• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 1998

The color difference caused by the overprinting sequence of ink in multicolor printing is due to both trapping and optical properties of ink layers. Hence the effect of optical properties only cannot be analyzed without removing the effect of ink trapping This study was carrier out for the purpose of analyzing optically the color difference caused by only the optical properties of ink under the various printing sequence. The present optical analysis for overprints showed a good agreement with the experimental result. It is expected that this study may contribute to decreasing the color difference between the original and the printed reproduction in multi-color printing.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1463-1465
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• 2008

We report all-ink-jet printed inorganic/organic hybrid TFTs on plastic substrates. We have investigated the optimal printing conditions to make uniform patterned layers of gate electrode, dielectrics, source/drain electrodes, and semiconductor as a coplanar type TFT in a successive manner. All ink-jet printed devices have good mechanical flexibility and current modulation characteristic even when bent.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1382-1385
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• 2006

We have studied ink-jet printing method for patterning of conductive line on flexible plastic substrates. Synthesized copper nano-particles of ${\sim}40\;nm$ were used for the conductive ink and the printed patterns exhibit a smooth line whose line width is about $100\;{\mu}m$.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1491-1494
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• 2005

We have studied ink-jet printing method for patterning conductive line on flexible plastic substrates. Synthesized silver nano-particles of ${\sim}$20nm were used for the conductive ink and the printed patterns exhibit a smooth line whose linewidth is below 100 ${\mu}m$. This ink-jet printing technique can be applied to flexible displays and electronics.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.115-124
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• 2020

Marker pens belong to school things that are controlled by the regulation system called safety confirmation under special act on the safety of products for children with the formaldehyde criteria of 20 mg/kg. With nine marker pens available commercially, formaldehyde in marker pen ink was analyzed by present test standard where marking on a fabric swatch with a pen and extracting the swatch in water and derivatization with Nash reagent followed by UV/Vis spectrophotometeric measurement (Nash-UV/Vis method), giving not detected results or a false positive result in case of a colored water extract. However, the contents of formaldehyde in ink of nine marker pens were determinded to range between 3.2 ~ 93.2 mg/kg with three results above the safety criteria of 20 mg/kg by HPLC/DAD measurements on DNPH derivatives of formaldehyde (DNPH-HPLC/DAD method) in ink dissolved directly in water using an ultrasonic bath. Therefore, the DNPH-HPLC/DAD method with the extraction of ultrasonic dissolving ink in water is proposed as a proper method for analyzing formaldehyde in ink. The proposed method has advantages of lower detection limit and accuracy with colored extracts as well as a simple and fast extraction. The accuracy and precision of this method was estimated to be 90.1 ~ 105.4 % and 0.6 ~ 3.3 %, respectively by spiking tests in the ranges of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg using matrixes such as highlighter pen ink, board marker ink, chalk marker pen ink and painter marker ink.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2012

In this work, scientific and systematic analysis was conducted for finding out the methods and techniques of ancient ink stick making. Analysis the ancient ink stick on ancient documents and wooden writing as letter or painting, we concluded as followings. From the analysis of ancient wood by dendrochronology, wood was cut at 1899, which provided the information on the year of ink stick's made on writing on ancient wood. Single particle size for soot of ancient ink stick was 107 nm for ink on the roof-filling timber in Sinsunwonjeon of Changdeok Palace, compared to 38 to 86 nm on the letter on ancient 12 paper document. Aggregate particle size was 370 nm for ink on the roof-filling timber in Sinsunwonjeon of Changdeok Palace, but 206 to 318 nm for aggregate particle size on 12 paper documents. There was similar pattern between single particle size and aggregate particle size of soot, which might provide the information of raw material for ancient ink. From infra-red and Raman spectroscopic analysis of sheet of writing on paper or wood, there was severe interference from background material (paper or wood). From Raman spectroscopic analysis of ancient ink carefully separated from ancient wood, spectrum pattern was closer to ink stick made by the soot from pine burning.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

Ceramic ink-jet printing technology in art tiles, decorated tablewares and other porcelain products has many advantages of fast and precision printing of various images with high efficiency and low cost. For the application to ink-jet printing, ceramic ink requires a stable dispersibility with nano-sized pigments. In this paper, characteristics of pink-red aqueous ceramic ink for ink-jet printing was demonstrated. $CaCr_{0.1}Sn_{0.8}SiO_5$ pigment was synthesized using solid state reaction and deagglomerated using attrition milling. The aqueous ceramic ink contains 10 wt% of the obtained $CaCr_{0.1}Sn_{0.8}SiO_5$ nanopigment with 0.4 wt% of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a dispersion agent. Viscosity of $CaCr_{0.1}Sn_{0.8}SiO_5$ aqueous ceramic ink was adjusted using 0.18 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for a suitable jetting from the nozzle. The prepared pink-red ceramic ink showed a good jetting property with formation of a single sphere-shaped droplet after $180{\mu}s$ without a tail and satellite droplet.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.122
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• pp.70-75
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• 2003

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1752-1756
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• 2011

This study was conducted to explore the effects of squid ink on growth performance, immune functions and antioxidant ability of broiler chickens during a period of six weeks. Either sex Arbor Acres broilers were equally allotted to 4 groups with 3 replicates of 20 chickens each. Broilers diets for the 4 test groups were prepared separately with starter and finisher phases. Control chickens were fed with basal diet and birds of group Exp 2, Exp 4 and Exp 6 were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 2%, 4% and 6% of squid ink, respectively. Broilers were sacrificed to investigate antioxidant parameters of sera, indices of thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricius and spleen lymphocyte proliferation, as well as growth performance on the $21^{th}$ and $42^{th}$ day. The results revealed that, i) squid ink promoted growth performance of broilers during days 22 to 42 and the whole trial period (p<0.05 or p<0.01); ii) squid ink elevated relative weight of the three immune organs during the starter phase and spleen lymphocyte proliferation throughout the experiment (p<0.05); iii) squid ink increased SOD activity and decreased MDA level in sera from broilers during the whole period (p<0.05). The above results suggest that squid ink could improve growth performance, antioxidant ability and immune functions of growing broiler chickens and be employed in the development of feed additives for animals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.469-472
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to assess utility of $p16^{INK4a}$ immunopositivity as a surrogate marker for genomic integration of high-risk human papillomavirus infection (hrHPV). A total of 29 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 27 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 53 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), histologically-diagnosed between 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2008 at the University of Malaya Medical Centre were stained for $p^{16INK4a}$ (CINtec Histology Kit (REF 9511, mtm laboratories AG, Heidelberg, Germany). Immunopositvity was defined as diffuse staining of the squamous cell cytoplasm and or nucleus (involving > 75% of the intraepithelial lesions or SCCs). Staining of basal and parabasal layers of intraepithelial lesions was pre-requisite. One (3.4%) LSIL, 24 (88.9%) HSIL and 46 (86.8%) SCC were $p^{16INK4a}$ immunopositive. All normal squamous epithelium did not express $p16^{INK4a}$. $p16^{INK4a}$ expression was significantly lower (p<0.05) in LSIL compared with HSIL and SCC with no difference in expression between HSIL and SCC. The increased $p16^{INK4a}$ immunopositivity in HSIL and SCC appears in line with the integrated existence of the hrHPV and may provide more insightful information on risk of malignant transformation of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions than mere hrHPV detection.