• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.258-267
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of injury risk perception in preschool children. Method: Employing a methodological research design, data were collected using questionnaires from a sample of 178 child day care center preschooler selected by convenient sampling located at Kwangwon-Do. Descriptive statistics, content analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used in performance of data analysis. Results: Through conduct of validity testing, 27 items were finally selected. The internal consistency was acceptable with a Cronbach's alpha of .66 and a Guttman Split-half coefficient of .70. Conclusion: The injury risk perception scale showed adequate validity and reliability in preschool children. It can be used for assessment of injury risk and for development of injury prevention programs for preschool children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.112-123
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• 2018

In this paper, we focused on the safety of workers in a remanufacturing process where a risk analysis is not carried out and suggested a criteria for evaluating injury risk. We analyzed a disassembly and a reassembly, which are important for the remanufacturing process. The disassembly includes the disassembly of product and the disassembly process of part and the reassembly includes only reassembly of part. First of all, we analyzed the remanufacturing process and a type of injury. Then, we reviewed the standards and determined the criteria for a severity and an occurrence. We set a bigger weight for the severity to allow the greater impact. And the injury risk score was defined as a sum of the weighted severity and the weighted occurrence. We conducted a qualitative analysis of the experience of field workers based on the criteria we set up. Questionnaires for the evaluation were formulated through interviews with experts.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2021

Background: Employment standards (ES) include having a regular payday, regular breaks, the right to paid sick or vacation time, and paid wages. Inadequate ES contribute to the labour market vulnerability of workers; however, they are not typically considered to be risk factors for workplace injury. In a sample of Canadian workers, we examine the risk of injury associated with inadequate ES, independent of, and combined with inadequate workplace protections from workplace hazards. Methods: Data from 2,803 adults working 15 hours or more/week in workplaces with at least five employees were analysed. We explored associations between exposure to workplace hazards with inadequate protections [termed occupational health and safety (OHS) vulnerability] and inadequate ES on workplace injury (physical or mental injury; injury requiring time off). Additive interaction models were used to examine the independent and combined effects of these exposures. Results: Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES were independently associated with increased injury outcomes. Adjusted models showed an additive relationship for all injury outcomes between OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES. Statistically significant superadditive relationships were observed for physical injury risk with policy and procedure vulnerability plus inadequate ES [synergy index (S) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13-2.00] and for overall OHS vulnerability plus inadequate ES (S 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16-2.02), suggesting a combined effect greater than independent effects. Conclusion: Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES are independently associated with workplace injury. For certain injury outcomes, the combined effect of OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES is greater than the independent effects of each individual exposure.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2021

Understanding sciences behind fall-related hip fractures in older adults is important to develop effective interventions for prevention. The aim of this review is to provide biomechanical understanding and prevention strategies of falls and related hip fractures in older adults, in order to guide future research directions from biomechanical perspectives. While most hip fractures are due to a fall, a few of falls are injurious causing hip fractures, and most falls are non-injurious. Fall mechanics are important in determining injurious versus non-injurious falls. Many different biomechanical factors contribute to the risk of hip fracture, and effects of each individual factors are known well. However, combining effects, and correlation and causation among the factors are poorly understood. While fall prevention interventions include exercise, vision correction, vitamin D intake and environment modification, injury prevention strategies include use of hip protectors, compliant flooring and safe landing strategies, vitamin D intake and exercise. While fall risk assessments have well been established, limited efforts have been made for injury risk assessments. Better understanding is necessary on the correlation and causation among factors affecting the risk of falls and related hip fractures in older adults. Development of the hip fracture risk assessment technique is required to establish more efficient intervention models for fall-related hip fractures in older adults.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.101-112
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• 2014

In this study, a risk assessment method based on scenario for the product safety management in Korea has been developed and proposed. To this end, Korea's related regulations for product safety management should be analyzed first, and the risk assessment method necessary for the enforcement of the regulations is presented by itemizing the method into the case of general injury and toxic substances. The features of the method presented in this study are as follows: (i) It is a method based on the injury scenario which can occur during the use of product. (ii) It assesses a risk based on the probability of the scenario and the severity of injury. (iii) In the case of toxic substances, it assesses a risk considering the hazard of the toxic substances on the human body and the severity of injury. To determine the probability of the injury scenario, this study has decomposed the scenario into several configuration factors and estimates each factor's probability to calculate the whole scenario's probability. The results of risk assessment through the method of this study are presented and it is shown that the method can be applied to the product classification for the product safety management.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of landing tasks on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors in female basketball players. Fifteen female basketball players performed a drop landing and a drop landing with a vertical jump on the 40 cm height box. Three-dimensional motion analysis system and ground reaction force system was used for calculate the ACL injury risk factors. Paired samples t-test with Bonfferoni correction were performed. The drop landing with a vertical jump had the higher knee flexion angle, peak knee varus moment, trunk flexion angle than a drop landing. However, the drop landing had the higher trunk rotation angle than a drop landing with a vertical jump. These results indicate that seemingly minor variations between drop landing and drop landing with a vertical jump may influence the ACL injury risk factors. Caution should be used when comparing studies using different landing tasks.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.22-26
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• 2012

Prasad and Mertz published head injury risk curves for skull fracture and for Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ${\geq}4$ brain injury due to forehead impacts based on the 15 ms HIC criterion. KNCAP adopted the HIC36 criterion for the male dummy and the HIC15 criterion for the female dummy. In this paper, it was studied that which of the HIC15 and HIC36 was more effective for the male dummy head injury evaluation. The frontal US-NCAP data for the 7 vehicles from the NHTSA test database were used to evaluate the head injuries. In the case of using the HIC15 and evaluation range 250~700, the discrimination of the rating for the occupant head injury was increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.136-144
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• 2013

An extensive real world in-depth crash accident data is needed to make a precise occupant injury risk prediction at crash accidents which might be a critical information from the scene of the accident in ACNS(Automatic Crash Notification System). However it is rather unfortunate that there is no such a domestic database unlike other leading countries. Therefore we propose a numerical method, i.e., crash simulation using a sled model to make a virtual database that can substitute car crash database in real world. The proposing crash injury risk prediction is validated against a limited domestic crash accident data.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.274-281
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the injury rates and risk factors for preschool children in Daegu city and Kyungpook province. Method : A questionnaire survey about medically attended injuries during the preschool period was performed in nine primary schools located in Daegu city, Pohang city and Goryung County. The overall injury rate was estimated using person-year. The causes and patterns of the injuries, and their risk factors were examined. Result : A total of 469 medically attended injuries were reported in 330 of the 959 study subjects during the preschool period. The overall annual injury rate was 7.5 per 100 children. The injury rate increased sharply during the period from infant (2.4) to 1 year of age (7.5), and the peak injury rate (9.2) was reported for 5 year olds. The most common causes of injuries were falling (36.0%), followed by being struck by an object (23.7%), and traffic accidents (14.1%). Among the traffic accidents, 72.8% occurred while playing on the road, riding a bicycle or roller-skating. A proportional hazard model showed that males (hazard ratio=1.49, p<0.001 compared with female) and the mother's higher education level (hazard ratio of college or higher= 1.51, p=0.013; high school=1.32, p=0.085 compared with those of middle school or lower) were significant risk factors of childhood injury. Conclusion : The results of this study suggested that efforts for children's safety should be made, especially from the toddler stage, and in male children. To develop a more specific childhood injury prevention program, a surveillance system for injuries should be established. Further study of the relationship between mother's occupation and injury rates is also needed.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

Purpose: The scoring system for traumatic liver injury (SSTLI) was developed in 2015 to predict mortality in patients with polytraumatic liver injury. This study aimed to validate the SSTLI as a prognostic factor in patients with polytrauma and liver injury through a generalized estimating equation analysis. Methods: The medical records of 521 patients with traumatic liver injury from January 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed. The primary outcome variable was in-hospital mortality. All the risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The SSTLI has five clinical measures (age, Injury Severity Score, serum total bilirubin level, prothrombin time, and creatinine level) chosen based on their predictive power. Each measure is scored as 0-1 (age and Injury Severity Score) or 0-3 (serum total bilirubin level, prothrombin time, and creatinine level). The SSTLI score corresponds to the total points for each item (0-11 points). Results: The areas under the curve of the SSTLI to predict mortality on post-traumatic days 0, 1, 3, and 5 were 0.736, 0.783, 0.830, and 0.824, respectively. A very good to excellent positive correlation was observed between the probability of mortality and the SSTLI score (γ=0.997, P<0.001). A value of 5 points was used as the threshold to distinguish low-risk (<5) from high-risk (≥5) patients. Multivariate analysis using the generalized estimating equation in the logistic regression model indicated that the SSTLI score was an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio, 1.027; 95% confidence interval, 1.018-1.036; P<0.001). Conclusions: The SSTLI was verified to predict mortality in patients with polytrauma and liver injury. A score of ≥5 on the SSTLI indicated a high-risk of post-traumatic mortality.