• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.587-594
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• 2017

The construction industry generates the greatest number of disasters. Laborer injury at construction sites is mostly reported by small and mid-sized construction sites. Moreover, of the injuries, the greatest number is related to formwork. The objective of this study is to propose a checklist of the risk factors of formwork, in which industrial injuries occur most frequently in small and mid-sized construction sites, with which safety management can be done thoroughly. Risk factors and preventive measures are derived by analyzing 9,396 industrial disasters occurring at construction sites in Korea. The checklist drawn in this study was reviewed by five specialists in safety management, and applied to construction sites to verify its applicability. In a result, applying the checklist to the site showed that the safety management system of small and medium-sized construction sites were insufficient. It is expected to contribute to the effective safety management of small and mid-sized construction sites.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2018

Arteriosclerosis is the major cause of coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease, which are leading causes of death. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce injury to vascular endothelial cells by increasing cell adhesion molecules, leading to vascular inflammation, a major risk factor for the development of arteriosclerosis. In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of enzymatic hydrolysate from Japanese mud shrimp Upogebia major on the inflammation of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We first evaluated the antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of eight U. major enzymatic hydrolysates: alcalase, papain, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin (${\alpha}-Chy$), trypsin, pepsin, neutrase, protamex and flavourzyme. Of these, ${\alpha}-Chy$ exhibited potent antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities. The ${\alpha}-Chy$ hydrolysate was fractionated by two ultrafiltration membranes of 3 and 10 kDa. The ${\alpha}-Chy$ hydrolysate of U. major and its molecular weight cut-off fractions resulted in a significant reduction in NO production and a decrease in cell adhesion molecules [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and endothelial-selectin (E-selectin)] and pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] in $TNF-{\alpha}$-stimulated HUVECs. These results suggest that enzymatic hydrolysate from U. major can be used in the control and prevention of vascular inflammation and arteriosclerosis.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2012

Introduction: After 17 years since the first production of humidifier disinfectants in Korea, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) announced that the odds ratio of lung injury related with humidifier disinfectant usage was 47.3 (95% confidence interval 6.0-369.7) according to a case-control study with 18 adult cases, including 8 pregnant women at a university hospital in Seoul. Results: From September 2011 to April 2012, one-hundred and seventy four victim cases have been reported to an environmental non-governmental group (NGO). We summarized timetable of humidifier disinfectants accidents, analyzed health outcomes (death, lung or lung and heart transplantation, pulmonary disease) of reported victims, and classified some information for humidifier disinfectants with health outcomes, and government action for this accident. Among the victims, number of death cases are 52 (30.0%), including 26 babies less than 3 years old. Sixty-nine victims come from twenty-seven family with 2 to 4 members per family. About twenty types of humidifier disinfectant products and about 600,000 product items a year have been sold. Fifty-two death cases used 7 different types of disinfectant products, including imported goods and some private brands of well-known supermarkets. KCDC confirmed inhalation toxicity of 6 products through an animal experimental test, and based on this observation recalled disinfectants containing PHMG (polyhexamethylene guanidine) and PGH (Oligo(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl guanidinium chloride). Discussions: The use of these biocides involved highly fatal consequences among biologically vulnerable victims, such as pregnant women, several family member victims after semi-acute exposure. This is the first biocide disaster in Korea with non-specific targets, and unknown scale of victims, warranting concerns on use of biocides in the living environment. Conclusions: Special administrative agency for chemical safety and compensation act for environmental health victims are needed to prevent similar problems.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2022

Purpose: Extravasation of diagnostic and therapeutic materials might occur when the intravascular solution leaks into the surrounding tissues. Injury associated with extravasation depends on various factors. It may range from mild skin reaction to severe necrosis. However, the incidence rate for extravasation is largely unknown because of the limited reporting in Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the incidence of extravasation and nurses' attitude and knowledge of extravasation for providing high-quality nursing care. Methods: Three acute care hospitals were surveyed to estimate the occurrence of extravasation. Knowledge and attitude toward extravasation were investigated from 793 nurses working in six hospitals. Results: The incidence rate of extravasation was 0.5%. Extravasation commonly occurred in elderly patients aged 66 or older (59.9%) and internal medicine (48.2%), and it happened 13.73±20.68 days after hospitalization on average. It mostly occurred in the forearm site (52.9%) and was mainly caused by parenteral nutrition (33.6%). The mean scores of nurses' knowledge and attitude were 14.63±2.86 and 28.91±36.00, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the subjects' knowledge and attitude (r=-.11, p=.002). Conclusion: It is necessary to have a reporting system that can accurately monitor the occurrence of extravasation for patient safety management. In addition, it is necessary to develop a protocol that can be applied to clinical practice and a nurse education program.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2005

In Korea, the number of those who were drowned of the dead by 'accident and injury' ranked the third of causes of death is over 2,300 people a year. So the Ministry of Home Affairs arranged '119 drowning rescue team' at frequent occurrence regions of drowning temporarily as a part of drowning rescue measures during every summer season and made perfection more perfect for safety control and rescue services at prevention areas of accidents. However, considering that the number of professional drowning rescuers is small and it is managed temporarily only for summer, the placement of special rescue team equipped with professional education and qualification should be ensured and quick lifesaving and first-aid treatment should be conducted, since much time is required to arrive at accident place after receiving accident report at 119 office, rapid rescue and relief have not been achieved. Therefore, the placement of special rescue team should be increased for reducing the personal damages by considering regional characteristics and in particular placement of more drowning rescue teams in Jeonnam region which has more seas and rivers is needed This study aims at analyzing relief activities and statistics to cope with water accidents and achieve qualitative growth of first-aid services, examining actual conditions of water accident relief team and personnel assignment, providing first-aid services of good quality and establishing improvement methods to increase operation of relief team.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2022

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the space-time distribution of the risk of suicide mortality in Iran from 2006 to 2016. Methods: In this repeated cross-sectional study, the age-standardized risk of suicide mortality from 2006 to 2016 was determined. To estimate the cumulative and temporal risk, the Besag, York, and Mollié and Bernardinelli models were used. Results: The relative risk of suicide mortality was greater than 1 in 43.0% of Iran's provinces (posterior probability >0.8; range, 0.46 to 3.93). The spatio-temporal model indicated a high risk of suicide in 36.7% of Iran's provinces. In addition, significant upward temporal trends in suicide risk were observed in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, Kermanshah, and Gilan. A significantly decreasing pattern of risk was observed for men (β, -0.013; 95% credible interval [CrI], -0.010 to -0.007), and a stable pattern of risk was observed for women (β, -0.001; 95% CrI, -0.010 to 0.007). A decreasing pattern of suicide risk was observed for those aged 15-29 years (β, -0.006; 95% CrI, -0.010 to -0.0001) and 30-49 years (β, -0.001; 95% CrI, -0.018 to -0.002). The risk was stable for those aged >50 years. Conclusions: The highest risk of suicide mortality was observed in Iran's northwestern provinces and among Kurdish women. Although a low risk of suicide mortality was observed in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, and Gilan, the risk in these provinces is increasing rapidly compared to other regions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.465-472
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• 2016

Objective:This study is on the characteristics of motorcycle accidents occurring in the mail delivery process by skill level. Background: The tendency of delivery postmen's driving in a hurry may become the cause of accidents since there is a constraint that delivery should be completed within a limited time. Method: This study analyzed the traffic accident data of 259 delivery postmen, who had been approved as occupation-related industrial accident victims from 2009 to 2012, by their work experience in view of season, day of the week of an accident occurrence, accident occurrence time, accident cause, collision type, and driving situation. Results: Accident characteristics of delivery postmen show that the ratio of accidents occurring to those who had less than 10 years of work experience was high. There were many motorcycle collisions in winter and summer by season and an unexpected object, along with road condition, took up 70.7% of the accident sources. There were no differences in accident occurrence time, the day of the week, season, accident source, and collision type between the group of delivery postmen with less than 10 years of work experience and those with 10 years or more of work experience. However, there was a difference in distribution of driving condition. Conclusion and Applications: The results of this study can be used to present the policies or guidelines for the accident prevention of delivery postmen since the results show the characteristics of the injured and accident occurrence characteristics in relation with the delivery postmen's motorcycle collisions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.523-531
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the relation between working conditions and occupational injuries among Korean employees. This study was based on the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey(KWCS) and a total of 36,292 data were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the relation of working conditions and occupational injuries after controlling for individual variables. After control of personal factors, perception of the threat to health or safety(OR=3.77, 95% CI=2.934-4.844), 49-59 working hours(OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.023-2.601), 60 hours or more per week(OR=2.66, 95% CI=1.683-4.197), and manual occupation type(OR=1.76, 95% CI=1.218-2.536) were associated with occupational injuries. Our results indicate that working conditions influence occupational injuries, and the focus should be on prevention and management strategies for occupational injuries to vulnerable workers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.122-136
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• 2000

Stroke patient needs rehabilitation after receiving an acute treatment in a hospital. When stroke patient gets involved in an early discharge program, home care nurse plays a pivotal role to make them to gain a full strength and to come back to his/her prior life before he/she is sick. In spite of the importance of home care nursing intervention protocol for home care nurses to perform home care nursing autonomously, home care nursing intervention protocol for stroke patient is rarely developed. Therefore this study was conducted to develop home care nursing protocol that is applicable for stroke patients in home care nursing area. 41 home care nursing charts for stroke patients registered in home care nursing agencies from December 1st 1994 to August 31st 1999 at Y hospitals in Seoul and Won-Ju city were analyzed. 44 home care nurses who were having over three years' experience on stroke patients were participated in this study as a user validity validation group. The results of this study are as follows. 1. 28 nursing diagnoses were selected on the basis of evaluation of nursing diagnoses of stroke patients presented in a previous literature and case studies on home care nursing. 2. 17 nursing diagnoses were classified through the frequency analysis of home care nursing charts for 41 stroke patients who had received home care nursing. The order of sequence was like these: impaired skin integrity, risk for infection, nutritional deficit, impaired physical mobility, constipation, knowledge deficit, ineffective airway clearance, anxiety in family members, risk for aspiration, self care deficit, altered urinary elimination, ineffective individual coping, social isolation, risk for injury, self-esteem disturbance, impaired verbal communication, fatigue of family caregiver. 3. Based on validation on expert and user validities, 44 nursing interventions which were above ICV=.80 were chosen. 4. Nursing intervention protocols which showed above ICV=.90 were developed and were like these; pressure ulcer care, position change, preventive care for circulatory dysfunction, tube care : catheter, vital sign monitor, constipation/impaction management, artificial airway management, suction of airway secretion, environmental management : safety, and fall prevention.