• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.1152-1156
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• 2003

Hard disk drives (HDD) in computer are used extensively as data storage capacity. The trend in the computer industry to produce smaller disk drives rotating at higher speeds requires an improved understanding of fluid motion in the space between disks. PIV measurement was used fer the unsteady flow between the center pair of four disks of four times larger than common radius of HDD disk at several rpm in a fixed cylindrical enclosure. The boundary between inner region and outer region is detected using PIV measurement and the number of dominant vortices s determined clearly. Tip vortices generated by an obstruction with actual-like configuration can be found at inner region. Oscillating flow from the obstruction appears at outer region with complex flow pattern.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5207-5214
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• 2014

Background: To study the relationship of susceptibility to lung cancer with the gene polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1, GSTP1 and smoking status in Han and Mongolian populations of Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region of China. Materials and Methods: PCR-RFLP, allele-specific and multiplex PCR were employed to identify the genotypes of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1 and GSTP1 in a case-control study of 322 lung cancer patients diagnosed by bronchoscopy and 456 controls free of malignancy. Results: There is a significant difference in genotypic frequency of GSTT1 of healthy Mongolian and Han subjects. A statistically prominent association was found between CYP1A1 Msp1 (vt/vt) (OR=4.055, 95%CI:2.107-7.578, p=0.000), GSTM1 (-) (OR=2.290, 95%CI:1.467-3.573, p=0.000) and lung cancer in Mongolians. Similarly, in the Han population, CYP1A1 Msp1 (vt/vt) (OR=3.194, 95%CI:1.893-5.390, p=0.000) and GSTM1 (-) (OR=1.884, 95%CI:1.284-2.762, p=0.001) carriers also had an elevated risk of lung cancer. The smokers were more susceptible to lung cancer 2.144 fold and 1.631 fold than non-smokers in Mongolian and Han populations, respectively. The smokers who carried with CYP1A1 Msp1 (wt/vt+vt/vt), exon7 (Val/Val+Ile /Val), GSTM1 (-), GSTM3 (AB+BB), and GSTT1 (-) respectively were found all to have a high risk of lung cancer. Conclusions: CYP1A1 Msp1 (vt/vt) and GSTM1 (-) are risk factors of lung cancer in Han and Mongolian population in the Inner Mongolia region. The smokers with CYP1A1 Msp1 (wt/vt+vt/vt), CYP1A1 exon7 (Val/Val+Ile /Val), GSTM1 (-), GSTM3 (AB+BB), and GSTT1 (-) genotypes, respectively, are at elevated risk of lung cancer.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.382-389
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• 2001

In the present study, local heat transfer rates for co-rotating disks with two modified hubs having ventilation holes are investigated for Rossby number of 0.04, 0.1 and 0.35 to evaluate the influence of incoming flows through hub holes. A naphthalene sublimation technique is employed to determine the detailed local heat/mass transfer coefficients on the rotating disks using the heat and mass transfer analogy. Flow field measurements are conducted using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and numerical calculations are performed simultaneously to analyze the flow patterns induced by the disk rotation. The basic flow structure in a cavity between co-rotating disks consists of three regions; the solid-body rotating inner region, the outer region with turbulence vortices and the shroud boundary layer region. The heat/mass transfer. rates on the co-rotating disks are very low near the hub due to the solid-body rotation and those increase rapidly in the outer region due to turbulence mixing. The modified hubs with ventilation holes enhances significantly the heat/mass transfer rates on the region near the hub. The results also show that the heat transfer of Hub-2 is superior to that of Hub-1, but Hub-1 is more profitable for destructing the solid-body rotating inner region.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.467-472
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• 2000

Most of the past experimental or analytical studies were performed for the curved bend with a square cross-section. Velocity profiles and Reynolds stresses of the turbulence flow in the 270 degree bend with circular cross-section were measured by a hot-wire anemometer. The mean velocity of primary flowing direction effected by the downstream of bend in the entry region of the bend. The flow in the inner part of the bend slowed the distribution velocity relatively large and unsymmetric phenomenon. In the strong secondary flow occurred when the flow passed in the region of 45 degree to 90 degree. The secondary flow appeared very large value in the neighbor region of inner wall.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.189-194
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• 2017

Effects of gas injection scheme and rf driving current configuration in a dual turn inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system were analyzed by 3D numerical simulation using CFD-ACE+. Injected gases from a tunable gas nozzle system (TGN) having 12 horizontal and 12 vertical nozzles showed different paths to the pumping surface. The maximum velocity from the nozzle reached Mach 2.2 with 2.2 Pa of Ar. More than half of the injected gases from the right side of the TGN were found to go to the pump without touching the wafer surface by massless particle tracing method. Gases from the vertical nozzle with 45 degree slanted angle soared up to the hottest region beneath the ceramic lid between the inner and the outer rf turn of the antenna. Under reversed driving current configuration, the highest rf power absorption region were separated into the two inner islands and the four peaked donut region.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1995

In this paper we examine the mass transport within the boundary layer near the sea bottom. The fluid domain is seperated into inner and outer region of boundary layers. In outer region, the wave field is assumed to be inviscid and irrotational. When the incident waves enter the arrays of circular cylinders, the scattering of water waves by an array of N bottom mounted vertical circular cylinders is solved using the method proposed by Linton & Evans under the potential theory. In inner region, the Navier-Stokes equation must be satisfied with boundary conditions at the boundary later and bottom is to be represented by the sum of the Eulerian mean drift and the Stokes' drift.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2013

This study investigated the bond characteristics of embedded deformed steel bar in donut type biaxial hollow slabs. The donut type hollow sphere make concrete inner cover formed between steel bar and hollow sphere due to the hollow shape and arrangement. Generally, inner cover was thinner than outer cover, and some part of donut type biaxial hollow slab has smaller inner cover thickness than $2.5d_b$. It was affected to the bond condition of deformed bar. Furthermore, inner cover thickness changes along the longitudinal deformed bar due to hollow shape. Therefore, donut type hollow slab was divided 3 regions according to the hollow shape such as insufficient region, transition region, sufficient region. Pull-out test were performed to find out the effect of bond condition by the region. Main parameters are inner cover thickness, embedded length and bond location. Bond characteristics of donut type biaxial hollow slab were confirmed through comparison of bond stress-slip relationship, maximum bond strength and bond stress distribution of each regions. And the calculation method of bond strength of donut type biaxial hollow slab was suggested based on the test results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.269-279
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• 2005

Numerical simulations were done using depth integrated ADCIRC model in order to evaluate dynamic response on the inner Saemankeum reservoir due to flood flow and gate operation for the both situations of dike construction and inner development. According to 2-dimensional dynamic flood routing, temporal variation of hydrographs shows sensitive at upstream riverine region while it becomes stable from the center part of the reservoir due to sudden expansion of physical changes. Dynamic response of hydraulic changes such as water surface elevation and velocity on the inner region arises suddenly by gate operation and more rapidly after the inner development than dike construction. Temporal surface fluctuation arises during inflowging of outer sea water and propagates upstream up to 10km to 16km in accordance with inner development status.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.42-42
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• 1999

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1644-1650
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• 2013

Ribosomal protein (rp) S6 is the substrate of ribosomal protein S6K (S6 kinase) and is involved in protein synthesis by mTOR/S6K/S6 signaling pathway. Some S6 cDNA have been cloned in mammals in recent years but has not been identified in the goat. To facilitate such studies, we cloned the cDNA encoding Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) S6 (GenBank accession GU131122) and then detected mRNA expression in seven tissues by real time PCR and protein expression in testis tissue by immunohistochemisty. Sequence analysis indicated that the obtained goat S6 was a 808 bp product, including a 3' untranslated region of 58 bp and an open reading frame of 750 bp which predicted a protein of 249 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence was highly homologous to cattle, human, mouse and rat S6. Expression analysis indicated S6 mRNA was expressed extensively in detected tissues and S6 protein was expressed in testis tissue.