made based on the results of item analysis using IRT. The current study would firstly provide foundation for upgrading the quality of Korean medicine education using test theory.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-108
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to generate a proper regulation improvement direction of the public If project contract law through the current four contract methods and three methods of the awarding party of a contract method. The research method for this paper is derived from the written materials of the present public IT project contract law. Two problems have been processed in order to produce the results: the current contract methods and the awarding party of a contract method. The current contract methods consist of a competition contract, a private contract, and a supply methodology contract, The methods of the awarding party of a contract display a qualified evaluation regulation, the 2nd step competition bid, a standard cost separation tender, and a contract by a negotiation. The results exhibit that the general competition contract consists of four improvement items. The contract by a negotiation contains five improvement items. The group private contract has one improvement item. And the private contract includes one improvement item. These results implicate that the current public IT project contract law demands better improvement work for the ubiquitous Korea.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 2012

Most conventional instruments measuring disability rely on total score by simply adding individual item responses, which is dependent on the items chosen to represent the underlying construct (test-dependent) and a test statistic, such as coefficient alpha for the estimate of reliability, varying from sample to sample (sample-dependent). By contrast, item response theory (IRT) method focuses on the psychometric properties of the test items instead of the instrument as a whole. By estimating probability that a respondent will select a particular rating for an item, item difficulty and person ability (or disability) can be placed on same linear continuum. These estimates are invariant regardless of the item used (test-free measurement) and the ability of sample applied (sample-free measurement). These advantages of IRT allow the creation of invariantly calibrated large item banks that precisely discriminate the disability levels of individuals. Computer adaptive testing (CAT) method often requiring a testing algorithm promise a means for administering items in a way that is both efficient and precise. This method permits selectively administering items that are closely matched to the ability level of individuals (measurement precision) and measuring the ability without the loss of precision provided by the full item bank (measurement efficiency). These measurement properties can reasonably be achieved using IRT and CAT method. This article aims to investigate comprehensive overview of the existing disability instrument for back pain and to inform physical therapists of an alternative innovative way overcoming the shortcomings of conventional disability instruments. An understanding of IRT and CAT method will equip physical therapist with skills in interpreting the measurement properties of disability instruments developed using the methods.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.112-126
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate visual elements of steampunk fashion and provide base line data for innovative fashion design ideas and products. We investigated design characteristics of steampunk fashion style shown in 3 movies and 3 animations. Based on the investigation, the research drew intrinsic value of steampunk fashion from three brands 'Vivienne Westwood', 'Dolce & Gabbana' and 'Alexander McQueen'. As the research analyzed movies and animations revealing steampunk style, various characteristics were found and assorted into similar categories. Subcategories of steampunk fashion are pluralism, rebellion and heterogeneity. The followings are result of analyzing three designer collection listed above. First, steampunk fashion made by designers used various color and materials to express multi-pluralistic(multiplicity) characteristic. Second, fashion style in collections revealed artistic and experimental design. This adventurous and innovative characteristic is categorized as rebellion feature. Third, steampunk fashion style used mix-match of unexpected materials or unbalanced silhouette to create a complete fashion style by combining styles in duplicity which could've lack harmony. Intrinsic value of steampunk is defined as graffiti of 19th century's science technology and utopia spirit. Longing for past and fantasy was expressed into fashion. Steampunk fashion wants to escape reality and tries to recreate history of the past faded away with technological development. It defines steampunk as freedom, deviation and fantastical utopia in positive point of view. Furthermore, aesthetic implication of steampunk style found in this research can make a boundary of steampunk style clear and become reference for future researches regarding steampunk fashion.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.99-108
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• 2014

Purpose - The goals of this study are the following. First, this study focused on customer satisfaction of in-flight service. Specifically, in-flight duty free items were considered because of their potential value related with the differentiated strategy of airline companies. Second, this study analyzed feasible strategies that would fence off the aversive attitudes of consumers toward innovation regarding in-flight duty free items. Third, this study strived to discover implicit routes related with the reactions of of consumers to innovation. Fourth, the construal level theory was applied to the context of in-flight service. Psychological distance is expected to promote acceptance of innovation for duty free items. Research design, data, and methodology - This study consisted of three experiments. All data were collected through the participation of university students. First, the experiment employed a 2×2 between-subject design. The first independent variable was temporal distance (long vs. short of navigation time). The second independent variable was innovativeness (innovative duty free items vs. typical items). Further, experiment 2 involved a 2×2 between-subject design. The first independent variable was social distance (typical vs. atypical stewardess image). The second was innovativeness that was based on a pattern similar to that of the prior experiment. The third experiment involved a 2×2×2 design. The first and second independent variables were temporal distance and item innovation, respectively, based on the method of experiment 1. The third independent variable was cognitive depletion (depletion vs. control condition). Results - Experiment 1 demonstrated that the innovation of duty free items would need to consider the journey time of the airline. Specifically, innovative items were preferred in case of a long journey; typical items, however, were liked in a short journey. Further, experiment 2 demonstrated that, in spite of a short journey, innovative items would be preferred if an atypical stewardess was serving. An atypical stewardess was linked with social distance, and the psychological effects would activate a creative and flexible mindset that would fit with innovative duty free items. The final experiment was accomplished for the examination of cognitive processing of psychological distance on innovation-acceptance. Specifically, if the effects were related with systematic processing, then cognitive effort would be needed. In contrast, if they were related with heuristic processing, then such efforts would not be required. The same pattern appeared under both cognitive depletion and control condition; therefore, the effects of psychological distance were implied to be heuristic processing. Conclusions - Managers need to consider the navigation time, stewardess concepts, and depletion of consumers as important factors for innovative strategy regarding in-flight service. Longer journeys are more successful for innovative trials. Further, a more atypical stewardess image is more successful for atypical service. Long navigation and unfamiliar stewardesses may activate creative and flexible thinking. Further, cognitive depletion of consumers is not a dominant factor of psychological distance effects, because the effects are not related with systematic processing, but with heuristic processing.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2022

The goal of the study was to see how quality management (QMA), strategy (STR), and innovative capability (INC) influence the competitive advantage of a Thai information communication technology (ICT) firm (COA). The researchers collected 431 surveys from Thailand's owners and managers employed in ICT enterprises from the beginning of June 2021 to the end of September 2021using diverse sample strategies. A questionnaire with an index of item-objective congruence (IOC) value of 0.60-1.00 and a reliability value of 0.92-0.96 was used as the research tool. Participants in the survey were requested to fill out a seven-level opinion survey posted on Google Forms. A latent variable structural equation model (SEM) path analysis using LISREL 9.1 was used for the four latent variables, 31 manifest variables, and the five hypotheses testing. The analysis showed that all three causal variables positively affected COA, which had a total effect (TE) R² value = 80% when combined with the other latent variables. Moreover, the values for the latent variables when ranked by total effect (TE) were STR, QMA, and INC with TE values of 0.95, 0.89, and 0.25, respectively. Finally, there were very strong influences from COA to STR (0.95), INC to QMA (0.86), and STR to QMA (0.71).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.764-775
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• 2020

Lifespans are increasing and many consumers are interested in health issues in these busy modern days, developing functional clothing that can be worn everyday is one of the competitive solutions in the oversaturated clothing market. When developing a new item with a fresh idea, it is important to look into prior art beforehand to avoid unnecessary intellectual property right-related disputes. This study investigates Korean domestic patents and utility models about functional clothing in terms of human body performance and health promotion in order to suggest essential data to relevant developers. We selected 324 patents and utility models and made an analysis according to the year, functions, applied technologies, frequency of claims, target wearers and item types. We found problems in current functional clothing patent application trends and suggested new aspects when developing innovative functional clothing items. Data was limited to Korean domestic patents; however, this study is still meaningful giving references to technology roadmaps and encouraging new intellectual property development.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.243-258
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation and problems of the existing government support policy and 6th industry. In order to solve these problems and to create innovative values and welfare for farming and fishing villages in the future, we suggest implications for policy and support of 6th industry and propose appropriate government policy support. Methods: As a research method, we analyzed the relative importance and urgency of each item based on problems, implications, and suggestions about policy and support of 6th industry. Results: The results of this study were based on the relative basis of potential factors for each item, and prioritized items were selected and strategies for each category were derived. Conclusion: Further research is needed on specific measures and detailed procedures to ensure that policies and support are practically applied to items of relatively high importance and urgency and high priority.

• Journal of the Korea Management Engineers Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.165-177
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• 2018

Smart technology has been utilized in various fields of all kinds of industries. Manufacturing industry has built its smart technology environment appropriate for its manufacturing fields in order to strengthen its manufacturing performance and competitiveness. The advance of smart technology for manufacturing industry needs to efficiently produce products, and response customer's demands and services in a global industrial environment. The smart technology capability of manufacturing fields is very crucial for the innovative production and efficient operation activities, and for efficient advancement of the manufacturing performance. We have necessitated a scientific and objective method that can gauge a smart technology ability in order to manage and strengthen the smart technology ability of manufacturing fields. This research provides a comprehensive framework that can rationally gauge the smart technology capability of manufacturing fields for effectively managing and advancing their smart technology capabilities. In this research, we especially develop a structural framework that can gauge the smart technology capability for a smart factory of manufacturing fields, with verifying by reliability analysis and factor analysis based on previous literature. This study presents a 13-item framework that can measure the smart technology capability for a smart factory of manufacturing fields in a smart technology perspective.